미국의 신선야채에서 미생물 저감 정책 동향

송미령 ( Mi Ryung Song ),박인희 ( In Hee Park ),이종경 ( Jong Kyung Lee ) 한국식품위생안전성학회 2011 Safe Food Vol.6 No.3

明 洪熙 · 宣德연간(1424~1435) ‘西洋’에 대한 정책 변화와 實相

송미령(Song, Mi-Ryung) 부산경남사학회 2016 역사와 경계 Vol.100 No.-

이 글은 15세기 초 明朝가 다른 나라들과 맺은 관계의 實相을 ‘西洋’에 대한 정책을 통해 검토하였다. 明代의 기록이나 正史를 보면, ‘四方의 諸夷’가 명에 朝貢을 한 것으로 기술하였고, 명조는 그러한 질서의 운영자로 그리고 있다. 그 여러 ‘夷’의 지역 중 하나가 ‘서양’이었다. 이 지역에 대한 정책 변화와 양상은, 명조가 구축했던 외교 관계의 한 면을 보여 주고 있다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 이에 이 글에서는 명초에 ‘서양’의 범주가 변화하는 양상을 살펴보았고, 이 시기에 확대된 서양은 명이 구축하고자 했던 질서 안에서 층위를 형성하고 있음을 설명하였다. 다시 말해서, 永樂帝때에는 ‘서양’의 범위가 확대되었고, 그 지역의 사절단이 명을 방문하는 것을 독려하였다. 그러나, 그 후계자인 洪熙帝와 宣德帝의 통치 기간에 ‘서양’으로의 항해는 중단되었고, 기존의 대외 정책에는 수정이 가해졌다. 이때에 이 정책 전환에 추진력이 되었던 것이 洪武帝의 祖訓이었다. 이것을 바탕으로 홍무 연간에 지향했던 질서를 복원하고자 하였다. 그러나, 明初에 구축했던 禮制를 중심으로 한 질서는 더 넓은 지역, 더 많은 나라의 ‘조공’이 필요했다. 그러한 필요성이 투영된 것이 선덕제가 다시 대규모 서양 항해단을 파견한 것이었다. 이때 방문국을 보면, 그나마 책봉-조공 관계를 수립했거나 교류가 있었던 동남아시아의 나라들 보다는 남아시아나 서남아시아, 아프리카의 나라들이 많다는 사실을 통해 확대된 ‘서양’의 범위만큼 조공의 임무를 부여해야할 番國도 증가한 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 시도는 지속성을 갖지 못했고, 홍희제 즉위부터 이후 40년의 조공국의 추이를 보면, 동남아시아의 몇몇 나라들만이 그 질서 안에 있었음을 확인할 수 있다. 이 글을 통해서 明朝가 ‘서양’의 여러 나라들과 맺었던 관계의 양상을 파악할 수 있을 것이다. This paper is an actual appearance of the early 15th century the Ming dynasty relations with other countries was signed through a policy review on ‘the Western Oceans’. In records of the Ming dynasty, implicit within the text were the ideas that the Chinese emperor has the divine right to rule the Chinese and Foreign countries. This paper is very important for understand on various types and levels of international relations in south East Asia and other area. Also this research was conceived to gain an accurate understanding of the true identity of the foreign states featured and shed light on the ideological principles and structures of China"s perception of foreign states as reflected in records of the Ming dynasty. This paper investigated the pattern of change in the category of ‘the Western Oceans’ in the early Ming dynasty. The concept was to extend the scope of ‘the Western Oceans’. This was not one that the international order of the Ming dynasty single show that has multiple layers inside. In other words, the scope of the ‘the Western Oceans’ is expanding when the Yongle emperor who reigned, he encouraged ‘the Western Oceans’ envoys were visiting the Ming Dynasty. However, the Hongxi emperor and the Xuande emperor were discontinued to sail to the ‘the Western Oceans’, foreign policy had to be modified. At this time, it was Huangming zuxun(Ancestral Injunctions of the August Ming) was the driving force in the transition to this policy. However, this order was in need of a tribute than many countries and wider area. Such a need was expressed that the Xuande emperor again dispatched a large ‘the Western Oceans’ envoys.

통근자의 통근행태에 영향을 미치는 요인

송미령(Song, Mi-Ryung) 대한국토·도시계획학회 1998 國土計劃 Vol.33 No.4

옹정년간 ( 1723 - 1735 ) 군기처의 성격 - 군기대신 분석을 중심으로 -

송미령(Mi Ryung Song) 이화여자대학교 사학회 1996 梨大史苑 Vol.29 No.-

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친환경농촌마을 도입의 도전과 장벽

송미령(Mi Ryung Song),장욱(Wook Chang) 한국지역개발학회 2001 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.13 No.3

이 글의 목적은 친환경 농촌마을 도입의 필요와 한계를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 친환경농촌마을 도입의 이유를 이론적으로 검토하고, 우리나라 일반 농촌마을의 특성을 사회경제적, 물리적, 생태적 측면에 초점을 맞추어 검토하였으며, 친환경 농촌마을 도입을 위한 다양한 시도와 노력들을 소개하였다. 특히 친환경 농촌마을을 정책적으로 도입하는데 준거의 틀로 삼아야 할 행동과 설계 원리로서 생태적 효과성 및 생태적 효율성의 개념을 제시하였다.

청(淸) 건륭제(乾隆帝)의 황위(皇位) 계승자 결정과 훈정(訓政)

宋美玲 ( Song Mi-ryung ) 명청사학회 2020 명청사연구 Vol.0 No.53

Based on how the Emperor Qianlong's succession was determined and how he operated politics after he declared his retirement, the study aims to clarify how Qing Dynasty's succession of succession was transformed. Furthermore, I would like to understand what kind of status the Emperor Qianlong had as the Emperor after the retirement. The Emperor Qianlong was the first emperor to take the throne according to the system created by the Emperor Yongzheng. However, he felt uncomfortable with the method, and the way he pursued was different from the Emperor Yongzheng’s. The Emperor Qianlong made a statement that he would transfer power after revealing who the heir was. The Emperor Qianlong used the successor decision to strengthen the emperor's power, which led to the Regent. When the Emperor Qianlong stepped down from the throne, he distinguished his role from his successor, and made regulations on it. However, the Emperor Qianlong was possessed and exercised more power than the emperor as the supreme abdicated emperor. Although the Emperor Qianlong did not plan this situation in 1778 or 1795, but it resulted in an extension of his reign. The succession of the Qing Dynasty changed from the agreement of the various Manchu nobles to the way the emperor named it. the Emperor Qianlong used a link between deciding a successor in secret and engaging in politics after abdication. The reason he didn't disclose his successor is partly to prevent bureaucrats from intervening in the issue and exerting influence. The Emperor Qianlong was more actively involved in the process of deciding heirs than any emperor of the Qing Dynasty. This was intended to intercede to the point where other emperors could not have any influence.

지역별 농촌 일자리 창출 방안

송미령(Mi-ryung Song),민자혜(Ja-hye Min),이동필 한국농촌경제연구원 2013 한국농촌경제연구원 정책연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

관광과 농촌 활성화: 기대와 현실 그리고 남은 문제

송미령(Song Mi-Ryung) 한국농어촌관광학회 2001 농어촌관광연구 Vol.8 No.2

The aim of this essay is to examine arguments for community based rural tourism developments, barriers in developing community based rural tourism, and some practical issues in detail. For this, First, the potential role of tourism development for rural development will be considered in order to gain some insights. Secondly, various efforts in Korea at promoting the rural tourism, the current state and its problem will be discussed. Then, using a analysis of a series of rural tourism development policies and cases, a number of potential contributions rural tourism is expected to make to rural developments will be reviewed. Finally. a series of rural tourism development model that must be in place, and preconditions that must be satisfied will be discussed.

淸 中期 皇族의 관직임용 樣相과 특징

송미령(Song, mi-ryung) 부산경남사학회 2017 역사와 경계 Vol.103 No.-

이 글은 康熙연간(1662~1722)부터 道光연간(1821~1850)에 이르는 200년에 가까운 시간 동안 皇族들의 관직임용양상을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 淸朝에서는 황족에게 爵位를 주고 分封을 하였지만 실질적인 권한은 주지 않는 엄격한 관리를 하였다. 17세기 초반 누르하치(Nurhaci, 努爾哈赤) 一家는 통치자의 동업자로 시작하였기 때문에 상당한 위상을 지녔다. 강희제 중반 이후 황제 일인으로 권력이 집중되는 체제가 자리잡은 후에 황족들은 관료 조직 안에서 어떤 모습으로 존재하였는지를 살펴보는 글이다. 지금까지 정치사 분야에서 황족에 대한 연구는 睿親王 도르곤(Dorgon, 多爾袞), 怡親王 윤상(Yūn siyang, 允祥), 恭親王 이힌(Ihin, 奕訢) 등과 같은 주요 인물들에 대한 연구이거나 議政王大臣會議의 위상 약화와 王公들의 영향력 감소에 주목하였다. 이에 이 글은 큰 존재감을 갖지 않았던 ‘평범한’ 황족들의 관직경력을 검토하여 어떤 경로로 관료사회에 진출하였는지를 살펴보았다. 동시에 이러한 황족의 관직임용이 명문화된 규정들과는 어떻게 연결되는지도 살피기 위해 『欽定大淸會典』과 『欽定大淸會典事例』의 관련 내용들을 검토하였다. 청 중기에 大學士, 軍機大臣, 6부 尙書, 都察院 左都御史, 理藩院尙書로 활약했던 이들의 관직경력을 검토한 결과, 筆帖式이나 侍衛 등의 관직을 통해서 관료사회로 진출하였다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 이렇게 황족을 임용하는 절차를 통해서 권력의 중심이 관리할 수 있는 존재로 변화하였다는 점을 확인하였다. This paper examined the appointment of members of the imperial family in the Mid-Qing period. The emperor gave the land and the title to the imperial family. But there was no real authority. In other words they had to live in Beijing and could not own the people. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Nurhachi family was a partner of the ruler. For that reason they had a high status. In the latter part of the Kangxi emperor’s reign, the emperor was able to take over the whole power. This article examines how the imperial family have become bureaucrats. In particular, this article focuses on the not-so-famous royalty. Many studies have focused on the reduction of the authority of Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers. And other studies were interested in the activities of figures such as Dorgon(多爾袞), Yunsiyang(允祥) and Ihin(奕訢). I also looked at the connection with the provisions of appointing the imperial family as bureaucracy. For this purpose, the provisions of the case of Daqinghuidian(大淸會典) and Daqinghuidianshili(大淸會典事例) were reviewed. Through this study, it was found that the imperial family was appointed as the Imperial bodyguard or bithesi(筆帖式) in the mid-Qing period. The imperial family had to prove their ability to the emperor like ordinary bureaucrats so that they could be promoted. Through this, we can see that the imperial family has changed into a controlled entity in the bureaucracy.

의지(懿旨)와 유지(諭旨), 19세기 전반 청조(淸朝) 황위(皇位) 계승(繼承)방식의 변용(變容)

宋美玲 ( Song¸ Mi-ryung ) 명청사학회 2021 명청사연구 Vol.- No.56

The purpose of this article is to analyze the succession process of the throne in the first half of the 19th century and to identify differences in the secretly deciding the heir to the emperor prepared by the emperor Yongzheng, and examine its meaning. In particular, I paid attention to the edict of an empress and another imperial edict. First, when the Emperor Daoguang ascended to the throne, he faced a chaotic situation, because he could not find the secret documents left by his father. The document was written by the emperor Jiaqing in the name of his successor. Due to the absence of documents, it was difficult to find justification for the emperor Daoguang to ascend the throne. For this reason, the Empress provided the justification by writing her edict. This is different from the original form made by the emperor Yongzheng. In the process, the empress's original political influence was revealed. Next, what I noticed in the process of Emperor Xianfeng's ascension was an edict that said his father would confer a title on his younger brother, Yi xin. This was different in both form and content from the original form of the secretly deciding the heir to the emperor. I hypothesized that the emperor Daoguang had prepared alternatives considering his son's age, political experience and capabilities. In the first half of the 19th century, the process of succession to the emperor in the Qing Dynasty was different and transformed into a style created by the emperor Yongzheng. The reason was that these changes were necessary in order to lead the enthronement of the next emperor and to maintain stable politics.