Technology Trade and Valuation Model of Technology Factor Method

오준환(Joon-Hwan Oh),Hyun-Woo Park 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.2

This study analyzes the applicability of a technology valuation model from methodological and practical perspectives on international technology trade. To accommodate high uncertainties in cross-border technology trades, international valuation practitioners prefer using the income approach which is based on the discounted future cash flows from the subject technology valued. This study analyzes the technology factor method (TFM) and suggests an improved valuation model relevant to international technology trade by presenting valuation results of a hypothetical case. TFM’s estimation process starts with the assessment of the risks (uncertainties) related to the successful application and commercialization of the subject technology. After determining an entity’s overall business value created by the subject technology, TFM multiplies this value by the technology’s contributory factor. In domestic technology transactions, TFM estimates the contributory proportion of technological asset to be from 1/4 to 1/3. In international technology trades, however, this study suggests that TFM take into consideration additional factors such as trade utility and trade tendency when estimating the contribution factor. This study’s case analysis confirms that the suggested method mitigates the traditional TFM’s prerequisites on efficiency, completeness, and comparability of international technology trading markets. The suggested TFM is expected to shed new light on international technology valuation, by promoting international technology trades.

중증 전자간증 임산부의 제대동맥 이완기말 혈류 속도에 따른 제대혈 혈액소견 및 주산기 예후

오준환 ( Joon Hwan Oh ),임윤경 ( Yun Kyoung Lim ),이희종 ( Hee Jong Lee ),김행수 ( Haeng Soo Kim ),양정인 ( Jeong In Yang ),유희석 ( Hee Sug Ryu ),오기석 ( Kie Suk Oh ) 대한산부인과학회 2003 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.46 No.4

목적 : 중증 전자간증 환자를 대상으로 제대동맥 이완기말 혈류의 유무에 따른 제대혈 유핵 적혈구의 수와 주산기 예후를 비교하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 1999년 1월부터 2002년 9월까지 아주대학교 산부인과에 입원한 중증 전자간증 환자중 분만 72시간 전에 제대 동맥 이완기말 혈류속도를 측정한 49예를 대상으로 하여 이완기말 혈류 속도가 있었던 42예와 혈류 속도가 없는 7예 사이의 제대혈에서의 유핵 적혈구의 수와 태아의 주산기 예후를 비교하였다. Objective : To assess the umbilical nucleated red blood cell counts and perinatal outcomes according to umbilical artery Doppler end diastolic velocity in severe preeclampsia. Materials and Methods : A prospective case-control study comparing 42 severe pr

태아의 이형성 신질환을 동반한 임신의 임상 양상 및 주산기 예후

오기석(Kie Suk Oh),김행수(Haeng Soo Kim),양정인(Jeong In Yang),오준환(Joon Hwan Oh),금승섭(Seung Seop Keum) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.1

목적: 태아의 이형성 신질환을 동반한 임신의 산전 진단과 적절한 산과적 처치 및 산전 상담에 도움이 되는 임상적 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 1994년 6월부터 1999년 7월까지 아주대학교병원 산부인과에서 산전 초음파검사를 시행하여 태아의 이형성 신질환으로 진단되고 본원에서 분만한 13예를 대상으로 산전 초음파검사 소견, 주산기 결과, 모성 합병증, 동반된 기형의 유무, 부검 소견 등에 대해 후향적 조사를 시행하였다. 결과: 다발낭성 신 이형성증은 총 분만 9,591예 중 9예로 1,066분만 당 1예의 빈도를 보였으며, 다낭종신은 4예로 2,398분만 당 1예의 빈도를 보였다. 주산기 결과로는 다발낭성 신 이형성증 9예중 임신 24주에 진단된 1예에서 심한 구개순 및 구개열을 동반하여 임신 25주경 유도 분만에 의해 임신종결이 이루어졌고, 6예는 자연진통 혹은 유도분만에 의해 질식 분만되었으며, 이중 자궁내 태아사망으로 임신 36주에 분만이 유도된 1예를 제외한 5예는 정상 분만되었다. 또한 2예에서 제왕절개수술로 분만되었다. 생존한 신생아 7명은 현재까지 생존하여 6개월 간격으로 외래 추적 관찰 중이다. 다낭종신 4예 중 3예는 인위적으로 임신 종결을 하였으며, 1예는 임신 36주에 반복 제왕절개수술에 의해 분만되었는데 비후성 심근증이 동반되었으며, 생후 24시간 이내에 사망하였다. 산과적 합병증으로는 양수과소증 4예, 양수 과다증 2예, 전치 태반 2예, 태반 조기 박리 1예, 조기 양수파막 1예, 자궁경부 열창 1예, 빈혈 1예 등이 있었다. 주산기 합병증으로는 자궁내 발육지연 2예, 요로 감염 1예, 수신증 1예, 급성 호흡부전 1예, 급성 신부전 1예, 뇌실 주위출혈 1예, 후두 연화증 1예 등이 있었다. 결론: 태아의 이형성 신질환이 동반된 임신의 경우, 정밀 산전 초음파검사 및 염색체 검사 등을 시행하여 정확한 진단을 하고 다른 동반된 기형의 유무를 확인하는 것이 산과적 처치 결정 및 주산기 예후에 중요하다고 사료된다. Objective: To obtain clinically useful data regarding prenatal diagnosis, proper antepartum counseling and obstetric management in pregnancies with fetal dysplastic kidney disease. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 13 cases of MCDK(Multicystic dysplastic kidney) and PCDK(Polycystic dysplastic kidney), diagnosed by antenatal ultrasound and delivered from June 1994 through July 1999 at Ajou University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, with regard to prenatal ultrasonographic findings, perinatal outcomes, maternal complications and associated fetal anomalies. Results: The incidence of MCDK and PCDK was one in 1,066 and one in 2,398 births, respectively. Of the 9 cases of MCDK, one case was terminated due to severely associated anomaly, and 6 cases were delivered by spontaneous labor or pitocin induction at term, of which 1 case was delivered by pitocin induction at 36 weeks gestation due to intrauterine fetal death. Two cases were delivered by cesarean section. There were no neonatal deaths in 7 cases of MCDK and they have been followed up to date, and alive. Of the 4 cases of PCDK, 3 cases were terminated by induced abortion or induced vaginal delivery, and 1 case was delivered by cesarean section, which was combined with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and the baby died within 24 hours after birth. Perinatal complications consisted of small for gestational age, urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, acute respiratory failure, acute renal failure, periventricular hemorrhage and laryngomalacia in the neonatal period. Conclusion: It is suggested that antenatal ultrasonography and genetic analysis to evaluate accurate diagnosis and associated anomalies should be performed to manage and councel properly the pregnancies with fetal dysplastic kidney disease.

초기 상후두암종에서 레이저를 이용한 내시경하 상후두부분절제술의 적용

최종욱(Jong Ouck Choi),권기환(Kee Hwan Kwon),오준환(Joon Hwan Oh),한승훈(Seung Hoon Han),이승훈(Seung Hoon Lee),최건(Geon Choi) 대한두경부종양학회 1998 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.14 No.2

레이저를 이용한 내시경하 상후두부분절제술은 술전에 정확한 병기판정으로 초기 국소병변의 선택을 신중하게 하고 경부 림프절전이의 치료를 효율적으로 시행하는 경우 기존의 수술법과 유사한 생존율을 얻을 수 있었다. 환자의 상태에 따라서 충분한 수술시야를 확보하는데 어려움이 있으며, 병변의 위치에 따라서 술중 절제연의 확인이 힘들다는 제한점을 고려해야 하며, 술 후 발생할 수 있는 출혈, 부종, 오연 등의 합병증에 대비하기 위하여 술 전 기관절개술이 유용할 것으로 생각된다. Background: Supraglottis and glottis have a different embryologic origin. Supraglottic cancer is characterized by high incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis at initial diagnosis, and favored surgical management of the early supraglottic cancer was partial supraglottic laryngectomy, however the procedure resulted in frequent incidences of postsurgical aspiration and voice disabilities. Objectives: We retrospectively analyzed the problems and the advantages of the endoscopic laser assisted supraglottic partial laryngectomy as a part of surgical management for early supraglottic cancer. Materials and Methods: During the past nine years 25 cases of supraglottic cancer(Tl 10 cases, T2 15 cases) were treated by tracheotomy and laser assisted supraglottic partial laryngectomy(KTP532, 15 Watt, continuous type) and in 10 cases with cervical lymph node metastasis, they were additionally managed by neck dissection one week later, and all cases received postoperative irradiation therapy. Results: At present, 19 cases are alive with no evidence of disease. During the follow up period total of six cases(primary failure: three cases, nodal failure: three cases) were recurred. In relation to tumor staging, One of the 10 Tl cases and two of the 15 T2 cases recurred showing 88% locoregional recurrence rate for early supraglottic cancer. Postoperative com-plication included bleeding in three cases who were controlled by electrocautery under general anesthsia, one case of longstanding aspiration and two cases of laryngeal stenosis as a delayed complication. Conclusion: High control rate suggests that the endoscopic laser assisted supraglottic partial laryngectomy may be a good initial management method for early supraglottic cancer, however it is difficult to determine the resection margin, therefore, accurate tumor staging must be done prior to surgery. In order to prepare for postoperative bleeding, edema and aspiration, the tracheotomy must be performed prior to surgery.

HELLP 증후군의 임상적 고찰

안상태 ( Sang Tae Ahn ),김행수 ( Haeng Soo Kim ),양정인 ( Jeong In Yang ),오준환 ( Joon Hwan Oh ),한기수 ( Ki Su Han ),양성천 ( Seong Cheon Yang ),오기석 ( Kie Suk Oh ) 대한주산의학회 2001 大韓周産醫學會雜誌 Vol.12 No.2

자궁내장치의 위치이동

최지향 ( Ji Hyang Choi ),서민정 ( Min Jung Suh ),이희중 ( Hee Joong Lee ),오준환 ( Joon Hwan Oh ),이귀세라 ( Gui Se Ra Lee ),허수영 ( Soo Young Hur ),신종철 ( Jong Chul Shin ),김사진 ( Sa Jin Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2004 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.47 No.10

목적 : 일반적인 피임방법 중 하나인 자궁내장치의 위치이동에 대해 진단 및 치료방법 등에 따라 비교하였다. 연구 방법 : 1993년 1월부터 2003년 1월까지 가톨릭대학교 7개 병원에서 일반적인 자궁내장치 제거방법으로 제거되지 않는 자궁내 및 자궁외로 위치이동된 자궁내장치를 치료하기 위해 입원한 환자 32명을 대상으로 자료분석을 통해 후향성 연구를 시행하였다. 통계방법은 T-test, fisher exact test, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하였다. Objective : To study intrauterine or extrauterine misplacement of intrauterine devices in respect to their usage in diagnosis and therapy via retrospective analysis. Methods : Data from 1993 to 2000 on a total of 32 patients from seven Catholic University

새로 발생한 13 q32.2 → qter 결손과 동반된 13 번 환상염색체 환아 1 예

황성진(Seong Jin Hwang),이지현(Jee Hyun Lee),박인양(In Yang Park),문희봉(Hee Bong Moon),오준환(Joon Hwan Oh),이귀세라(Gui Se Ra Lee),이종승(Chong Seung Yi),신종철(Jong Chul Shin),김수평(Soo Pyung Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.2

We report a case of ring chromosome 13 with a distal deletion of 13q32.2→qter observed in a fetus who was referred to our institution at term due to severe growth restriction and multiple congenital malformations on ultrasonographic examination. This boy was born by vaginal delivery at 39 weeks in gestation. His weight, head circumference and height were less than the 3 percentile of gestational age. Apgar score was 7 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes. He showed microcephaly, large forehead, low set ears, hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge, and micrognathia. The genitalia was ambiguous, showing severe hypoplasia of the penis. The anus was ectopic, displaced anteriorly from its normal position but with a normal opening and function. Neurologic examination was normal. Echocardiogram done at 2 weeks of life showed a persistent foramen ovale and a ventriculoseptal defect (type II) with increased pulmonary hypertension. MRI examination of the brain showed poorly demarcating corpus callosum suspecting agenesis of corpus callosum. Also, cerebellar vermis was small and hypoplastic, mimicking a variant form of Dandy-Walker malformation. MRI of the pelvis showed a tubular structure in pelvic cavity, suspicious of uterine remnant, between urinary bladder and rectum, and a inguinal hernia was noted in the left side. In the abdominal cavity enlarged adrenal glands were noted, and hormonal study showed elevated 17-α-OH-progesterone (168.9 ng/ml) with normal 17-KS and 17-OHCS levels. Gastrointestinal and urogenital system were otherwise normal. Cytogenetic analysis of the parents were both normal but the newborn showed 46, XY, r(13), de novo, with deletion points q32.2→qter. Our findings are in line with previous reports about chromosome 13 deletions, in which loss of the critical point leads to major malformations like brain anomalies and ambiguous genitalia.

임신중기 유전적 양수천자 1,068예의 임상적 고찰

박현희(Hyun Hee Park),양성천(Seong Cheon Yang),김행수(Haeng Soo Kim),양정인(Jeong In Yang),오준환(Joon Hwan Oh),강현웅(Hyun Woong Kang),김현주(Hyun Joo Kim),주연종(Yeon Jong Joo),오기석(Kie Suk Oh) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.10

목적: 본 연구에서는 임신중기 유전적 양수검사 1,068예의 임상적 결과를 살펴보고 타 연구와 비교 분석하고자 한다. 방법: 1994년 9월부터 1999년 2월까지 아주대학교병원 산부인과에서 시행한 임신중기 양수천자 총 1,068예를 분석하여 그 적응증 및 핵형검사 결과, 예방적 항생제 사용여부에 따른 합병증 발생 및 산과적 결과 등을 조사하였다. 결과: 총 1,068예 중 모체혈청을 이용한 선별검사 이상이 가장 흔한 적응증(57.7%)이었고, 가장 많은 연령군은 25-29세 군이었다(39.2%). 염색체이상은 56예(5.2%)로 수적 이상이 28예(50.0%), 구조적이상이 28예(50.0%) 였으며, 상염색체 이상이 50예(4.7%), 성염색체 이상이 6예(0.6%) 였다. 임신 결과는 정상 만삭분만이 86.5%이었고, 조산이 7.6%, 인공적인 임신중절이 시행된 예가 4.0%를 차지하였다. 합병증으로 태아손실은 없었으며, 1예는 경미한 양수누출 후 회복되어 임신을 지속하였다. 예방적 항생제 투여군과 투여하지 않은 두 군 간에 합병증 및 산과적 결과는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 적응증별 염색체 이상 발생 빈도에서 초음파 검사상 태아 기형이 의심되는 경우가 13.6%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 결론: 유전적 양수 검사의 가장 흔한 적응증이 고령 산모에서 현재는 산전 모체혈청을 이용한 선별검사 이상으로 변화하고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 염색체 이상의 상당수를 차지하는 젊은 연령층의 산모를 대상으로 하는 산전 모체혈청에 의한 선별검사, 산전 초음파검사, 기형아 분만 및 염색체 이상의 가족력 및 과거력 등을 바탕으로 하는 유전적 양수검사의 중요성을 알 수 있었다. 양수천자시 예방적 항생제 투여 여부에 따른 합병증 발생 및 산과적 결과는 양 군간의 비교분석상 통계학적 유의성을 나타내지 못하였으며, 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze 1,068 cases of prenatal genetic amniocentesis and to compare the results with reported studies. Method: We analyzed 1,068 cases of midtrimester prenatal genetic amniocenteses from September 1994 to February 1999, and investigated the fetal chromosomal abnormality, obstetric outcomes and complications by the indications of genetic amniocentesis and prophylactic antibiotic use at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine. Results: Abnormal maternal serum markers were the most common indication of amniocentesis (57.7%) and the most common age distribution was 25-29 years (39.2%). One case of early amniocentesis (14 gestational weeks) was performed. The overall incidence of chromosomal aberration was 5.2% (56/1,068), of which there were 28 cases (50.0%; 28/56) of numerical aberrations and 28 cases (50.0%; 28/56) of structural aberrations. There were 50 cases (4.7%) of autosomal chromosomal aberrations and 6 cases (0.6%) of sex chromosomal aberrations. The pregnancy outcome was full-term delivery in 86.5%, preterm delivery in 7.6%, termination of pregnancy in 4.0%. There were no cases of serious complications including fetal death except for a case of self-limited amniotic fluid leakage(high leakage) in which the pregnancy was maintained. There were no significant differences between prophylactic antibiotics user group and non-user group in obstetric complications and outcomes. Conclusion: We could confirm that the trend in the indication of genetic amniocentesis had changed from advanced maternal age(35 year-old) toward abnormal maternal serum marker(triple test), and we recognized the importance of genetic amniocentesis according to the various antenatal screening tests of maternal serum marker, antenatal ultrasound, past history of fetal anomaly or family history of fetal chromosomal anomaly in the younger age groups(< 35 year-old) that are involved in more than half of the chromosomal anomaly. Further study will be needed to elucidate the efficacy of using prophylactic antibiotics in amniocentesis.

자궁외 근종으로 오인된 회장의 기질 종양 1 예

이수선(Soo Sun Lee),강대호(Dae Ho Kang),최성권(Song Kwon Choi),최윤경(Yoon Kyung Choi),오준환(Joon Hwan Oh),신진웅(Jin Woong Shin),김도강(Do Gang Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.1

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of ileum is a rare tumor of gastrointestial tract that arise from primitive mesenchymal cells. GIST occur predominantly in persons over 40 years of age with an equal sex incidence. GIST expresses a heterogenous clinical course and the most important prognostic factors are tumor size, site, degree of mitotic activity, tumor necrosis. We report a case of GIST of ileum, which was misdiagnosed as extrauterine leiomyoma preoperatively.

자연 유산의 영양배엽에서 LH / CG 수용체 , α 및 β - hCG 의 발현

강대호(Dae Ho Kang),변태섭(Tae Sup Byeun),이수선(Su Sun Lee),이방현(Bang Hyeon Lee),최성권(Song Kwon Choi),류기성(Gi Sung Ryu),오준환(Joon Hwan Oh),신진웅(Jin Woong Shin),김도강(Do Kang Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.10

N/A Objective : To investigate the mechanisms involved in the mRNA expressions of hCG, LH/CG receptor and in hormone secretion in the trophoblast of normal and abnormal early pregnancy. Methods : hCG, free β-hCG, and progesterone concentrations were measured in serum and the mRNA expressions of α,β-hCG and LH/CG receptor were measured in the placental trophoblast of 22 spontaneous abortion patients (spontaneous abortion group), 20 normal pregnancy women (normal pregnancy group) and 6 hydatidiform mole patients (hydatidiform mole group). Results : 1. Mean values of serum hCG and free β-hCG concentrations were the lowest in spontaneous abortion group (46343.63±40404.18 mIU/ml, p<0.001; 31.34±61.57 mIU/ml, p<0.01 respectively) among the three groups. Mean progesterone concentration was the lowest in spontaneous abortion group (11.84±7.60 ng/ml, p<0.01), too. 2. The expression levels of α,β-hCG were the highest in spontaneous abortion group (4.64±5.47, p=0.015; 4.57±4.42 p=0.002 respectively). The expression levels of LH/CG receptor were not different statistically among the three groups and they were high at the 5th week of gestation, reaching nadir at the 10th week of gestation when the concentrations of serum hCG showed peak values in normal pregnancy group. 3. The correlations between serum hCG and progesterone concentrations were positive in both spontaneous abortion (r=0.827, p<0.001) and normal pregnancy (r=0.438, p=0.054) group. Though they were not significant statistically, the correlations between progesterone concentrations and the levels of α,β-hCG expressions were negative in both spontaneous abortion (r=-0.237, p=0.289; r=-0.211, p=0.347) and normal pregnancy (r=-0.270, p=0.250; r=-0.235, p=0.318) group. In hydatidiform mole group, the correlation between progesterone concentrations and the levels of β-hCG expression was positive (r=0.968, p=0.002). Conclusion : Our results suggest that the mechanisms involved in the secretion of hCG, progesterone and the expression of α,β-hCG, LH/CG receptor be normal in spontaneous abortion as in normal pregnancy and in the both groups, hCG stimulate the secretion of progesterone by autocrine function and control the secretion of itself, through the suppression of the expressions of α,β-hCG and LH/CG receptors. So the cause of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy may be not placental dysfunction but the defect of embryo itself with poor placental growth.