인터넷으로 시행한 벡 우울 척도 2판의 신뢰도와 타당도 : 대학생을 대상으로

송열매,이혜경,김준원,이건석 대한신경정신의학회 2012 신경정신의학 Vol.51 No.6

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-2) via the internet. Methods Participants included 1967 students of a university. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test whether the factor structure of the BDI-2. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating the scores on the BDI-2 with those on other scales. Results Two-week test-retest reliability was high (r=0.84) and internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s α=0.882). The BDI-2 showed a good criterion validity with strong correlation with Patient health questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Factor structure of the BDI-2 was established using the three-factor structure, which explained 43% of the total variance. Conclusion The results of the current study indicate that the BDI-2 is an effective and valid scale for evaluation of depression among Korean university students. The findings suggest that the BDI-2 is a promising assessment tool for use in depression and study of depression via the internet. 인터넷으로 시행한 BDI-2는 만족할만한 내적 일관성과높은 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 보였다. 또한 PHQ-9등의 다른 우울척도와도 유의미한 공존 타당도를 나타내어 우울증을선별하고 평가하는 데 있어서 지필검사와 동등한 신뢰도와타당도가 입증되었다. 이러한 결과가 앞으로 일반인을 대상으로 한 우울증 선별 검사와 우울증 관련 연구에 효과적으로사용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

인터넷 중독 임상군의 심리사회적 특성과 인터넷 중독 영향요인에 대한 융합 연구

송열매,김선아 한국융합학회 2018 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.9 No.7

본 연구는 정신의료기관에 방문하여 치료를 받고 있는 인터넷 중독 임상군의 심리사회적 특성과 인터넷 중독과 관련된 영향요인을 규명하기 위해 2차 분석을 실시한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 연구대상자는 일 정신의료기관에 인터넷 중독으로 진단 및 치료를 받은 63명으로 전자의무기록을 확인하여 자료를 수집하였다. 전자의무기록에는 인터넷 중독 정도, 불안, 우울, 충동성, 주의력결핍과잉행동장애 정도, 사회연결망 정도를 측정하는 척도가 포함되어 있어 이를 이용하였다. 연구결과, 인터넷 중독 정도는 하루 인터넷 사용시간, 불안, 충동성, 주의력결핍과잉행동장애 증상과 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며, 인터넷 중독 정도의 영향요인은 주의력결핍과잉행동 증상, 하루 인터넷 사용시간, 충동성으로 나타났고, 총 설명력은 44%이었다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 인터넷 중독 임상군이 겪고 있는 심리사회적 어려움을 치료에 반영하고, 주의력결핍과잉행동장애 임상군에게 적절한 인터넷 사용 교육이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and the attributes related to Internet use in patients with Internet addiction. This study is a descriptive secondary analysis study, at Internet addiction clinics used the data of 63 patients diagnosed with Internet addiction. Data were obtained from Internet addiction clinic Electronic Medical Records(EMR), there was included the Korean Internet addiction scale(K-scale), Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Barratt Impulsivity scale(BIS), Conners ADHD Rating Scale(CAARS), Lubben Social Network Scale(LSNS). K-scale had significantly correlations with Internet use time per day, anxiety, impulsivity, Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) symptom. In stepwise multiple regression, factors significantly affecting ADHD symptom (β=.37), Internet use time per day(β=.29), Impulsivity(β=.25), which accounted for 44% of the variance. Results indicate that patients with Internet addiction had psychological difficulties and suggest that children with ADHD needed to intervention for appropriate internet use.

학교폭력 가해 아동·청소년을 위한 중재의 통합적 문헌고찰

송열매,송문주,김선아 한국정신간호학회 2018 정신간호학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Purpose: This study was intended to integrate the evidence of intervention for child and adolescent perpetrators of school violence through an integrative literature review. Methods: Using combinations of the terms ‘bullying’, ‘school violence’, and ‘intervention’ as key words, the researchers searched eight electronic databases for relevant studies. Fifteen studies were selected through full-text screening of related research published in academic journals before June 2018. The framework was used to identify the selected studies’ intervention patterns and classify the various intervention components. The extracted intervention components were grouped into potential themes to determine whether the researchers clearly showed the interventions in the studies. Results: The intervention components of 15 selected studies were categorized into five themes: 1) Utilizing intervention techniques for voluntary participation, 2) Enhancing self-awareness, 3) Strategies to improve emotional intelligence, 4) Promoting interpersonal skills, and 5) Emphasis on responsibility through future vision experience. Conclusion: As a result of analyzing interventions for children and adolescent perpetrators of school violence, five components were derived. It is suggested that these components should be considered in the field, and intervention programs development and research using them are needed.

학교폭력 가해 청소년의 가해 경험에 대한 융합 연구

송열매 한국융합학회 2019 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study is to explore and deeply understand the essence and meaning of the bullying experiences of school bullies. Data were collected through in-depth dividual interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi phenomenological analysis methodology. Participants of this study were 16 adolescents with compulsory education due to school bullying. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews from May to August, 2018. The results of the analysis were derived from 13 theme clusters and 5 categories, focusing on causes of school bullying, factors contributing bullying, and experiences after bullying. Bullying experienced by school bullies were categorized as followed: 'Difficult to empathize with others', 'Uncontrolled anger behavior', 'No hope for the future'. 'Gain from bullying', and 'Difficulty of daily life'. The results of this study are significant in providing basic data to provide practical help and support to school bullies. 본 연구의 목적은 학교폭력 가해 청소년의 가해 경험에 대한 본질과 의미를 탐색하고 깊이 있게 이해하는 것이다. 자료는 심층적인 면담을 통해 수집하였고, Colaizzi의 현상학적 분석 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구 참여자는 학교폭력으로 인해 특별교육을 받고 있는 청소년 16명을 대상으로 하였으며, 자료수집은 2018년 5월부터 8월까지 심층면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 분석결과는 학교폭력의 원인과 지속하게 하는 요인, 사건 이후의 경험을 중심으로 13개의 주제모음과 5개의 범주로 구조화되었다. 5개의 범주는 ‘타인을 공감하기 어려움’, ‘통제되지 않는 분노행동’, ‘미래에 대한 희망이 없음’. ‘폭력을 통해 이득을 얻음’. ‘일상이 주는 어려움’으로 구성되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 학교폭력 가해 청소년에게 실질적인 도움과 지원을 마련하기 위한 기초자료를 제공한 것에 의의가 있다.

온라인 기반 정신간호학실습 교육이 사회정서적 역량, 정신간호역량, 학습 자기효능감, 전이동기, 사회적 거리감에 미치는 효과: 온라인 러닝과 블렌디드 러닝 비교 중심으로

송열매 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.11

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of online and blended learning psychiatric and mental health nursing practice program on the social and emotional competence, mental health nursing competence, learning self-efficacy, transfer intention, and social distance among nursing students. Methods A quasi-experimental study with nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design. The 117 nursing students participated in this study from October to December 2020. For data collection, a structured self-report questionnaire was collected using Google's online survey method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, independent t-test with the IBM SPSS 25.0 program. online and blended learning psychiatric and mental health nursing practice program was configured to operate intensively for 8 hours a day, for a total of 10 days, and consisted of the same purpose and contents. The main contents consisted of self-understanding, observation of psychiatric environment and symptoms, interview techniques, simulations, nursing process. Online learning was conducted using video lectures, video discussions, and virtual reality simulations in a non-contact situation, whereas blended learning was conducted online with video lectures and simulations, and some were conducted face-to-face meetings and team learning on classroom. Results There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups, but in the group to which blended learning was applied, the empathy and self-esteem increased significantly compared to before the program, and in the group to which online learning was applied, the learning self-efficacy was significantly higher than before the program. Conclusions Through the results of this study, the effects and characteristics of the Psychiatric and mental health nursing practice education program applying online and blended learning could be confirmed. This can be used as a basis for further research and implementation of psychiatric and mental health nursing practice training that will be applied in place of clinical practice in the future education field 목적 본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 정신간호학실습 프로그램을 온라인 러닝과 블렌디드 러닝으로 적용하여 사회정서적 역량, 정신간호역량, 학습 자기효능감, 전이동기, 정신장애인에 대한 사회적 거리감에 미치는 효과를 확인하고 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 방법 117명의 간호학과 3학년 학생을 대상으로 실시한 비동등성 대조군 사전⋅사후 유사 실험연구이다. 자료수집은 2020년 10월부터 12월까지 자가보고 설문을 온라인 서베이 방식을 이용하여 수행하였다. 자료분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 프로그램을이용하였고, Paired t-test, Independent t-test로 분석하였다. 온라인 및 블렌디드 러닝 정신간호학실습 교육 프로그램은 총10일 동안 집중적으로 운영하였으며, 동일한 실습 목적과 내용으로 구성하여 진행하였다. 주요내용은 자기이해, 정신의료환경 및이상행동 관찰, 면담기법, 시뮬레이션, 간호과정으로 이루어졌으며, 온라인 러닝은 전면 비접촉 상황에서 동영상 강의, 화상토의, 가상현실 시뮬레이션을 활용하여 진행하였고, 블렌디드 러닝은 동영상 강의 및 가상현실 시뮬레이션은 온라인으로, 집담회 및 팀학습은 교실수업으로 진행하였다. 결과 프로그램 적용 후 두 집단 모두에서 사회정서적 역량(사회적 유능성, 정서조절), 정신간호영역이 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었고, 사회적 거리감이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 두 집단 간의 유의한 통계적 차이는 없었으나 블렌디드 러닝을 적용한 집단에서는 공감, 자아존중감이 프로그램 전보다 유의한 상승이 나타났고, 온라인 러닝을 적용한 집단에서는 프로그램전보다 학습 자기효능감이 유의하게 상승하였다. 결론 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 온라인과 블렌디드 러닝 형태로 적용한 정신간호학실습 교육 프로그램의 효과 및 특성을 확인할 수있었다. 이는 추후 교육현장에서 임상실습을 대체하여 적용할 정신간호학실습교육의 실행과 후속 연구의 근거자료로 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 주제어 코로나19, 온라인, 블렌디드 러닝, 정신간호학실습

온라인 정신간호학실습 교육이 사회정서적 역량, 의사소통 자기효능감, 의사소통능력에 미치는 효과

송열매(Song, Yul-mai) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.19

본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 온라인 정신간호학실습 교육 프로그램을 적용하여 사회정서적 역량, 의사소통 자기효능감, 의사소통능력에 미치는 효과를 분석하기 위한 단일군 전-후 원시실험설계 연구이다. 연구대상자는 총 118명의 간호학과 3학년 학생으로 자료수집은 2020년 5월부터 7월까지 자가보고 설문을 온라인 서베이 방식을 이용하여 비접촉 상태에서 수행하였다. 자료분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 대상자의 일반적 특성은 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차를 구하였고, 실험처치의 효과를 확인하기 위한 가설검정은 Paired t-test로 분석하였다. 연구에서 사용된 온라인 정신간호학실습 교육 프로그램은 하루 8시간, 총 10일 동안 집중적으로 운영하도록 구성하였으며, 전면 비접촉 상황에서 동영상 강의, 화상토의, 환청시뮬레이션, 가상현실 시뮬레이션, 영상콘텐츠를 활용한 간접적 정신상태평가, 치료적 의사소통 실습, 성찰적 글쓰기 등의 내용을 포함하였다. 온라인 정신간호학실습 교육 프로그램 적용 후 사회정서적 역량(사회적 유능성, 정서조절, 공감)이 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었고, 의사소통 자기효능감(구체적 의사소통 기술, 어려운 환자의 행동 다루기), 의사소통 능력(자기제시능력, 목표설정능력, 메시지 전환능력) 또한 프로그램 적용 전에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 긍정적인 변화가 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 온라인 정신간호학실습 교육 프로그램의 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 추후 적용될 온라인 기반 실습교육과 후속 연구의 근거자료로 사용할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of online psychiatric and mental health nursing practice program on the social and emotional competence, counseling self-efficacy, and communication competence among nursing students. A quasi-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design. The 118 nursing students participated in this study from May 11 to July 3, 2020. For data collection, a structured self-report questionnaire was collected in a contactless state using Google s online survey method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test with the IBM SPSS 21.0 program. online psychiatric and mental health nursing practice program was configured to operate intensively for 8 hours a day, for a total of 10 days. Video lectures, web conferences, hallucination simulations, virtual reality simulations, indirect mental state evaluation using cinema contents. It included theraputic communication skills practice and reflective writing. The results showed that social and emotional competencies(social competence, emotional regulation, empathy) were statistically significantly improved after the program. In addition, there were statistically significant positive changes in counseling self-efficacy(microskills, dealing with difficult client behavior) and communication competence(self presentation ability, goal settings ability, message coding ability). Through the results of this study, it can be used as a basis for applying the online psychiatric and mental health nursing practice program.

아동기에 주의력결핍 과잉행동증상을 경험한 성인의 정신병리와 기질 성격 요인

송열매(Yul-Mai Song),이건석(Kounseok Lee),한덕현(Doug Hyun Han),이영식(Young Sik Lee),민경준(Kyung Joon Min),박진영(Jin Young Park),김준원(Jun Won Kim) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2013 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives:The objective of this study is to find out the differences in psychopathology, temperament, and character factors between young adults with and without childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods:The subjects consisted of 314 university students (male=72, female=242) in Gongju. They were divided into childhood ADHD group (N=54) and normal group (N=260) to the Wender-Utah Rating Scale. Participants were assessed using Korean Adult ADHD Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Kimberly Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Paranoia Scale, Korean-Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale, and Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square, spearman correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were applied to analyze the data. Results:Participants with childhood ADHD symptoms had high level of adult ADHD symptoms (p<.001), impulsiveness(p=.001), depression (p<.001), anxiety (p<.001), internet addiction (p<.001), paranoia tendency (p<.001) and low level of selfesteem (p<.001) compared to normal group. Self-directedness (p<.001) was lower, Harm avoidance (p=.001) and Self-transcendence (p=.029) were higher in the childhood ADHD group. In correlation and stepwise multiple regression, childhood ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with cooperativeness (r=-0.515 and β=-0.547, p<.001 respectively). Conclusion:This result showed that young adults with childhood ADHD symptoms had various forms of psychopathology and childhood ADHD symptoms were influenced by character such as cooperativeness. Therefore, more thorough evaluation regarding childhood ADHD symptoms is needed.

The Relationship between Personality, Sense of Efficacy, and Stress in Korean Teachers

박수빈,송열매,guy-nueo ko,정경운,하규섭,이영렬,김예니 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.5

Several studies have linked teachers’ personality characteristics and sense of efficacy to stress. However, investigating the relationship between these three constructs in this context was limited. This study aims to investigate the relationship between personality, sense of efficacy and perceived stress among Korean teachers. A total of 137 teachers working in elementary, middle, and high schools located in Seoul, South Korea were recruited for the study. The participants were administered Temperament and Character Inventory, Teacher’s Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES), and Perceived Stress Scale. The TSES was negatively correlated with harm avoidance and positively correlated with persistence, self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. Perceived stress was positively correlated with harm avoidance and negatively correlated with persistence and self-directedness. The path analysis showed that harm avoidance directly predicted perceived stress (β=0.37, 95% CI=0.21–0.53, p=0.002), and self-directedness and persistence predicted one’s sense of efficacy (β=0.18, 95% CI=0.01–0.39 and β=0.31, 95% CI=0.10–0.47), which predicted perceived stress (β=-0.21, 95% CI=-0.39 to -0.02). The results of the present study indicate that harm avoidance might be associated with stress-proneness, while persistence, self-directedness, and sense of efficacy might act as protective resources against stress in Korean teachers.

한국어판 사법정신질환자에 대한 간호사의 태도 측정도구의 타당도와 신뢰도 검증

송문주,송열매,한금선 한국정신간호학회 2022 정신간호학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Purpose: To translate the Korean version of Nurses' Attitudes Towards the Forensic Psychiatric Patients Scale (NAFPPS-K) into Korean and to test validity and reliability as well. Methods: Participants were 275 psychiatric nurses in South Korea who completed the self-reported online survey of the NAFPPS-K. Twenty-five items were used for item analyses, exploratory factor analyses, and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as for examining internal consistency. Results: The four factors of “Concerns about Recidivism (seven items)”, “Social Distance (four items)”, “Burden of Providing Care (four items)” and “Willingness to Provide Care (four items)” were identified based on the results of item reduction and exploratory factor analyses. Theses factors accounted for 58.1% of the total vari- ance of the NAFPPS-K. Fitness of the modified mode was acceptable (x2=331.56, CFI=.92, TLI=.91, GFI=.89, RMSEA=.07). Cronbach’s ⍺ of the 19 items was .83. Conclusion: This study identifies the validity and reliability of the NAFPPS-K. Four factors of the NAFPPS-K may be useful in evaluating the nurses' attitude for forensic psychiatric patients.

Alcohol cue Reactivity Decreased Visual Attention Task Performance associated with Alcohol Use Disorder

김현진,김준원,송열매,이재원 한국중독정신의학회 2019 중독정신의학 Vol.23 No.1

Objectives : Alcohol cue-reactivity is known to play an important role in alcohol dependence relapse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the alcohol cue-reactivity on alcohol dependent patients and its effects on interpersonal relationships and socialization. Methods : This study involved thirty alcohol-dependent patients and thirty-one normal control subjects who were age and gender matched. We employed an eye-tracking technique while the subjects performed visual tasks. We displayed both facial expression and alcohol-related pictures and examined the influence of alcohol visual stimuli on the perception and understanding of the specified facial expression. Results : We found out that alcohol-dependent patients experienced difficulty perceiving and understanding the different facial expressions, such as happiness, sadness, anger, and disgust. It was observed that both alcohol-dependent and control participants looked at the facial expression pictures for a longer period of time compared to the alcohol-related images. However, the alcohol-dependent patients tended to initially look at the alcohol related pictures more often than their counterparts in control group. Conclusion : We hypothesized that alcohol cue-reactivity may cause alcohol-dependent patients to crave alcohol visual stimuli and may interfere with the perception and understanding of facial expression, which are crucial for interpersonal relationships and socialization.