꽃노랑총채벌레 산란에 의한 포도 과피 달무리 반점: 종 특이적 분자진단법을 이용한 종동정과 반점 증상의 형태적 특징

안승준,조명래,박철홍,강택준,김형환,김동환,양창열,Ahn, Seung-Joon,Cho, Myoung Rae,Park, Cheol Hong,Kang, Taek Jun,Kim, Hyung Hwan,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Yang, Chang Yeol 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.53 No.3

In grape vineyards, whitish spots in a cloud shape have been often observed on the fruit surface recently. However, the cause of the halo spot symptom was unknown, hindering countermeasures to be properly designed for the control. A small hole in the middle of the formless halo spot remained as a scar formed by oviposition of the thrips. It became later a suberized scab, which is separated from the epidermal cells on the surface either to be retained on or to be detached from it as time proceeds. Such a symptom is distinguished from the feeding damages caused by thrips or true bugs occurring on the grape fruits. With DNA extracted from the egg-shell found in the hole, molecular diagnosis by amplifying an ITS2 region with universal primers and subsequently digesting the PCR product by an restriction enzyme (RsaI) revealed that the egg was laid by Frankliniella occidentalis. In addition, a mitochondrial COI sequence confirmed that the halo spot symptom was formed by its oviposition. This study provides accurate information on the peculiar damage symptom caused by oviposition of F. occidentalis that could be useful in the control strategies for this pest in vineyards. 최근 국내 포도원에서 과실 표면에 구름모양의 흰색 얼룩이 자주 발견되고 있으나, 그 원인에 대해 명확히 알려진 바가 없어 방제대책을 세우지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 흰색의 달무리 반점은 포도 과실 표면에 부정형으로 퍼져 있으며, 그 중앙에는 총채벌레가 산란할 때 만들어진 작은 구멍의 상처가 남아 있다. 이 상처부위는 시간이 지나면서 코르크화되고 표피세포와 분리되어 딱지로 남거나 떨어져 나가게 된다. 이러한 증상은 총채벌레의 섭식이나 노린재의 흡즙에 의한 상처와는 구별된다. 산란구멍에서 발견한 총채벌레 알껍질에서 DNA를 추출하여 ITS2 부위의 염기 서열을 PCR-RFLP 방법으로 분자동정을 실시한 결과 꽃노랑총채벌레의 것으로 확인되었다. 미토콘드리아 COI 염기서열은 이러한 분자 동정 결과를 재확인하여 주었다. 본 연구결과는 포도 과피에 꽃노랑총채벌레 산란에 의해 유발되는 독특한 피해 증상에 대한 정확한 정보를 제공하며 포도원에서 이 해충에 대한 방제전략 수립에 도움이 될 것으로 여겨진다.

WSi₂ word-line 및 bit-line용 spacer-Si₃N₄ 박막의 증착

안승준,김대욱,김종해,안성준,김영정,김호섭,Ahn S.,Kim D.W.,Kim J.H,Ahn S.J.,Kim Y.J.,Kim H.S. 한국재료학회 2004 한국재료학회지 Vol.14 No.6

$WSi_2$, $TiSi_2$, $CoSi_2$, and $TaSi_2$ are general silicides used today in semiconductor devices. $WSi_2$ thin films have been proposed, studied and used recently in CMOS technology extensively to reduce sheet resistance of polysilicon and $n^{+}$ region. However, there are several serious problems encountered because $WSi_2$ is oxidized and forms a native oxide layer at the interface between $WSi_2$ and $Si_3$$N_4$. In this study, we have introduced 20 $slm-N_2$ gas from top to bottom of the furnace in order to control native oxide films between $WSi_2$ and $Si_3$$N_4$ film. In resulting SEM photographs, we have observed that the native oxide films at the surface of $WSi_2$ film are removed using the long injector system.

복숭아순나방과 복숭아순나방붙이의 분자동정법 개발 및 복숭아와 자두에서의 발생차이

안승준,최경희,강택준,김형환,김동환,조명래,양창열,Ahn, Seung-Joon,Choi, Kyung-Hee,Kang, Taek Jun,Kim, Hyung Hwan,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Cho, Myoung Rae,Yang, Chang Yeol 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.52 No.4

The plume fruit moth, Grapholita dimorpha Komai, a fruit tree pest occurring in the northeast Asia, was firstly reported to infest apple in Korea in 2009, but its direct damage to other fruit trees has been poorly studied. In this study, we investigated shoots and fruits of both peach and plum trees and compared their damage rates by G. dimorpha to those by G. molesta, a congeneric species. In order to discriminate the two moth species, we developed a molecular diagnosis method using species-specific primer sets on different PCR conditions and distinguished the two species collected from the damaged shoots or fruits. The shoots and fruits of peach were infested mostly by G. molesta. However, in plums, the shoots were damaged by G. molesta and the fruits mostly by G. dimorpha. In addition, these two species showed a clear difference in host preference in fruit damage, where 92.5% of the Grapholita moths collected in peach fruits were identified as G. molesta, but 97.0% of the moths in plum fruits were G. dimorpha. The difference of the damage between the two fruit trees may give important information for monitoring of the two moth species in these orchards. 복숭아순나방붙이(Grapholita dimorpha Komai)는 동북아시아에 주로 발생하는 과수 해충으로, 국내에서는 2009년에 사과에 피해를 준다는 것이 보고되었으나, 그 이외의 과수에서는 직접적인 피해가 명확히 알려지지 않았다. 본 연구는 핵과류인 복숭아와 자두를 대상으로 복숭아 순나방류의 피해로 보이는 피해순과 피해과를 채집하여, 복숭아순나방붙이와 그 유사종인 복숭아순나방(Grapholita molesta Busck)의 피해율을 비교 조사하였다. 두 유사종의 정확한 구별을 위해 우선 종 특이적 프라이머와 PCR 반응조건을 이용한 분자동정법을 개발하였다. 복숭아와 자두의 신초와 과실을 가해하는 종을 야외에서 채집하여 분자동정법으로 확인한 결과, 복숭아의 신초와 과실은 거의 모두 복숭아순나방이 가해하였으며, 자두는 신초의 경우 복숭아순나방이, 과실의 경우 복숭아순나방붙이가 주로 가해하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 복숭아와 자두에서 조사한 신초는 모두(100%) 복숭아순나방에 의해 피해를 받았으나, 복숭아 과실은 대부분(92.5%) 복숭아순나방이, 자두 과실은 대부분(97.0%) 복숭아순나방붙이가 가해하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 복숭아순나방붙이가 복숭아 보다는 자두 과실에 주로 피해를 준다는 것을 보여주며, 특히 자두나무에서도 신초와 과실에 따라 각기 다른 종이 피해를 준다는 점을 보여준다. 이렇게, 기주식물에 따라 두 유사종의 가해특성이 다른 것은 복숭아와 자두과원에서 두 종의 발생을 예찰하는데 중요한 정보를 제공할 것으로 여겨진다.

레이저 미세가공 기술을 이용한 초소형 전자빔 장치용 정전장 전자렌즈의 제작

안승준,김대욱,김호섭,김영정,이용산,Ahn, Seung-Jun,Kim, Dae-Wook,Kim, Ho-Seop,Kim, Yeong-Jeong,Lee, Yong-San 한국재료학회 2001 한국재료학회지 Vol.11 No.9

For electron beam lithography and SEM(scanning electron microscopy) applications, miniaturized electrostatic lenses called a microcolumn have been fabricated. In this paper, we report the fabrication technique for 20~30$\mu\textrm{m}$ apertures of electron lenses based on silicon and Mo membrane using an active Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Experimental conditions of laser micromachining for silicon and Mo membrane are improved. The geometrical structures, such as the diameter and the preciseness of the micron-size aperture are dependent upon the total energy of the laser pulse train, laser pulse width, and the diameter of laser spot.

초소형 전자칼럼의 제작 및 특성 연구

안승준,김대욱,김영철,안성준,김영정,김호섭,Ahn S,Kim D. W,Kim Y. C,Ahn S. J,Kim Y. J,Kim H. S 한국재료학회 2004 한국재료학회지 Vol.14 No.3

An electron beam microcolumn composed of an electron emitter, micro lenses, scan deflector, and focus lenses have been fabricated and tested in the STEM mode. In this paper, we report a technique of precisely aligning the electron lenses by the laser diffraction patterns instead of the conventional alignment method based on aligner and STM. STEM images of a standard Cu-grid were observed using a fabricated microcolumn under both the retarding and accelerating modes.

Corrigendum : 꽃노랑총채벌레 산란에 의한 포도 과피 달무리 반점: 종 특이적 분자진단법을 이용한 종동정과 반점 증상의 형태적 특징

안승준,조명래,박철홍,강택준,김형환,김동환,양창열,Ahn, Seung-Joon,Cho, Myoung Rae,Park, Cheol Hong,Kang, Taek Jun,Kim, Hyung Hwan,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Yang, Chang Yeol 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.55 No.1

3D Building Information Model을 이용한 공정-비용 통합 시뮬레이터 개발 연구

안승준(Ahn Seung-Jun),박문서(Park Moon-Seo),이현수(Lee Hyun-Soo) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.28 No.1(구조계)

Recently, Schedule-Cost integration models using BIM are regarded as a noteworthy technique to strengthen the construction industry. The objective of this research is to suggest an information system that is able to support decision making process for project managers, through simulating alternatives which is possible to be taken for the actual construction site. Centered at 3D building product model which is created from 3D tools, in the suggested application software, duration information and cost information for each construction alternatives should be inputted for the analysis of each scenario. Parametric technique for describing and analyzing construction processes is proposed.

朝鮮時代 奴婢 市場과 去來

안승준(Ahn, Seung-jun) 한국학중앙연구원 2014 장서각 Vol.0 No.31

조선시대 노비 시장의 ‘場’은 이른바 양반가의 ‘인적 네트워크’였다. 양반가에서는 노비 또는 전답의 거래, 나아가 민원·소송의 편의를 위해 인간관계 중심의 네트워크를 운영하였다. 이들은 작게는 해당 군현 단위, 크게는 전국적인 네트워크를 가지고 있었고, 그 구성원은 해당 지역 官員이나 유력 사족이었다. 양반가 노비의 소유 분포가 전국적이었고, 그 관리가 가능했던 것도 바로 이러한 네트워크가 있었기에 가능하였다. 노비 가격의 결정 등 주요한 내용은 상전이 편지 등을 통해 상대방에게 전달하였다. 중개인 역할을 맡은 사람은 상전의 首奴 또는 戶奴였다. 願買者를 물색하거나 가격을 흥정하는 역할이 이들의 임무였다. ‘배자(패지)’는 상전의 신임장 내지 위임장이었다. 인적 네트워크는 눈으로 보고 물건을 고르는 직접적 시장이 아니라 양반 간의 신뢰를 기반으로 한 ‘關係’라는 가상공간이었다. 가상공간에서의 거래는 수십 년 수백 년간에 형성된 가문의 家格이 담보되었기에 가능하였다. 양반의 인적 네트워크는 ‘稱念’이라는 문서에 그 성격이 잘 드러난다. 칭념은 ‘마음을 잘 헤아려 주기를’ 바라는 내용을 담은 청탁성 편지이다. 중요한 것은 칭념이라는 편지 자체보다도 부수되는 膳物의 교환이었다. 작게는 품질 좋은 白紙에서부터 쌀과 보리, 콩, 명태 등 다양한 농수산물과 베(布)로 대표되는 금전까지 수수되었다. 노비시장은 이러한 양반가의 인적 緣網이라는 가상공간에서 존재해왔고 칭념이라는 物的 수수를 통해 더욱 공고해진다. 양반 재산정보 네트워크는 노비 전성기였던 16세기를 전후한 시기 작게는 수십 곳 크게는 수백 곳에 달하였고, 분포 또한 전국적이었다. 이는 양반 혈연 네트워크인 婚班, 그리고 학파·당파 네트워크와 결합되어 양반 경제를 유지하고 확대하는 중요한 구실을 하였던 것이다. Slave markets in Joseon period were based on human networks among yangban families. Yangban families set up human networks to trade slaves and farm fields and to deal with civil affairs and lawsuits. The network covered gun and hyeon regions in a small scale and the entire nation in a large scale. Members of the networks were local government officials and powerful families. Slaves of yangban families were distributed nationwide. The networks made it possible to manage slaves. Important matters such as slave pricing were communicated by letters of owners. Brokers were a head slave, suno (首奴) or hono (戶奴). They looked for buyers and adjusted prices. They carried a credential document of owners, baeja (牌旨). Slaves were traded by documents without personal inspections. In the sense, the slave market was imaginary based on trust among yangban families. Transactions were guaranteed by the family reputation established for tens or hundreds of years. The characteristics of the human network were found in chingnyeom (稱念) letters. Chingnyeom means ‘Please understand my good intention’. With chingnyeom letters, presents were exchanged. The presents ranged from various agricultural and fishery products such as good quality paper, rice, barley, beans, dried pollack to monetary means such as cloth. Slave markets existed in the imaginary world of human networks and cemented by chingnyeom presents. The number of yangban family networks were tens and hundreds in the 16th century when slave system was most prevalent. The distribution was nationwide, as well. The network was combined with other networks of marriage, schools, and political parties. The networks played important functions to maintain and expand yangban economy.

실적 데이터를 통한 객체 지향형 공정 모델링

안승준(Ahn Seung-Jun),박문서(Park Moon-Seo),이현수(Lee Hyun-Soo) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.29 No.1(구조계)

To integrate diverse aspects of construction management, indispensible condition is to represent construction information in a integrated form of data. In this research, to integrate two most important managerial targets-Shedule and Cost, Object-oriented miodeling method of construction operations is suggested. The construction process object has all the relevant data field as its member, in both aspects schdule and cost, and it is said that construction operations are parametrized by those property parameters. The concept model of object-oriented process representation is implementd and tested in JAVA programming development environment, so that benefits of object-oriented model of construction operations are demonstrated and verified.

중국의 대 아프리카 외교 정책

안승준(Ahn Seung-Joon) 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2012 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.32 No.-

China has being cooperated with African countries on the basis of its policy for seperating politics from the economics to get the Oil Resources since they have rapidly developed their manufacturing industry after China’s reform and opening up. Sudan is the most attractive market to the China because US imposed economic sanctions against them due to support terrorist organization and to assist terrorist suspect. The enterprises of advanced countries so closed on their business in Sudan that it was became a niche market and blue ocean to the China. Politically, China has always been Sudan’s side. In case of Darfur, many countries criticized Sudan’s anti-human crime and tried to sanction through UNSC resolution, but China used vito power. Economically, China has formed consortium which was consist of CNPC, Sudapet and others and participated in the Sudan’s oil fields. This is a win-win situation between China and Sudan. To shout down an investment from multinational corporations, Sudan had suffering the financial stress and needing a new cooperation partner. To lack of energy of growing industry, China could have not only a opportunity to get a fine quality oil resources but also a good customer to sell their goods including weapons. Nowadays, China take an equidistance diplomacy and a role of delicate balancer to satisfied both sides since South Sudan had taken an independent on July 9, 2011. China’s foreign policy to underline the “business is business” has being a substantial effect to the nations in Africa at present, and that seems to be continued for a long time in the future. However, China might have to face a considerable resistance if countries in Africa will be stabilized economically and politically someday. Therefore, China has to take a role of harmonious balancer as a suitable status of G2, not delicate balancer.