전남지역 일부 대학생 모발 중 수은 농도에 관한 연구

송미라,조태진,전혜리,김종오,손부순,Song, Mi-Ra,Cho, Tae-Jin,Jeon, Hye-Li,Kim, Jong-O,Son, Bu-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.4

This study analysed the mercury concentration in the hair of 62 students (male : 21, female : 41) of D university in Najusi, Jeon-Nam area. Also, questionnaire, which developed by NIES, were completed by the students. According to the questionnaire, most of the students had a higher intake of meat than that of fish. Also, among the students, there were many smokes and many had dental treatment with amalgam. Based on the gender, female showed 1.024 ${\mu}g/g$ and male showed 0.882 ${\mu}g/g$ of the mercury concentration. This means that female students had higher level of mercury in their hair, but it was not a significant statistic difference. Comparing by the intake frequency of meat, processed food stuffs, protein foods, it shows the more they at the higher mercury concentration was observed. According to the intake frequency of fish, when the number of times they intake increased, the mercury concentration was higher. Under one time was 0.857 ${\mu}g/g$ and twice or more times were 1.152 ${\mu}g/g$, which showed a significant statistical difference (p<0.05). Depending on the Life style, the mercury concentration in the hair was high with workout, outdoor activities, and direct smoking. The mercury concentration in the hair showed no difference for whether they received amalgam treatment but the personal dietary habit and the Living condition affects strongly on the mercury concentration level.

금연학교 교육프로그램이 청소년 흡연자의 흡연행위에 미치는 효과

송미라,김순례,Song, Mi-Ra,Kim, Soon-Lae 한국지역사회간호학회 2001 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.12 No.1

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a smoking cessation school program on attitudes towards smoking cessation, the subjective norm, perceived behavioral controls, the intent to cease smoking and smoking behavior. Also included was the goals of the program itself. Study subjects were 80 adolescent smokers who at least attended the smoking cessation school program without absence. had smoked one cigarette at the time of the first study before the program and attended the first. second. and third studies (The study was conducted from September 26. to December 21. 1999. a period of 59 days). Data collection was performed using the TPB questionnaire which was developed by Jee Yon-Ock(1994). The survey included questions covering the intended areas of study mentioned above. The first data was collected during the first day of the five day program. The second survey was conducted immediately after the last day of the program and the last survey was four weeks later. Data was analyzed with a SAS/PC program including N. %. a paired t-test. The results were as follows; 1. After the program. the scores representing attitude towards smoking cessation (before program: 14.5. after program: 16.8) and perceived behavioral control (before program: 1.2. after program: 2.1) rose significantly, but the scores for attitudes towards the subjective norm and the intent to cease smoking were not notably different. 2. After the program. the frequency of daily smoking fell significantly (before program: 5.7 cigarettes. after program: 3.2 cigarettes). In conclusion, the five day smoking cessation school program increased attitude. perceived behavioral control and decreased smoking behavior but did not influence subjective norm, smoking cessation intention. Thus, further study is required to better evaluate the effects of the program and to improve any shortcomings.

피부미용사의 근무환경, 직무환경, 직무량, 신체적 압박감이 근골격계의 통증에 미치는 영향

송미라(Mi Ra Song),모정희(Jeong Hee Mo) 한국인체예술학회 2011 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.12 No.2

This study aims to identify the influence of working environment, Job Environment, work quantity, feeling of Esthetician on their musculoskeletal system Diease. The subjects of the study were estheticians in Gwangju. The study results are presented as follows: First, the study examined the relations between work and working environment and musculoskeletal system and found that 122(62.9%) of the subjects answered regular job had influence on musculoskeletal system. Second, as a result of examining the influences of working environment, working quantity, working hours, and physical oppressive feeling on pain, it was discovered that working environment had no significant influence on pain on the musculoskeletal system (β=0.140, t=1.490, p>0.05), but working quantity and working hours(β=0.261, t=2.009, p<0.05), physically oppressive feeling (β=0.255, t=2.179, p<0.05) had significant influences on the musculoskeletal system.

실습지도교수와 간호사의 간호학생 임상실습지도 경험

송미라(Song Mi Ra),김인경(Kim In Kyung),김윤경(Kim Yun Kyung) 질적연구학회 2010 질적연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences in clinical practice, of clinical practice faculty and nurses who are responsible for instructing clinical practices, with a view of understanding various meanings and structures of their clinical practices. Methods: The method was the thematic analysis. The data were collected from one-to-one interviews with the clinical practice faculties and focus-group interviews with the nurses. Results: The analysis has derived a total of 7 core themes: 3 from clinical practice faculty such as "conditions which are not fit for the purpose are regretful," "the limits of practice advisors are recognized," "an instructor has responsibility, being devoted to guiding students" and 4 from nurses such as "a burdensome task has been taken over," "students are considered as future coworkers," "practice instructors are doing their best," and "there is lack of connection between the school and the hospital." Conclusion: This study has identified the similarities and differences in the thoughts of clinical practice faculty and nurses about their advices. To complement such thoughts, relevant information must be shared between the school and the hospital because the sharing will surely improve the effects of the clinical practices.

부모양육태도와 사회적지지가 자기주도학습능력에 미치는 영향: 기본 심리적 욕구 만족의 매개효과

송미라 ( Song Mi-ra ),권예지 ( Kwon Ye-ji ),김봉환 ( Kim Bong-whan ) 충남대학교 교육연구소 2017 교육연구논총 Vol.38 No.1

본 연구에서는 고등학생이 지각한 부모양육태도와 사회적지지가 자기주도학습능력에 미치는 영향에서 기본 심리적 욕구 만족의 매개효과를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 서울지역에 소재하는 5개 일반계 고등학교에 재학 중인 고등학생 494명으로부터 자료를 수집하였고, 수집된 자료는 구조 방정식 모형을 이용하여 자료를 분석하였으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모양육태도와 자기주도학습능력의 관계에서 부모양육태도는 자기주도학습능력에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 부모양육태도와 자기주도학습능력의 관계에서 기본 심리적 욕구 만족의 매개효과가 유의하다. 셋째, 사회적지지와 자기주도학습능력의 관계에서 사회적지지는 자기주도학습능력에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는다. 넷째, 사회적지지와 자기주도학습능력의 관계에서 기본심리욕구의 매개효과가 유의하다. 즉, 고등학생이 지각한 부모양육태도와 사회적지지는 기본 심리적 욕구 만족을 통해 자기주도학습능력에 직간접적으로 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과의 교육 및 상담적 의의와 함께 제한점 및 후속 연구에 대한 제안을 함께 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting attitudes and social support on high school students` self-directed learning ability and to investigate the mediating effect of psychological needs satisfaction. For that purpose, the data were collected from 494 general high school students and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The major findings of this research were as follows: First, parenting attitudes had a direct effect on the relation between parenting attitudes and self-directed learning ability. Second, basic psychological needs satisfaction had a significant mediating effect on the relation between parenting attitudes and self-directed learning ability. Third, social support had no direct effect on the relations between social support and self-directed learning ability. Fourth, basic psychological needs satisfaction had a significant mediating effect on the relation between social support and self-directed learning ability. Thus, parenting attitudes and social support perceived by general high school students have effects directly or indirectly on self-directed learning ability through basic psychological needs satisfaction. Based on these findings, implications for counseling practice and suggestions for follow-up study were discussed.

표준화된 간호진단 및 문제와 NANDA-I 교차분석: 4개 상급종합병원 사례를 중심으로

송미라 ( Song Mi Ra ),심소연 ( Shim So Yun ),김대성 ( Kim Dae Sung ),이경순 ( Lee Kyung Soon ),이유나 ( Lee Yu Na ),원미숙 ( Won Mi Suk ) 병원간호사회 2020 임상간호연구 Vol.26 No.3

Purpose: To explore the scope and method of applying standardized nursing terminologies to nursing diagnosis and problems used in nursing practice. Methods: A descriptive study was done with a retrospective analysis of the nursing records of 141,420 patients that were hospitalized in 4 tertiary hospitals. The nursing diagnosis and problems collected from the records were standardized, and the standardized nursing diagnosis and problems cross mapped with NANDA-I, confirmed in a nursing focus group. Results: 65 (67.7%) of the 96 standardized nursing diagnosis and problems were equal with NANDA-I and included in the 10 domains of NANDA-I. Among 86 nursing diagnosis and problems excluded from the cross mapping with NANDA-I, the 63 terms (73.3%) related to surgery/procedure were the most common. Conclusion: It is meaningful that multi-tertiary hospital nursing diagnosis and problems were standardized and cross mapping with standard nursing terminologies was performed. As for the method of applying standardized nursing terminologies in nursing practice, it is appropriate to use several standardized nursing terminologies complementarily.

일부 여성 미용종사자들의 근골격계 증상의 관련 요인

송미라(Mi Ra Song) 대한환경위생공학회 2006 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This study was designed to provide basic data on preventive plans by affecting factors that have analysed on musculoskeletal diseases. The survey were conducted from July 1 to 30, 2004 among 600 hair dressers working in Seoul and Gwangiu using self-administration questionnaire. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The pain experience rate of musculoskeletal diseases. in the last one yea was 55.2%. 35.7% of respondents answered they had pain on shoulders, 30.6% had pain on legs and feet, 28.9% had pain on waist, 26.8% had hands, fingers and wrist, 22.3% had pain on necks and 17.6% had pain arms and elbows more than disease on necks, shoulders, arms and elbows, hands, fingers and wrists, waist, shoulders legs and feet. The prevalence rate of the last week was 40.3%. The prevalence rate in each body parts of the last week was 23.3% on legs and feet, 21.2% on shoulders, 20.8% on waist, 14.9% on hands, fingers and wrists, 14.4% on necks, 9.3% on arms. The affecting factors on musculoskeletal disease index were analysed by multiple linear regression analysis. there are working posture(β=0.27); authority of task(β=0.18), self-conscious stress (β=0.16), age(β=0.14), physical burden from work(β=0.13), and task required(β=010). Determinant coefficients was 22.7%. Based on the results above, working posture, job stress and physical burden from task are highly related with pain. In order to prevent musculoskeletal disease of hairdressers, working posture shall be improved and leisure opportunities to relieve stress, and health management education shall be provided.

미용실 실내ㆍ외 공기오염물질 및 개인 노출 농도

송미라(Mi Ra Song),손부순(Bu Soon Son),김한식(Han Shik Kim),이진옥(Jin Ok Lee),나상오(Sang O Na),양원호(Won Ho Yang) 한국실내환경학회 2005 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.1 No.2

본 연구는 광주광역시에 소재한 미용실 20개소를 선정하여 미용실에 근무하고 있는 종사자 중 1명씩 총 20명의 대상자들에게 실내 환경의 특성과 농도와의 관계를 파악하기 위해 설문조사, VOCs와 PM₁?을 2003년 9월 1일부터 9월 30일까지 24시간 동안 측정하였다. 대상자의 일반적 특성, 미용실 실내환경에 관한 인식상황, 미용실 실내환경에 관한 사항, 미용실내ㆍ실외ㆍ개인노출에 대한 VOCs의 농도와 PM₁?의 농도와의 상관성을 비교 분석하였다. 미용실 실내공기질에 대한 종업원의 인식은 매우 높았으며, 설문지를 이용한 간접 건강영향으로 피곤함, 목과 눈의 아픔 등을 나타내었다. 김보경 (2000)의 선행연구에서 종업원의 증상호소율은 목이 아프다(50.0%), 머리가 아프다(46.7%)의 순으로 나타났는데, 본 연구에서는 목이 아픈 경우(70%), 머리가 아픈 경우(40%), 눈이 아프고 침침한 경우 (70%), 전신이 노곤한 경우(65%)가 좀 더 높게 나타났다. 그 원인으로 미용실 실내환경 내 사용하는 각종 화학물질과 미용실의 도로변 위치가 주된것으로 생각할 수 있었다. 주된 측정 대상 항목인 PM₁?과 VOCs 중 Toluene과 Xylene는 미용실 실내 공기가 미용사 개인노출에 주요 요인인 것으로 나타나 미용사뿐만 아니라 미용실 이용자에 대한 유해 공기오염물질의 노출방지 대책이 시급한 것으로 판단하였다. 이번 연구결과는 유기화합물(VOCs)의 경우는 개인노출농도로 실내, 실외농도의 영향을 받고 있었으며, 기존 연구결과와 일치하고 있다(손부순등, 2003). 이는 미용실에서 근무하는 종사자의 경우 VOCs 노출로부터의 영향을 줄이기 위해 실내환경에 대한 보다 많은 연구와 대책이 필요하다는 것을 제시하는 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구는 미용실을 대상으로 한 국내 최초의 VOCs 농도 측정결과라는 점에 의의가 있으며, 앞으로 미용실을 대상으로 한 유기화합물의 연구에 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다. The work of hairdressers includes washing, coloring, bleaching, permanent waving, conditioning, and cutting scalp hair. Hairdressers are subjected to a number of physical and toxicological hazards. The toxicological hazards are those resulting from exposure to a wide range of chemicals and from chemicals are usually classified active processes. In this study, twenty beauty shops were selected to assess the exposure to indoor air pollutants such as VOCs and particulate matter (PM₁?) during one month from September 1 to September 30, 2003. Indoor air quality of beauty shops might be worse by vehicle emissions because the beauty shops were generally located near roadway. Personal exposures to VOCs and PM₁? were related to indoor concentrations of beauty shops, respectively. According to questionnaire, hairdressers responded sore throat, eye irritation, and nervousness as health effect symptoms. Conclusively, users as well as workers in beauty shop might be highly exposed to air pollutants from indoor sources and outdoor sources. Therefore, proper methods should be prepared to improve the indoor air quality in beauty shop.

환경 및 유전적 요인이 여성의 탈모에 미치는 영향

송미라(Mi Ra Song),모정희(Jeong Hee Mo) 한국디자인문화학회 2010 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.16 No.3

생활수준의 향상으로 인해 미를 추구하는데 있어 모발의 대한 관심은 높아지는 반면 현대사회로 갈수록 스트레스, 다이어트와 영양 부족 또는 서구화된 식습관 등의 부작용으로 인해 여성탈모가 늘어나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 사회문제로 대두되고 있는 여성 탈모가 성격 및 심리상태, 스트레스정도, 생활습관 정도인 환경적 요소와 부모로 유전되는 선천적 요소와의 관련성을 조사하여 탈모에 대한 기초자료를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법은 광주와 광주를 제외한 인근지역에 거주하는 여성 353명을 대상으로 윤주화(2005), 왕혜자(2009), 조남춘(2005)의 선행연구의 설문 문항을 본 조사항목에 적합하도록 수정하여 타당도와 신뢰도 검증 후 본 연구에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 윈도우용 SPSS 11.0 통계 패키지를 이용해서 기술 통계 분석으로 교차분석(cross-tabulation analysis), T-TEST, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였고 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 탈모가 있는 경우 유전적이라는 응답이 80명(41.4%), 반면에 후천적이라는 응답이 65명(58.6%)으로 나타났고 탈모가 없는 경우에는 유전적이라는 응답이 18명(58.1%), 후천적이라는 응답이 13명(41.9%)로 나타나 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 건강상태와 탈모와의 관련성을 분석한 결과 건강상태와 탈모와의 관련성은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다(P〈0.05). 셋째, 성격 및 심리상태와 탈모와의 관련성을 분석한 결과는 외향적이거나 내성적, 다혈질인 경우보다 불안한 성격의 소유자나 기타 심리적으로 안정적인 못한 심리상태 78명(71.6%)인 경우에서 탈모가 많이 나타나 탈모와 관련성이 높음을 나타냈다(P〈0.01). 넷째, 생활습관 및 스트레스정도가 탈모에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 생활습관의 경우 술과 흡연(표준화된 β=0.170, t=2.356, p<0.05)이 많을 경우 탈모에 유의적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 스트레스 정도는 부정적 스트레스(표준화된 β=0.193, t=3.117, p<0.01)가 많을수록 탈모에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 여성 탈모의 원인은 선천적 요인이나 후천적 요인에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 반면 건강상태나 스트레스 정도, 성격이나 심리상태, 생활 습관이 여성탈모의 중요한 변인임을 알 수 있었다. These days, more women have had hair loss due to stress, diet, malnutrition and westernized eating habits while more attention has been given on hair for aesthetical purpose. Therefore, this study aims to present basic data on hair loss by analysing the relations between hair loss and environmental elements such as main living space, personality, psychological state, stress level, and lifestyle; and between hair loss and innate elements inherited from parents. For the purpose, this study revised the questionnaire of previous studies developed by Yoon, Ju Hwa(2005), Wang, Hye Ja(2009) and Jo, Nam Chon(2005) and demonstrated its validity and confidence. Then it was used for the study targeting 353 women living in Gwangju and its adjacent areas. For the analyses of the data collected, this study carried a cross-tabulation analysis, a T-TEST, and a multi-regression analysis with uses of SPSS 11.0 and the results are presented as follows:First, there was no statistically significant difference, with 80 people (41.4%) responding that their hair loss was hereditary, while 65 (58.6%) responded that it was acquired. Second, as a result of analyzing the relation between health and hair loss, there was higher relevance with hair loss (P〈0.05). Third, as a result of analyzing the relations between psychological state and hair loss, more hair loss was found to those with anxious personality or other psychologically unstable state (78 people, 71.6%) than those with outgoing, introverted, or quick-tempered personalities (P〈0.01). Fourth, as a result of analyzing the effect of lifestyle and stress level on hair loss, lifestyle had a significant effect on hair loss if consumption of alcohol and cigarettes(standardized β value=0.170, t value=2.356, p<0.05) was high, and stress level had a significant effect on hair loss if there was more negative stress (standardized β value=0.193, t value=3.117, p<0.01). Finally, in respect to hair loss of women, there was no significant difference between innate and acquired factors. However, it was discovered that health, stress level, personality, psychological state and lifestyle were important factors to hair loss of women.

일부 미용 전공 학생의 헤어스타일과 성격의 관련성에 관한 연구

송미라(Mi-Ra Song),이재란(Jae-Ran Lee) 대한환경위생공학회 2003 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.18 No.2

This study was designed to identify the relationship between general characteristics and personalities of college students majoring in beauty art. For this, 286 female students from two colleges in Kwangju were interviewed using a questionnaire pertaining to their general characteristics, hair-style and personality from September 20 through 30, 2001. A x 2 - test was implemented to identify the relationship between hair-style, personality and other variables. The results are summarized as follows:<br/> <br/> 1. To define characteristics in relation with hair-style, how students decide their hair-style was examined and, as a result, it was reportedthat 80.8% of targeted students decided by themselves and 19.2% decided by others' suggestions.<br/> 2. It is reported that there was no statistically significant relationship among socio-demographic characteristics such as the length of hair, grades, allowances, religion, satisfaction of campus life, and characteristics relating to hair-style such as accessories, mood, shape of face, decision of hair-style, and texture of hair.<br/> 3. Their preference of perm type had a statistically significant relationship with their allowance, religion and accessories, but not with their grades, satisfaction of campus life, mood, shape of face, hair-style, and texture of hair.<br/> 4. Dye and bleach had a statistically significant relationship with the texture of hair, but not.with socio-demographic characteristics and accessories, mood, shape of face and decision of hair-style.<br/> 5. Personality of tenacity, extroversion and introversion, emotion and falsehood had no<br/> statistically significant relationship with hair-style.<br/> Finally, it was proven that strength, extroversion and introversion, emotion and falsehood had no statistically significant relationship with hair-style. More studies to identify personal tendencies that may affect hair-style are necessary.<br/> Finally, it was proven that strength, extroversion and introversion, emotion and falsehood had no statistically significant relationship with hair-style. More studies to identify personal tendencies that may affect hair-style are necessary.