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Hybrid PVD로 제조된 Ti-Me-N (Me=V, Si 및 Nb) 나노 박막의 미세구조와 마모특성
양영환(Young-hwan Yang),곽길호(Kil-ho Kwak),이성민(Sung-min Lee),김성원(Seong-won Kim),김형태(Hyung-tae Kim),김경자(Kyung-ja Kim),임대순(Dae-soon Lim),오윤석(Yoon-suk Oh) 한국표면공학회 2011 한국표면공학회지 Vol.44 No.3
Ti based nanocomposite films including V, Si and Nb (Ti-Me-N, Me=V, Si and Nb) were fabricated by hybrid physical vapor deposition (PVD) method consisting of unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering and arc ion plating (AIP). The pure Ti target was used for arc ion plating and other metal targets (V, Si and Nb) were used for sputtering process at a gas mixture of Ar/N2 atmosphere. Mostly all of the films were grown with textured TiN (111) plane except the Si doped Ti-Si-N film which has strong (200) peak. The microhardness of each film was measured using the nanoindentation method. The minimum value of removal rate (0.5×10<SUP>?15</SUP> ㎡/N) was found at Nb doped Ti-Nb-N film which was composed of Ti-N and Nb-N nanoparticles with small amount of amorphous phases.
XPS 분석을 통한 CrMoN 코팅의 마찰마모 거동 연구
양영환 ( Young Hwan Yang ),여인웅 ( In Woong Lyo ),박상진 ( Sang Jin Park ),임대순 ( Dea Soon Lim ),오윤석 ( Yoon Suk Oh ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2012 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.50 No.8
The tribological behavior of CrMoN films with respect to surface chemistry was investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All of the films were prepared from a hybrid PVD system consisting of DC unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering and arc ion plating (AIP) sources. The tribological property of the films was evaluated by a friction coefficient using a Ball-on-disk type tribometer. The chemistry of wear track was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and XPS. The friction coefficient was measured to be 0.4 for the CrMoN film, which is lower than that of a monolithic CrN film. EDS and XPS results imply the formation of an oxide layer on the coating surface, which was identified as molybdenum oxide phases, known to be a solid lubricant during the wear test.
플라즈마 용사 및 전자빔 물리기상 증착법으로 제조된 4YSZ 코팅의 고온마찰마모 거동
양영환(Young-Hwan Yang),박찬영(Chan-Young Park),이원준(Won-Jun Lee),김선주(Sun-Joo Kim),이성민(Sung-Min Lee),김성원(Seongwon Kim),김형태(Hyung-Tae Kim),오윤석(Yoon-Suk Oh) 한국표면공학회 2013 한국표면공학회지 Vol.46 No.6
4 mol% Yttria-stabilized zirconia (4YSZ) coatings are fabricated by Air Plasma Spray (APS) and Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) with top coating of thermal barrier coating (TBC). NiCrAlY based bond coat is prepared as 150 μm thickness by conventional APS (Air Plasma Spray) method on the NiCrCoAl alloy substrate before deposition of top coating. Each 4YSZ top coating shows different tribological behaviors based on the inherent layer structures. 4YSZ by APS which has splat-stacked structure shows lower friction coefficient but higher wear rate than 4YSZ by EB-PVD which has columnar structure. For 4YSZ by APS, such results are expected due to the sliding wear accompanied with local delamination of splats.
중간층 조건에 따른 Cr-Mo-N 막의 상형성 및 마찰마모 거동 연구
양영환(Young-Hwan Yang),여인웅(In-Woong Lyo),박상진(Sang-Jin Park),임대순,오윤석(Yoon-Suk Oh) 한국표면공학회 2011 한국표면공학회지 Vol.44 No.6
Phase evolution and tribological behavior of Cr-Mo-N multi compositional films with different interlayer were investigated. The films were deposited by hybrid PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) system consisted of dc unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering and arc ion plating (AIP) sources. A pure molybdenum (Mo) was used as sputtering target and also a pure Cr was used as AIP target to form the Cr-Mo-N films. Various growth planes were found, no textured surface, in all of the multi composition films. Maximum value of microhardness was measured in Cr-Mo-N film with Mo interlayer as 29 GPa. Composition film was mainly showed the aspect of the adhesive wear than CrN film. The friction coefficient was decreased from 0.6 for pure CrN coating to 0.35 for Cr-Mo-N film with Mo interlayer. This result may come from the formation of metal oxide tribo-layer which is known as solid lubricant during the wear test.
梁暎煥 淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所 1972 아시아여성연구 Vol.11 No.-
We are now in the beginning of the mass consumption society. Mass consumption society should be undoubtedly accompanied by the change of marketing method. In a mass consumption society, elevation and equalization of technical skill obviously bring about oversupply caused by mass production and equalization of quality of products. Many significant market changes are also caused by changes in the size of income. Thus is not only the trend toward large income, but consumers spending relatively more on for so-called discritionary spending. There is also a trend toward an evening out of income level among consumers, and trend which is resulting in mass market for many items. Accordingly, marketing should be changed from the producer intention to the consumer design. Appraised standard of the commodity couldn't be now based on the intrinsic value such as quality, faculty, price, and etc., but on the annexed value which is gratifying the psychological desire to the consumers. That is to say, the standard of commodity value is now divert from the first value to the second value. And the marketing point is also diverting from the technician who is only treating the first value of commodity to the marketing man who is fully aware of consumers. There are closely related with each other between commodities and consumers. The commodity is inseparably linked up with consumers, being interact upon with each other. The impact of consumers on the commodity is that making the commodity has to conate psychological value in itself, and thus of on consumer is that many potential desires of consumers have to be actualized and to make a change of consumers' behaviour. The commodity has to be discovered by psychology and to be well developed by the meaning. The commodity value is not a special quality itself, but to be a consumers' value. The commodity value of the mass consumption society is a reflected light which has being reverberated by consumers. Finally, a case study is influenced, especially in regard to such feminine items as textiles, cosmetics, electric appliances, foods, and automobiles, by the relationship of Commodity and consumer value.