출하 일령이 오리육의 화학적 변화에 미치는 영향

채현석,유영모,안종남,김동훈,함준상,정석근,이종문,최양일,Chae Hyun-Seok,Yoo Young-Mo,Ahn Chong-Nam,Kim Dong-Hun,Ham Jun-Sang,Jeong Seok-Keun,Lee Jong-Moon,Choi Yang-Il 한국축산식품학회 2006 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.26 No.1

본 연구는 오리 고기의 사육일령에 따른 부위별 화학적 특성을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 오리육의 단백질 함량은 70일령 가슴 및 다리육이 각각 21.13, 19.61%로 45일령 18.20, 18.69%보다 높게 나타났다. 지방은 45일령의 가슴육이 1.04%이었으나 70일령은 1.38%로 약간 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 무기물에서 칼슘(Ca)의 함량은 가슴 및 다리육에서 $142.1{\sim}161.1\;ppm$으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 사육일령에 따라서 가슴 및 다리육 모두에서 사육일령이 증가할수록 약간 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 철분(F)의 함량은 가슴육에서는 사육일령에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 다리육에서 45일령이 14.6 ppm, 70일령 27.5 ppm으로 70일령에서 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 아미노산에서 methionine은 다리육에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 가슴육에서 45일령이 0.43%, 70일령 0.48%로 70일령에서 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). Glutamic acid의 함량은 부위별로는 차이가 없었으나 다리육에서 45일령이 3.06%, 70일령이 2.99%로 45일령이 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 콜라겐 함량은 45일령의 가슴살에서 0.65, 70일령 0.77 g/100 g으로 사육일령이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 피부를 제거한 날개육에서는 45일령이 1.98, 70일령이 2.13 g/100 g으로 70일령이 0.15 g/100 g 이상 많았다. 콜레스테롤은 가슴육에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 다리육에서 45일령이 76.77 mg/100 g, 70일령 83.75 mg/100 g으로 사육일령이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). The aim of this study was to determine the chemical traits of duck meats with different rearing periods(45 70 days). The content of protein was 21.3 and 19.61% in the breast and leg at 70 days post hatched, respectively. Group at 70 days showed high protein composition than those of 45 days group. The content of fat was slightly increased with the rearing periods. The composition of Ca, mineral compound, was not showed the difference between leg and breast meat. However, it was increased with the rearing periods. The composition of Fe was not significantly different in the breast meat. However, there was a significant increase in the leg (p<0.05). It was compared 14.6 ppm at 45 days group to 27.5 ppm at 70 days group. The content of methionine was significantly increased in the breasts due to the increasing rearing periods (p<0.05), but not in leg meat. There was no significant difference between parts, but glutamic acid content was significantly decreased along with the increasing rearing periods (p<0.05). The content of collagen at 70 days(0.77 g/100 g) was higher than those of 45 days(0.65 g/100 g). It was affected by the rearing periods In the wing-removed skit, it was 0.15 g increases at 70 rearing period group. The cholesterol content was significantly increased in the leg but not in the breast. With the rearing periods, it was significantly increased in the leg (p<0.05).

육계 출하 후 관리

김동훈,유영모,조수현,박범영,김용곤,이종문,Kim Dong-Hun,Yoo Young-Mo,Cho Soo-Hyun,Park Beom-Young,Kim Yong-Kon,Lee Jong-Moon 한국축산식품학회 2004 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.24 No.4

The handling and transport of broiler birds from farm to the processing factory is known to cause injury and dead. The preslaughter period can be compromised through thermal stress, emotional stress, starvation, dehydration, metabolic exhaustion, trauma to the skin and bone fraction resulting in bruising and dead. This paper focuses on the control points of individual post Harvest stages by reference to recent literature. In catching, the injuries and deads are caused from fracture of bone, skin damage and hipbone dislocation. It can be improved by training the catchers. The primary factor of dead during transportation is from thermal stress. It is related to stocking density, type of crate and vehicle, ventilation and transportation time. Of the factors, the ventilation is very important. The holding place should be built with consideration of protection from the hostile external environment. There were not much progresses in this area, however, many researches are conducting to focus on animal welfare in European Union. Recently, it is rapidly changed in marketing custom from whole carcass to portion cut in Korea. This means the increase of economic loss due to the mishandling at post harvest. The systematic approach is demanded for this area.

오골계 증탕액 급여가 흰쥐의 혈중 호르몬, Cytokine 및 특이항체에 미치는 영향

채현석,안종남,유영모,함준상,이종문,윤상기,최양일,Chae Hyun-Seok,Ahn Chong-Nam,Yoo Young-Mo,Ham Jun-Sang,Lee Jong-Moon,Yoon Sang-Ki,Choi Yang-Il 한국축산식품학회 2004 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.24 No.3

본 연구는 흰쥐(S.D, ♂)에 각 처리에 따라 기초사료로 시판사료(T$_1$)를 무제한 급여하면서 시험사료로 한약 증탕액 (T$_2$), 오골계 증탕액(T$_3$), 오골계 교잡종 육에 Flavourzyme을 0.1%첨가하여 가수 분해시킨 후 한약제와 혼합하여 증탕시킨 증탕액(T$_4$)을 35일간 경구 투여한 후 흰쥐의 혈청에 대한 glucose및 hormones과 면역학적 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사 한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 비만하였을 때나 과도한 스트레스를 받았을 때 insulin 함량이 증가한다고 하였으나 효소 처리 오골계 교잡종 증탕액을 급여한 처리구에서 체중 증가가 일반사료를 급여한 처리구에 비해 유의적으로(p<0.05) 증가하였어도 insulin 함량이 일반사료 급여구보다 증가하지 않은 것으로 나타나 바람직한 생리현상을 나타냈다. Aldosterone은 스테로이드 계통의 호르몬으로 물의 생리적 밸런스와 혈압조절에 관여하는데 일반사료 급여구에 비해 한약 증탕액, 오골계 증탕액,효소 처리 오골계 증탕액 급여 구에서 낮은 함량을 나타내 고농도 단백 식이의 급여에도 불구하고 aldosterone수치의 저하로 혈압 저하의 효과를 나타 낸 것은 한약을 첨가시켜 고압으로 처리시킨 증탕액의 효과와 가수분해 효소에 의한 소화가 용이하도록 처리한 결과로 사료된다 Cortisol은 스트레스 측정에 감도가 높은 호르몬으로 알려져 있는데 일반사료급여구가 0.67 nmol/L인 반면 증탕액을 급여한 구에서는 0.40∼0.49 nmol/L으로 cortisol 농도가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈는데 이는 aldosterone에서와 같이 한약제와 동물성 단백질을 섭취함에 따른 효과로 사료된다. 흰쥐에 증탕액 급여가 면역반응에 미치는 영향에서 IL-4, IFN-v 및 anti-BSA IgG의 역가는 일반사료를 급여한 처리구에 비해 오골계 증탕액 및 효소 처리 오골계 교잡종 증탕액 급여구에서 spleen과 serum두에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었는데 앞에서 언급했던 바와 같이 한약(십전대보탕)의 효과와 소화시키기 쉬운 고농도의 단백질 가수분해 물질의 다량 섭취에 의해 면역 활성이 증가되었을 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to investigate feeding effects of the high pressure boiled extracts (HPBE) of the Ogol chicken with herbs on glucose, hormones and immunological response (cytokine, specific antibody) of serum in the rat which fed either with normal feed (T$_1$), normal feed + herb HPBE (T$_2$), normal feed + Ogol chicken HPBE (T$_3$), normal feed + mixture of cross-bred Ogol chicken HPBE (T$_4$) hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme 0.1% for 35 days. During experimental period, there was a weak trend to have a higher glucose content for the T$_4$ group with 102.27${\pm}$5.95 mg/dL, but it was not significantly higher than other treatments. For insulin level, T$_1$ group showed numerically a slightly higher level with 6.79${\pm}$4.64 ${\mu}$IU/mL, but the difference was not significant in statistic term due likely to a large variation in comparison with other treatments. The treatments did not significantly alter testosterone level in rat plasma with 1.09, 1.46, 0.98, 1.13 ng/mL in T$_1$, T$_2$, T$_3$ and T$_4$, respectively. T$_4$ treatment increased the aldosterone level to a significantly (p<0.05) higher level (273.33 ng/dL) than other treatments. The extract treated rat showed a tendency in the cortisol level of lower levels than the control group, particularly, it was significantly (p<0.05) lower in T$_3$ group than other groups. T$_3$ and T$_4$ groups showed higher levels for interlukin-4 (IL-4) and anti-BSA IgG in immune cells and plasma. T$_2$, T$_3$ and T$_4$ treatments showed a slightly higher levels in v-interferon (INF-r) than the control, with a greater effect for T4 treatments. These results suggested that HPBE of the cross-bred Ogol chicken hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme increased immunological activity and decreased the concentration of cortisol and aldosterone hormones.

감마선 처리에 따른 닭고기 가슴육의 냉장 저장 중 품질 특성

안종남,채현석,유영모,유효순,함준상,정석근,김광엽,장애라,Ahn, Chong-Nam,Chae, Hyun-Seok,Yoo, Young-Mo,Yoo, Hyo-Soon,Ham, Jun-Sang,Jung, Seok-Geun,Kim, Kwang-Yup,Jang, Ae-Ra 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.3

The influence of gamma irradiation with low doses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kGy) on the meat quality of chicken breast was determined for 6 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The pH of irradiated chicken was lower than that of the control at day 1 (p<0.05), while no difference was found among irradiation at different doses. Drip loss was higher in irradiated chicken with doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy compared to the control at day 1 and day 3 (p<0.05). Lightness (L) at day 1 and day 6 was increased due to irradiation (p<0.05). Redness (a) increased with irradiation doses of 1.0 and 1.5 kGy at day 1 and day 3 (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in yellowness (b). The number of aerobic plate count of irradiated chicken during storage was significantly lower than the control (p<0.05). E. coli and coliforms were not detected after irradiation at any dose. Also, irradiation doses of 1.0 and 1.5 kGy significantly reduced volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values compared to the control during storage (p<0.05). These results suggest that low dose gamma irradiation can be useful to extend the shelf life of chicken breast during cold storage.

축산물의 유용성 표시에 대한 고찰

장애라,채현석,유영모,함준상,정석근,이승규,안종남,김동훈,이성기,이의수,Jang, Ae-Ra,Chae, Hyun-Seok,Yoo, Young-Mo,Ham, Jun-Sang,Jeong, Seok-Geun,Lee, Seung-Gyu,Ahn, Chong-Nam,Kim, Dong-Hoon,Lee, Sung-Ki,Lee, Eui-Soo 한국축산식품학회 2009 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.29 No.5

This article concerns the labeling guideline for health benefits of livestock products. In recent years, livestock products with health benefits have emerged as a key market for livestock product industries. However, the current labeling regulation for functional foods severely prohibits livestock product industries from attaching most of the health benefits claims to the products. Also, manufacturers have some difficulties in labeling the health benefits of certain livestock products because of a lack of guidelines on health benefit claims for livestock products. Therefore, some livestock product industries and scientists have strongly demanded a revision of labeling regulation, Appended Chart No. 14 provided by Article 52 (2) of Enforcement Regulation of the Processing of Livestock Products Act, so they could mark the health benefits on their products. To support the 'revision of labeling regulation', the goals of this article were as follows; 1) to assess the current situation on nutrition labeling and nutrition claims on foods, 2) to determine the current situation on health claim regulatory systems used in foreign countries (CODEX, USA, Japan, EU, and Australia/New Zealand), 3) to assess the current situation on the health claim or health benefit claim regulations for functional foods, conventional foods, and livestock products in Korea, and 4) to determine the need for complement in health benefit claim for livestock products. In conclusion, guidelines for the use of health benefit claims on livestock products should be prepared as soon as possible and the guidelines should be viable and easy for manufacturers and control authorities to understand. Also, nutrient profiles should be developed to identify whether the livestock products are eligible to bear health benefit claims and to help consumers make the right choices.

반응표면 분석에 의한 산양유 요구르트의 제조조건 최적화

함준상,정석근,신지혜,최미영,한기성,채현석,유영모,안종남,고상현,박광욱,최석호,이완규,Ham, Jun-Sang,Jeong, Seok-Geun,Shin, Ji-Hye,Choi, Mi-Young,Han, Gi-Sung,Chae, Hyun-Seok,Yoo, Young-Mo,Ahn, Jong-Nam,Ko, Sang-Hyun,Park, Kwang-Wook,Choi, 한국축산식품학회 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.3

본 연구는 감귤을 이용하여 산양취가 저감된 산양유 요구르트를 개발하고자 감귤농축액과 감귤향 그리고 과당을 이용하여 산양유 요구르트를 제조하였으며, 제조된 산양유 요구르트의 이화학적 특성 및 관능적 특성을 조사하여 반응표면분석을 이용하여 세 가지 요인이 이화학적 특성 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 도출하고 감귤 산양유 요구르트의 최적 제조조건을 설정하였다. 제조된 산양유 요구르트의 이화학적 특성에 있어서는 감귤농축액의 첨가가 pH, 적색도, 및 황색도에 고도로 유의적인(p<0.01) 영향을 나타내었으며, 관능적 특성에 있어서는 감귤농축액의 첨가가 색에, 과당의 첨가가 전체적인 기호도에 고도로 유의적인(p<0.01) 영향을 나타내었다. 반응표면 분석에 의한 산양취의 최대값은 2.35, 최소값은 1.08로 두배이상 차이가 나타났으며, 산양취를 최소화시키는 배합조건은 감귤농축액 1.44%,감귤향 0.0357%,및 과당 6.91%이었다. This study was carried out to establish the optimal preparation conditions of yoghurt made from goat milk with reduced goaty flavor by adding citrus concentrate and flavor. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of citrus concentrate ratio (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5%), citrus flavor ratio (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05%) and fructose ratio (3, 4, 5, 6, 7%). The physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of the sixteen yoghurt samples were compared. The addition of citrus concentrate had a significant (p<0.01) effect on the pH, $a^*,\;and\;b^*$ values. Regarding organoleptic properties, the addition of citrus concentrate had a significant (p<0.01) effect on color, and fructose had an effect on overall palatability. The maximum value of organoleptic goaty flavor was 2.35, more than double the minimum value. The optimum conditions predicted for minimizing goaty flavor of the yoghurt were 1.44% citrus concentrate, 0.0357% citrus flavor, and 6.91% fructose.

산양유의 체세포수 등급 설정에 관한 연구

신지혜,정석근,한기성,장애라,채현석,유영모,안종남,우광태,최석호,이완규,함준상,Shin, Ji-Hye,Jeong, Seok-Geun,Han, Gi-Sung,Jang, Ae-Ra,Chae, Hyun-Seok,Yoo, Young-Mo,Ahn, Chong-Nam,Woo, Kwang-Tae,Choi, Seok-Ho,Lee, Wan-Kyu,Ham, Jun-Sang 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The aim of this work was to establish the standard for goat milk somatic cell counts. The data were obtained from MGEN, which were collected from Dec. 2006 to Nov. 2007. A total of three hundred and forty somatic cell counts from 12 goat milk farms were analyzed. A goat milk grading system by somatic cell count is proposed; less than 1,000,000/mL, 1,000,000-1,500,000/mL, 1,500,000-2,000,000/mL, 2,000,000/mL-2,500,000/mL, and over 2,500,000/mL. Under the grading system, the ratio of first grade goat milk would be 26.2%, and that of the fifth grade would be 11.8%. The first grade ratio is low and the fifth grade ratio is high compared to the cow milk grading system. It is expected that somatic cell counts of domestic goat milk will be improved by the proposed grading system.

Delvo test, Eclipse 100 및 Parallux를 이용한 산양유의 잔류항균물질 검출 비교

함준상,정석근,신지혜,한기성,채현석,유영모,안종남,허태영,고상현,박광욱,최석호,이완규,Ham, Jun-Sang,Jeong, Seok-Geun,Shin, Ji-Hye,Han, Gi-Sung,Chae, Hyun-Seok,Yoo, Young-Mo,Ahn, Jong-Nam,Hur, Tae-Young,Ko, Sang-Hyun,Park, Kwang-Wook,Choi, 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The aim of this work was to assess the Delvo test for the detection of antimicrobial residues in goat milk. A total of fifty six samples (eight farms, seven samplings each) were analyzed by the Delvo, Eclipse 100, and Parallux tests. None of the samples showed positive results with the Parallux test which is based on immune-chemical methods. However, 37.5% of samples showed positive results with the Delvo test. 3.6% of samples showed positive results with the Eclipse 100 test, which is based on a microbiological method. The Delvo test is included in the 'standard methods for the examination of raw milk' by the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service as a microbiological method used for the detection of antimicrobial residues. Because "raw milk" is defined as 'milked state of cow, ewe and goat milk for sale or for processing' in the Animal Food Products Processing Law, the Delvo test should be excluded from the 'standard method for the examination of raw milk', or additional official documents referring to the Delvo test as not appropriate for the detection of antimicrobial residues of goat milk are required.

Effect of Milk Containing Streptococcus thermophilus KACC 91147 on Blood Glucose Levels

함준상,정석근,노영배,신지해,한기성,채현석,유영모,안종남,조용민,김근배,Ham, Jun-Sang,Jeong, Seok-Geun,Noh, Young-Bae,Shin, Ji-Hye,Han, Gi-Sung,Chae, Hyun-Seok,Yoo, Young-Mo,Ahn, Jong-Nam,Cho, Yong-Min,Kim, Geun-Bae Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.4

The lactase activities of nine species of lactic acid bacteria were compared using the chromogenic substrate, $o-nitrophenyl-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$. Streptococcus thermophilus KACC 91147 had the highest lactase activity among a total of thirty strains of Lactobacillus and S. thermophilus tested, including commercial strains. S. thermophilus KACC 91147 released $0.30{\pm}0.12\;mg/mL$ of galactose in treated milk A ($10^7\;CFU/mL$) and $6.49{\pm}0.38\;mg/mL$ in treated milk B ($10^9\;CFU/mL$ milk) over 2 hours. In milk tolerance tests, the blood glucose level (BGL) of 6 volunteers (2 males and 4 females) clinically diagnosed as lactose intolerant increased 3.0 mg/dl after drinking milk A, but a significant (p<0.05) additional increase of $11.2{\pm}4.18\;mg/dl$ was found after drinking milk B. This result suggests that the addition of S. thermophilus KACC 91147 cells into milk aids the digestion of lactose in milk and ameliorates the symptoms of lactose-intolerant individuals due to the activity of lactase from the lactic streptococci.

감마선 조사에 의한 분유 단백질의 항원성 저감화

신지혜,정석근,한기성,장애라,채현석,유영모,안종남,이주운,조철훈,이완규,함준상,Shin, Ji-Hye,Jeong, Seok-Geun,Han, Gi-Sung,Jang, Ae-Ra,Chae, Hyun-Seok,Yoo, Young-Mo,Ahn, Chong-Nam,Lee, Ju-Woon,Jo, Cheo-Run,Lee, Wan-Kyu,Ham, Jun-Sang 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.3

The aim of this work was to examine the reduction in antigenicity of milk proteins in powdered milk by gamma irradiation which is increasingly used for food safety. Skim milk powder samples were exposed to irradiation doses of 1, 5, and 10 kGy. A greater reduction of ${\alpha}_{S1}$-casein and ${\beta}_{A1}$-casein was found than ${\alpha}_{S0}$-casein and ${\beta}_{A2}$-casein by capillary electrophoresis. Competitive indirect ELISA and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests using guinea pigs showed a reduction in antigenicity of powdered milk by 10kGy gamma irradiation. These results indicated that gamma irradiation reduce allergenicity of milk proteins by structural changes of ${\alpha}_{S1}$-casein and ${\beta}_{A1}$-casein, and can be useful for dairy products.