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한우 비육시 암모니아 처리 볏짚급여가 사료섭취 및 증체에 미치는 효과
신기준,이용호,이근상,김강식 ( K . J . Shin,Y . H . Lee,K . S . Lee,K . S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.5
The effect of ammoniation treatment on the animal performance of rice straw was studied. The stacked rice straw was covered with polyethylene film and injected with 3% anhydrous ammonia (DM base of rice straw) and kept for eight weeks at the outdoor. The Korean Native Steers, average body weight of 285㎏, were fed all samely 1.5% concentrate of their body weight and each five of them were fed with untreated rice straw (U-RS) and NH₃ treated rice straw (NH3-RS), respectively. Average daily weight gain of steers fed NH₃-RS was significantly higher than that of steers fed U-RS (p$lt;0.05) and DMI ㎏/day and DMI g/W^(0.75) of steers fed NH₃-RS was significantly greater than that of steers fed U-RS. But feed ㎏/gain was not so significantly affected by NH₃ treatment, however the trends was apparently decreased.
가성소다 암모니아처리가 볏짚의 사료가치 증진에 미치는 효과
신기준,강태홍,차영호,김강식 ( K . J . Shin,T . H . Kang,Y . H . Cha,K . S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.5
Two digestive trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of alkali-treatment (NaOH or NH₃) on digestibility and intake of rice straw. In digestion trial I, rice straw was treated with NaOH and NH₃; (1) untreated rice straw, (2) rice straw was chopped and sprayed with 4% NaOH, (3) rice straw was chopped and sprayed with 4% NaOH and pelleted, (4) rice straw was treated by NH₃. Four sheep were assigned to four treated rice straws according to the 4x4 latin square design. In digestion trial II, each four sheep were assigned to untreated rice straw and 3% NH₃ treated rice straw. NH₃ treatment increased crude protein content from 4.47 to 12.65% (P$lt;0.01) but slightly decreased NFE. NaOH treatment did not improve the chemical contents of rice straw except crude ash. Digestibility of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber were significantly increased by NH₃ treatment while NaOH treatment increased only the digestibility of crude fiber. Cell wall content (ADF, Hemicellulose, Lignin, Cellulose, Silica) was slightly decreased by NH₃ treatment although not significant. Rice straw consumption was increased by NaOH and NH₃ treatment as well as pelleting treatment, powever no statistical significance was found (P$gt;0.05).
암모니아 처리볏짚의 반추가축에 대한 급여효과 2 . 암모니아 처리볏짚 및 무처리 볏짚과 뇨소를 옥수수와 함께 급여시 면양의 소화율 , 질소축적과 제1위액 성상에 미치는 영향
신기준(K . J . Shin),배동호(D . H . Bae),이근상(G . S . Lee),김강식(K . S . Kim) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.10
A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding rice straw with corn after ammonia treatment or urea supplementation on the digestibility, nitrogen retention and chemical characteristics of ruminal fluid. Nine castrated Corridale sheep were fistulated and randomly allotted to the following three dietary treatment: (1) rice straw + corn, (2) 3% NH₃-rice straw + corn and (3) rice straw + corn+ urea. Corn was offered 200g/h/d and roughages were fed ad libitum. The urea was used to equalize the nitrogen intake to that of sheep fed ammoniated rice straw. After the digestion trial, ruminal fluids were collected six times(0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs post feeding) to check the changes in various fermentation characteristics. Results obtained were as follows; 1. Digestibilities of DM. OM, crude protein, NDF and GE were increased slightly by ammonia treatment of rice straw but urea supplementation increased only crude protein digestibility. 2. Nitrogen retention was increased significantly(p $lt;0.05) by ammoniation and urea supplementation. 3. There was not significant differences of ruminal fluid pH by feeding rice straw ammoniated or urea supplemented. 4. Total VFA concentration of ruminal fluid tended to increase by feeding ammoniated rice straw. It peaked at 4 hr post feeding. Urea supplementation tended to increase the total VFA concentration but the increment was lower than that by feeding ammoniated rice straw. 5. The NH₃-N concentration of ruminal fluid was increased highly by feeding ammoniated rice straw. Urea supplementation increased also the NH₃-N concentration and the increment was higher than that by feeding ammoniated rice straw.
암모니아 처리 볏짚의 반추 가축에 대한 급여 효과 1 . 볏짚에 대한 암모니아처리 수준이 면양의 섭취량과 소화율및 질소 축적에 미치는 영향
신기준(K . J . Shin),이봉덕(B . D . Lee),배동호(D . H . Bae),차영호(Y . H . Cha),이근상(G . S . Lee),김강식(K . S . Kim) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.7
A digestion trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of various levels of NH₃ treatment on the feed value of rice straw and to decide the optimum level of NH₃ treatment. Twenty four castrated Corridale sheep were randomly allotted to six treatments (0, l, 2, 3, 4 and 5% of NH₃ to air dried rice straw on weight basis), four heads(repelicates) per treatment. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The NH₃ treatment markedly increased the N content of rice straw. The NDF content appeared to be decreased by the treatment. 2. The consumption of rice straw trend to be increased by ammoniation and significant(p≤ 0.05) increase was noted when the level of NH₃ was 5%. 3. Digestibility of DM increased sign ificantly(p≤0.05) when NH₃ treatment level was over 3%, while those of OM, NDF, GE over 2% and that of crude protein wash increased by and 2% NH₃ treatment, but not by over 3% of NH₃ treatment. 4. Digestibilities of DM, OM, NDF, GE slightly decreased at the NH₃ level of 5%. 5. Nitrogen retention increased significantly(p≤0.05) by ammoniation, while nitrogen retention rate increased until NH₃ treatment level of 3% but decreased when the NH₃ treatment level was over 3%. In conclusion, the NH₃ treatment increased rice straw consumption by sheep and improved digestibities of DM, NDF, crude protein and GE, thereby improving feed value. The optimum level of NH₃ treatment of rice straw seems to be 3-4% of rice straw on the basis of air-dried weight.
한우의 비육기간중 암모니아처리 볏짚 급여시 배합사료급여수준이 일당증체 사료섭취량 및 사료효율에 미치는 영향
신기준(K . J . Shin),이근상(G . S . Lee),백봉현(B . H . Paek),김강식(K . S . Kim) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.5
The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of feeding anhydrous ammonia treated rice straw (NH₃-RS) with two different levels of concentrate on daily gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency. Rice straw (RS) was treated with 30g NH₃/㎏ RS dry matter (DM). Fifteen heads of Korean native bulls were allotted to three groups (five animals/group) and fed the following diets: (1) RS+concentrate 2.0% (% of live body weight), (2) NH₃-RS + concentrate 1.5%, (3) NH₃-RS + concentrate 2.0% for 160 days, and RS and NH₃-RS were fed ad libitum. 1. There were no significant differences in daily gain among the bulls fed with RS + concentrate 2.0%, NH₃-AS + concentrate 1.5% and NH₃-RS + concentrate 2.0%. But bulls fed with NH₃-RS + concentrate 2.0% showed apparently increasing trends of daily gain compared with RS + concentrate 2.0% and NH₃-RS + concentrate 1.5% decreased slightly compared with NH₃-RS + concentrate 2.0%. 2. Rice straw consumption was significantly increased by anhydrous ammonia treatment but NH₃-RS consumption was not influenced by different concentrate level. 3. Concentrate was less required for unit body weight gain while rice straw was more required by feeding NH₃-RS.
한우 육성 및 비육기 영양수준이 발육 , 사료이용성 및 도체 조성에 미치는 영향
김강식(K . S . Kim),신기준(K . J . Shin),백봉현(B . H . Paek),김용곤(Y . G . Kim),이근상(G . S . Lee),권순기(S . K . Kwon) 한국축산학회 1987 한국축산학회지 Vol.29 No.4
To evaluate the effect of feeding level on daily gain, feed efficiency and carcass composition, high (H: DCP and TDN was supplied for 1.1㎏ daily gain × 1.1) and low (L: DCP and TDN was supplied for 0.6㎏ daily gain × 1.1) level nutrient were fed to each 12 heads of Korean native bulls (KNB) for the 1st period (body weight from about 120㎏ to 300㎏), and thereafter during 2nd period 12 heads were devided into two groups and fed with H and L-feeding level until animals weighted about 500㎏. 1. Daily gain was significantly increased (P$lt;0.05) and the feeding period was significantly decreased when fed with H level. Shifting feeding level (H→L or L→H) did not affect the daily gain during whole period although there was a trend that H level during 1st period was more efficient than L level. 2. Dry matter intake was higher with H level than with L level. 3. DCP efficiency was better when fed with L level. The efficiency of L→H level was lower than that of H→L level during whole period but was better than that of H→H level during the early phase of 2nd period. 4. TDN efficiency was not influenced by the feeding level. However, TDN efficiency of H group was slightly better than that of L group during the 1st period. 5. Dressing percentage was significantly increased when fed with H level during the 2nd period. Fat content was significantly increased when fed with H→H level, while there was no significant differences among H→L, L→H, L→L feeding levels. There was no significant differences in retailed cuts between the feeding levels. 6. Carcass price was higher and feed cost was lower when fed with L level during the 2nd period. The monthly income per head was higher when fed with H level during the 1st period, although there was no big differences between H→H and L→H feeding level.
알팔파의 사료가치 연구 2 . 배합사료내 알팔파 펠렛의 혼합비율이 한우의 증체량과 사료이용성에 미치는 영향
김강식(K . S . Kim),신기준(K . J . Shin),백봉현(B . H . Baek),이근상(K . S . Lee) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.10
Alfalfa pellet(AP) was mixed at various levels(0, 10, 20 and 30% as ADM base) in the concentrate for the evaluation of effects on the performance of fattening bulls. Twenty Korean native bulls(KNB) were randomly allotted to four treatments: l) concentrate + 0% AP, 2) concentrate + 10% AP, 3) concentrate + 20% AP, 4) concentrate + 30% AP, five heads(replicates) per treatment. After substitution of alfalfa pellet for mainly corn, crude protein and TDN of each experimental concentrate was almost equalized by the supplements of urea and tallow except treatment(4). The amounts of concentrate offered daily was 2% of body weight and rice straw was fed ad libitum except treatment(4), which limited to 0.5kg daily. After 150 days of feeding trial, carcass data were obtained. Results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Although not significant daily gain increased slightly by feeding concentrate + 20% AP but when fed concentrate + 30% AP daily gain was lower than that when fed concentrate + 20% AP and symptom of bloat was occationally found. 2. Carcass rate increased significantly(p $lt;0.05) by feeding concentrate + 10% AP, but there was no significant differences among the treatments of alfalfa pellet mixed to different levels. Rate of retailed cuts showed no significant differences among the treatments. 3. There were no significant differences of concentrate and roughage daily consumption among the treatments. 4. There were not significant differences in required concentrate, rice straw and crude protein amount per unit gain but there were decreasing trends in concentrate and crude protein requirements when fed concentrate + 20% AP. TDN requirement decreased slightly when the level of alfalfa pellet mixed in concentrate increased, but the significant difference was noted when fed concentrate + 30% AP(p $lt;0.05). 5. Concentrate price increased as the level of alfalfa pellet mixed in concentrate increased but the incomes from feeding the concentrate mixed with alfalfa pellet increased until that level increased to 20%.