번역 수업과 번역 이론의 연계를 위한 실행 연구 - 통번역대학원 번역입문 수업을 대상으로 -

원종화 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2013 통번역학연구 Vol.17 No.3

Despite the rapid growth of Translation Studies over the past few decades, there is an enduring chasm between theorists and practicing translators over the utility of translation theories in translation practice. This paper is about classroom-based action research which aims to narrow the gap by connecting theories with the teaching practice of translation. For the study, fifteen basic translation theories and fifteen text genres which students need to practice translating were chosen. The class consisted of the professor teaching relevant theory, students translating, student presentations, class discussions and feedback from the professor. Over the semester, it was repeatedly observed that with a well-organized plan and instruction, students could learn how to utilize theories in approaching translation and in solving the various problems they faced during the translation. Another positive result was that students gained a clearer and more concrete command of concepts and terms widely used in translation studies, enabling better communications not only between the professor and the students, but also among the students themselves

<서평> : 최정화. 『노트 테이킹』. 한국문화사. 2002. pp. 272

원종화 한국통역번역학회 2002 통역과 번역 Vol.4 No.2

Effects of Input Rates on the Performance of Novice Simultaneous Interpreters

원종화 한국통역번역학회 2011 통역과 번역 Vol.13 No.1

The performance of simultaneous interpreters has been reported to be affected by varied factors including sound and vision, accent and intonation, speed of input delivery and source text complexity. Among these factors, input rate or the speed of input delivery has been considered one of the most significant factors affecting the performance of interpreters. In actuality, a number of researchers have talked about the effects of input rates on the performance of simultaneous interpreters. However, there has not been sufficient empirical data concerning the factors affecting interpreters’ performance with a few exceptions like those of Gerver’s (1969). The analysis by Gerver, however, was based solely on quantitative data. While acknowledging his contribution, this paper aims to gain a deeper understanding of the complicated processes involved in interpreting through more of an introspective research method. Informed by the analysis of simultaneous interpreting texts as well as interpreters’ retrospective think-aloud protocol, this paper proposes that input rates have significant effects on interpreters’ rate of coverage and flow of logic, but have little effect on the types of errors interpreters make while interpreting. Rather, the types of errors were affected more significantly by the direction of interpreting.

Code-switching and cognitive models of the process of simultaneous interpreting

원종화 한국통역번역학회 2007 통역과 번역 Vol.9 No.2

Won, Jong-Hwa. (2007). Code-switching and cognitive models of the process of simultaneous interpreting. Conference Interpretation and Translation, 9(2), 89-112. Bilingual code-switching has long been recognized as an important linguistic phenomenon worthy of serious investigation. Code-switching is a special skill possessed by bilinguals which allows them to switch from one language to another in the course of a communicative exchange without slowing down speech delivery. The process involves the integration of the morphological, phonological, and syntactic structures of the two codes or languages in real time. Code-switching is a particularly vital aspect of the behavior of the simultaneous interpreters. Indeed, one of the major defining characteristics of simultaneous interpreting is that it inevitably involves code-switching in which switches occur moment by moment not only by the speakers but by the interpreters themselves. Code-switching can also be said to occur when interpreters listen in one language and delivers in another. Few interpreting models formulated so far, however, have incorporated the code-switching process, with the result that simultaneous interpreting is presented as a strict, linear, one-way process. This paper asks the question “To what extent should the theory of code-switching be drawn upon in describing and explaining the process of simultaneous interpreting?” and a tentative answer is offered by integrating the switching process into Setton’s (1999) simultaneous interpreting model. Keywords: Code-switching, mental lexicon, parsing, executive, frame

독자 반응을 통한 한·영 간 색채의식 차이 연구 — 한강의 『채식주의자』와 그 영역본 중심으로 —

원종화 한국번역학회 2017 번역학연구 Vol.18 No.5

This paper aims to discern how translated versions of color terms elicit different responses among readers and to decide what factors cause such differences. As concluded from the interviews with Korean readers of the novel chaesikjueuja written by Han Gang and English readers of The Vegetarian, its translated version in English, the readers of the two languages exhibited different emotional responses to specific colors, in particular black, white, and blue. The responses were also different when the translator failed to convey the culturally-dictated subtle nuances of the derivative color terms in the source text; and when the translator decides to divert from the source text and give special nuances to the sentences by using different color terms. The conclusion of this research is that color perceptions surely have universality among different languages as stipulated by Kay and Berlin(1999). Cultural relativity, however, also plays a significant role in color perceptions, as evidenced by the results of the interviews conducted for this paper. These findings present a practical challenge for the translator as much as a research challenge for translator researchers.

로버트암 두대를 이용한 조립한 로보트 시스템의 설계에 관한 연구 ( 2 ) - 메니플레이터 제어기 ( A Study on a Assembly Robot System using Two Robot Arms-Manipulator Controller )

원종화,오상록,윤명중,변증남 대한전자공학회 1984 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1984 No.1

Effects of directionality in self-monitoring patterns among Korean-English simultaneous interpreters

원종화 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2011 통번역학연구 Vol.14 No.2

본 논문에서 방향성 효과(effects of directionality)라 함은 A언어에서 B언어로, 그리고 B언어에서 A언어로 통역할 때 관찰되는 차이점을 말한다. 지금까지 통역의 방향성에 대해 여러 가지 연구가 있어왔다. 통역 방향에 따른 통역 전략의 차이(Bartlomiejczyk, 2006; Chang, 2005; Won (2010a)), 언어 방향에 따른 통역 실수 유형의 차이(Lee, 2003) 등이 그 예들이다. 그러나 지금까지 통역에 있어서의 방향성을 심리언어학적 측면에서 분석한 실험적 연구는 그렇게 많은 편이 아니다. 실제 대부분의 이중언어 구사자들이 모국어와 비모국어를 처리할 때 언어정보 처리 과정에 차이가 있다는 것은 여러 이중언어 구사학자들에 의해 보고되고 있다. 모국어의 정보처리 체계가 개념 체계와 더욱 긴밀하게 연결되어 있어 모국어에서 비모국어로 번역을 할 때에는 개념 체계가 관여하게 되고 따라서 비모국어에서 모국어로 번역을 할 때보다 더 시간이 걸린다고 하는 연구가 그 한 예이다(Kroll & Stewart, 1994). 본 논문에서는 이러한 언어정보 처리에 있어서의 방향성 효과가 동시통역 과정에서도 적용될 수 있는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 여섯 명의 전문통역사들을 대상으로 동시통역 실험을 실시한 후, 자기 감시(self-monitoring)유형이 통역 방향에 따라 어떤 차이가 나타나지를 살펴보았다. 자신의 발화를 내적으로 혹은 외적으로 감시하면서 말실수가 있는 경우 이를 수정하여 재발화하는 것을 의미하는 자기 감시는, 많은 학자들에 의해 발화 과정을 살피는 주요 도구로 인식되고 있다(Carroll, 2004: 203-208). 자기 감시 유형의 분석을 통해 도출해낸 동시통역에 있어서의 언어정보처리의 방향성 효과는 통역학에서의 과정지향적 연구 자체로서뿐만 아니라, 통역 평가, 통역 교육 방법론 등 통역 교육 측면에서도 함의하는 바가 클 것이라고 기대한다.

항암화학요법과 수술적 절제로 완전 관해된 전이를 동반한 십이지장 신경내분비암

원종화,류지곤 대한췌장담도학회(구 대한췌담도학회) 2019 대한췌담도학회지 Vol.24 No.3

유문 주위의 십이지장 종괴로 내원한 57세 남자 환자가 grade 3의 십이지장 신경내분비암과 다발성 간 전이로 진단되었다. 9주기의 cisplatin, etoposide 병합 항암화학요법으로 치료받은 후 복부 전산화단층촬영에서 원발 십이지장 종괴의 완전 퇴행과 간 전이 병변의 현격한 크기 감소가 관찰되었다. 양전자방출단층촬영에서는 대사성 완전 관해 소견을 보였다. 유문보존 췌십이지장 절제술을 시행하였고, 5 mm 크기의 잔존하는 신경내분비종양이 병리학적으로 확인되었다. 환자는 처음 진단 이후 43개월 이상 재발의 증거 없이 생존 중이다. 본 증례는 grade 3의 신경내분비암의 이질성에 대한 가능성을 제시하고, 일부 환자들은 cisplatin, etoposide 병합 항암화학 요법에 매우 좋은 반응성을 보여 완전 관해를 얻을 수 있음을 시사한다. A 57-year-old male with periampullary duodenal mass was diagnosed as grade 3 duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma with multiple liver metastasis. After nine cycles of cisplatin and etoposide, abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings showed complete regression of primary duodenal mass with marked size reduction of liver metastasis. Positron emission tomography findings showed metabolic complete response in both duodenal and liver mass. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was done and pathologic finding showed 5 mm sized remnant neuroendocrine tumor. The patient has remained alive with no evidence of disease for 43 months after initial diagnosis. This case suggests the possibility of heterogeneous nature of grade 3 neuroendocrine carcinoma and selected population may have extreme sensitivity to cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy leading to complete response.

조경식물의 식재와 이용 : 원주시와 횡성군을 중심으로

원종화,정진형,김창섭,이기의 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 2005 Journal of Forest Science Vol.21 No.-

본 연구에서는 강원도 원주시와 횡성군애에 식재 활용 되고 있는 조경 식물의 이용 상황을 조사 분석하여 현재 어떠한 식물이 어떻게 이용되고 있는가를 파악함으로서 그 이용방법에 대한 개선 방안을 모색하고 아울러 원주시와 횡성군의 아름다운 경관 형성을 위한 관리 방법 등을 제시하였다. This study was executed to find out how to improve the planting and use of landscaping plants in Weonju and Hoengseong. 1. The number of street trees were 22.068 and the species number were 10 species in Weonju in 2004. The major species of street trees were Ginkgo biloba(58%), Prunus sargentii(15%), Zelkova serrata(9%), Prunus armeniaca var, ansu(8%), and Acer palmatum(6%). The ratio of native species versus exotic were 50:50. In Hoengseong, the number of street trees was 13,500 and the specise number were 15 species. The major species of street trees were Prunus sargentii(42%), Ginkgo biloba(23%), Acer triflorum(12%) Prunus armeniaca var, ansu(6%), and Prunus mume(4%). The ratio of native species versus exotic were 67:33. The species of which planting frequency within two areas was very high were Ginkgo biloba and Prunus sargentii. 2. It is necessary to select tree species suitable for the characteristics of the locality and to raise distinctive street trees that contribute to the tourist industry. For the purpose, the appropriate street trees in two areas are Cornus controversa, Quercus aliena, Zelkova serrata. Prunus padus, Sorbus alnifolia, Sorbus comixta, Albizzia julibrissin, Acer triflorum. Styrax japonica, Chionanthus retususm Celtis sinensism, Prunus yedoensis, Malus sieboldii, Crataegus Pinnatifida, Prunus armeniaca var. ansu and Pyrus pyrifolia etc.. 3. Appropriate pruning adds to the aesthetic and prolongs the useful life, it also requires less managing of insects and diseases to maintain good healthy of street tees. Street trees were not properly pruned due to electric lines and shortage of pruning information. The pruning was controlled by Korea Electric Power Co, which has no pruning information. Pruning must be maintained by a professional landscape company to maintain good shape such as with Bonsai. The shrubs planting zone between street trees and other trees, and preservation plates were established for healthy of street trees. They have to be repaired and maintained well to keep better environmental conditions. The proper fertilization, the control of pests and diseases, the installation of drainpipe and the use of soil brought from another place were needed to improve the planting, use and maintenance of landscape plants. 4. The species number of school trees and flowers of 102 schools in Weonju and Hoengseong were 17species, 16species respectively. The major species of school trees in Weonju were Juniperus chinensis(24%), Ginkgo biloba(17%), Pinus densiflora(14%), Zelkova serrata(14%), and Pinus koraiensis(9&), and those of school trees in Hoengseong were Pinus koraiensis(44%), Abies holophylla(25%), Juniperus chinensis(8%), and Ginkgo binloba(8%). The major species of school flowers in Weonju were Rosa centifolia(47%), Forsythia koreana(24%), Magnolia kobus(12%), and Rhododendron schlippenbachii(6%), and those of school flowers in Hoengseong were Forsythia koreana(36%), Rhododendron schlippenbachii(33%), Magnolia kobus(6%) and Dicentra spectabilis(6%). 5. The species number of the protection trees designated by Woenju and Hoengseong were 15 species. The major species of protection trees were Zelkova serrata(100 trees), Ginkgo biloba(18) Pinus densiflora(7), Quercus spp.(5), Juniperus chinensis(4) and Alnus japonica(4). 6. The landscape plants planted around 2004 in weonju were Prunus yedoensis(2,563trees), Betula platyphylla var, japonica(2,000), Abies holophylla(1,785), Diospyros kaki(1,100), Prunus sargentii(880) and Prurus armeniaca var. arsu(708) etc.. The shrubs planted were Rhododendron obutusum(21,559 plants), Rosa certjfolia(7,150), Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense(5,950), Forsythia koreana(3,000) and Ligustrum obtusifolium(2,500) etc.. The landscape plants planted in Hoengseong Acer triflorum(928trees), Prunus yedoensis(455), Zelkova serrata(327), Thuja orientalis(261), Prunus sargentii(257), Pinus koraiensis(200), Prunus persica for, rubro-plena(200) and Pyrus pyrifolia(200) etc.. The shrubs planted were Rhododendron yedoense var, poukhanense(15,936). Syringa dilatata(10,090). Forsythia koreana(9,660). Cercis chinensis(3,200). Buuxus microphylla var, koreana(2,600) and Rosa centifolia(1,868) etc.. 7. The species numbers of the herbaceous planted in 2004 in Weonju were 24 species and the ratio of native species versus exotic were 7:17. The major species of perennial plants were Aster koraiensis(30,656 plants), Coreopsis drummondii(7,656), Rudbeckia bicolor(6,000), Chrysanthemum morifolium(4,850) and Chrysanthemum zawadskii var, latilobum(4,312). The major species of annuals and biennials were Cosmos bipinnatus(672,000plants), Zinnia elegans(35,600), Petunia hybrida(26,920), Viola tricolor(23,000), Helianthus annuus(17,000), and Geranium cinereum var, pubcaulescens(5,200). In Hoengseong, the numbers of herbaceous plants were 906,310 plants and the species numbers were 15 species. The major species of perennials plants were Aster koraiensis(70,480 plants), Hemerocallis fulva(20,070), and Phlox drummodii(18,000). The major species of annuals and biennials were Phlox hybrida(174,000 plants), Cosmos bipinnatus(125,000), Zinnia elegans(109,000), Tagetes patula(96,700), Vinca rosea(89,000) and Calendula officinalis(70,000). 8. Through these result, it was thought that the diversification of planting species, the selection of plants suitable to each space and the generalization of use of native species were needed.

수술 후 재발한 췌장암에서 종양절제술과 정위적 체부 방사선치료로 장기간 생존을 보인 환자

원종화,류지곤,유민수,Jong Hwa Won,Ji Kon Ryu,Min Su You 대한소화기암연구학회 2018 Journal of digestive cancer reports Vol.6 No.2

췌장암으로 진단된 70세 여자 환자가 유문보존 췌십이지장 절제술 및 5-fluorouracil 동시항암화학요법으로 치료받았다. 수술 후 병리학적으로 pT3N0 (stage IIA)의 췌장선암이 확진되었다. 14개월 뒤 복부 전산화단층촬영에서 10 mm 크기의 단일 간 재발 병소가 간 3번 분엽에서 발견되었다. Gemcitabine 12주기 및 capecitabine plus oxaliplatin 9주기 항암치료를 시행했으나 전이병소는 27mm로 크기가 증가하였다. 이에 간 3번 분엽의 종양절제술을 시행하였다. 종양절제술 시행 25개월 뒤 흉부 전산화단층촬영에서 23 mm 크기의 단일 공동성 폐결절이 발견되었고, 조직검사에서 전이성 선암으로 확인되었다. 환자는 두 차례의 정위적 체부 방사선 치료 후 질병의 진행 없이 진단 후 6년 이상 장기 생존 중이다. 본 증례를 통해 수술 후 단일 간 전이 혹은 폐 전이가 발견된 일부 환자들에서 수술적 절제를 비롯한 국소 치료가 장기생존에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.