본원에 내원한 선천성 구순구개열 환자에 대한 역학적 연구

손형민,김원경,최수형,김현종,임재석,장현석,권종진 대한구순구개열학회 1998 대한구순구개열학회지 Vol.1 No.2

Clefts of lip and palate are most common congenital deformity to affect the orofacial region. Cleft lip and palate can be classified into the cleft of primary palate involving lip, alveolus, and premaxilla and the cleft of secondary palate involving hard palate and soft palate. Causative machanism of cleft lip and palate is not completely understood, however genetic and environmental factor are considered. Lots of epidemiologic surveys and family studies have been extensively done about incidence, racial influence, sex ratio. parent age and genetic factor in these deformities. These researches are Useful to dissolve many problems in prevention and treatment of cleft lip and palate. We performed epidemiologic survey of cleft lip and/or palate who visited the department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, Guro Hospital of Korea University from 1995 to 1998

하악구치부 유리단결손의 임플란트 수복에 관한 임상적 연구

손형민,오화선,임재석 고려대학교 임프란트 연구소 2000 임프란트연구지 Vol.2 No.1

Many long-term study have demonstrated the successful use of osseointegrated implants to replace posterior teeth in the partially dentate patients. Implant were recently selected as the treatment of the choice for this population, instead of the previous resolves for the shortened dental arch (removable partial dentures, single or multiple cantilevers, or continued premolar occlusion). Advantages of patients with implant-supported prosthesis included an improved masticatory apparatus, reduced stress on the remaining anterior segments of the dentition, esthetics, comfort, and psychological benefits etc. But, there are many obstacle to implant placement in posterior mandible. The shape, quantity, and quality of bone in the mandible as anatomicla limitation and heavy occlusal force as mechanical disadvantage are significant factors in deciding which implant options possible. Consideration of these factors is necessary for the successful diagnosis and implant treatment of partially edentulous arches. PURPOSE : The purpose of this retrospective longitudinal study is to evaluate the long-term outcome, determinants of outcome, and the type and prevalance of prosthetic complications in the series of the patients treated with implants in the partially edentulous posterior mandible. MATERIAL AND METHODS : A total of 107 consecutively placed implants were inserted in 38 partially edentulous patients and restored with single-tooth and fixed partial dentures restoration at Korea University Guro-hospital from April 1991 to December 1999. The patients ranged in age from 22 to 72 years, and 54% were female. We analysed statistically long-term outcome according to type. RESULTS : The results were as follows : 1. The overall outcome showed an implant success rate of 97.2% in posterior partially edentulous mandible 2. In the proportion of the fixture length ; 10mm (22.4%), 11.5-12.0mm (19.6%), 13.0mm (19.6%) fixture were respectively predominant in order. In the proportion of the fixture width ; 3.75mm (47.7%), 5.0mm (36.4%) were predominant in order. 3. According to surface types of fixture, success rate were pure titanium 95.9%, TPS coating 100%, HA coating 100%. 4. A total of the 107 implants showed 20 complications (18.7%) the most common complications (7cases) was loosening of the abutment screw and gold screw. 5. Prosthetic complications with regard to fixture number showed higher prevalence one implant (30%) two implant (12.9%), three implant (11.1%) in order. 6. According to the prosthetic type, complications of screw type were 10 cases and cementation type were 4 cases. CONCLUSION : This study offers efficacious results of implant supported fixed prostheses as an alternative to traditional prostheses in patients with posterior partial edentulism. Therefore, we think that implant prosthesis is a relatively safe and predictable method for restoring partially posterior edentulous areas.

옥상녹화시스템 적용 식물 특성에 따른 건물 냉난방 에너지 저감량 분석

손형민,박동윤 한국생태환경건축학회 2022 한국생태환경건축학회 논문집 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of green roof plants on the heating and cooling energy reduction in a building. Plant height, leaf area index, leaf reflectivity, leaf emissivity, and minimum stomatal resistances were selected as major variables of the green roof plants. Method: A single building of 85m2 was modeled by Design Builder based on Energy Plus, then heating and cooling energy conservation was analyzed as a green roof was applied. Result: The main simulation results are as follows. As 90cm height plant was applied, 263kWh of heating energy was reduced, which was higher than cooling energy reduction. Thus it is reasonable to select the height of plants in consideration of heating energy. As the leaf area index increased from 1 to 5, the amount of reduction in heating energy decreased by 15.9%, but the amount of reduction in cooling energy increased. As the leaf reflectance and emissivity increased, the amount of reduction in heating energy through the green roof decreased while the amount of reduction in cooling energy increased. As minimum stomatal resistance increased from 50 to 300s/m, the amount of reduction in heating energy was increased by 11%, but the amount of cooling energy reduction was insignificant compared to the amount of heating energy reduction.

온도변화에 따른 알루미나 시멘트 상전이에 의한 공극 변화 특성에 관한 개요

손형민(Son, Hyeong Min),김하연(Kim, Ha Yeon),서준호(Seo, Joon Ho),이행기(Lee, Haeng Ki) 한국콘크리트학회 2018 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.30 No.1

OECD 모델조세조약상 개인인 이중거주자의 거주지 판단기준(tie-breaker rule) - 대법원 2019. 3. 14. 선고 2018두60847 판결을 중심으로 -

손형민(Hyungmin Son) 한국국제조세협회 2020 조세학술논집 Vol.36 No.1

OECD 모델조세조약 제4조 제2항은 개인이 양 체약국의 법령에 의하여 양 체약국의 거주자가 되는 경우, 중복과세를 방지하기 위하여 한 국가의 거주자로 간주할 수 있는 거주지 판단기준(tie-breaker rule)을 규정하고 있다. OECD 모델조세 조약은 항구적 주거, 중대한 이해관계의 중심지, 일상적 거소, 국적, 상호합의를 순차적으로 판단하여 개인인 이중거주자의 거주지를 정하고 있다. 최근 선고된 대법원 2019. 3. 14. 선고 2018두60847 판결은 OECD 모델조세조약 제4조 제2항과 내용이 같은 한ㆍ일 조세조약 제4조 제2항을 적용하여 한국 국적의 축구선수가 일본 프로 구단과 계약을 체결하고 활동하는 경우, 구체적 사정을 고려하여 중대한 이해관계의 중심지가 한국이 아닌 일본에 있다고 판시하였다. 위 대법원 판결과 마찬가지로 대부분의 국내 하급심 판결은 항구적 주거(제1순위)가 양 체약국에 있다고 인정하고 중대한 이해관계의 중심지(제2순위)를 통해 거주지를 판단하고 있어 일상적 거소(제3순위)와 국적(제4순위)을 명시적인 고려 요소로 판단하지 않고 있다. 그러나 동시에 대부분의 판결은 일상적 거소의 주요 판단 요소인 체류기간을, 일부 판결은 국적을 각 중대한 이해관계의 중심지 판단을 위한 구체적인 사정으로 고려하였다. 체류기간은 거주지 판단기준의 항구적 주거(제1순위)에 비하여 직관적이고 명확하며 조세회피 가능성이 적은 편이고, 더 오래 체류한 국가가 과세관할권을 갖는 것이 개인의 연고를 보다 더 반영하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 국적 또한 국가의 보호와 혜택에 대한 대가적 관점에서 거주지 판단 시 고려할 필요가 있고, 항구적 주거에 비하면 조세회피 가능성이 상대적으로 크지 않을 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 이론적으로 현재의 OECD 모델조세조약 제4조 제2항에서는 체류기간과 국적을 제3순위 이하에서 규정하므로, 중대한 이해관계의 중심지(제2순위) 판단을 위한 주요 고려 요소가 될 수 없다는 문제가 있다. 합리적인 거주지 판단을 위하여 OECD 모델조세조약 제4조 제2항은 이중거주자의 거주지를 항구적 주거부터 상호합의까지 단계별로 판단하는 것이 아니라, 각 요소를 종합적으로 고려하여 판단하도록 개정될 필요가 있다. 다만 실효적 관점에서는 최소한 모델조세조약의 주석에 체류기간과 국적을 중대한 이해관계의 중심지의 고려 요소로 명시할 필요가 있다. 이 경우 납세의무자의 법적안정성 및 예측 가능성을 확보하고 국가 간 통일적 해석을 위하여 상대적으로 보다 중요한 판단요소를 선정하여 모델조세조약이나 그 주석에 반영하는 것도 하나의 방법이다. Article 4 (2) of the OECD Model Tax Convention sets out the tie-breaker rule that, when an individual becomes a resident of two Contracting States under the laws of both Contracting States, the individual could be regarded as a resident of one country in order to prevent double taxation. The OECD Model Tax Convention determines the residence of an individual resident of two Contracting States by sequentially assessing the resident’s permanent home, centre of vital interests, habitual adobe, nationality and mutual agreement. The Supreme Court decision (2018du60847) which was recently ruled on March 14, 2019, provided that the centre of vital interests of a Korean soccer player who signed with and played for a Japanese professional team was in Japan, not Korea, in consideration of specific circumstances by application of the Article 4 (2) of Korea-Japan Tax Treaty which has the same content as Article 4 (2) of the OECD Model Tax Convention. Similar to the Supreme Court decision, most Korean lower courts ruled that permanent home (1st priority) is in both Contracting States and determined the residence through a centre of vital interests (2nd priority). Habitual adobe (3rd priority) and nationality (4th priority) were not considered as explicit factors for determining the residence. At the same time, however, most of the decisions considered the length of stay which is the main judgment factor of the habitual adobe for determining the center of vital interests, and some decisions considered the nationality, as well. The length of stay is intuitive, clear, and less likely to avoid tax evasion compared to permanent home (1st priority). Having a tax jurisdiction in a state in which the individual has stayed longer seems to be more reflective of the individual"s connections. Nationality also needs to be considered to decide residence in consideration of the protection and benefits from the state. Compared to permanent home, it is believed that the tax evasion concerns relating to nationality will be relatively small. In theory, however, as the current Article 4 (2) of the OECD Model Tax Convention specifies the length of stay and nationality in the third or lower rankings, there is a problem that it cannot be a major consideration for determining the centre of vital interests (2nd priority). In order to make reasonable judgments on residence, Article 4 (2) of the OECD Model Tax Convention needs to be amended to determine the residence of a dual resident not in an order of priority from permanent home to mutual agreement, but by comprehensively considering each factor. From an effective point of view, however, it is necessary to note that the commentary of the OECD Model Tax Convention at least specifies the length of stay and nationality as considerations in determining the centre of vital interests. In this case, it is possible to select more important judgment factors and reflect them in the OECD Model Tax Convention or its commentary in order to secure the legal stability and predictability for taxpayers and interpret the Tax Convention uniformly between states.

실란커플링제를 통한 자기치유 콘크리트 압축 강도발현 특성 검토

손형민(Son, Hyeongmin),김진성(Kim, Jin Sung),이행기(Lee, H.K.) 한국콘크리트학회 2016 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.28 No.1

바이오 기반 자기치유 콘크리트 성능발현의 주요인자

손형민(Hyeongmin Son),남일우(Il Woo Nam) 한국콘크리트학회 2021 콘크리트학회지 Vol.33 No.2

임베디드 제어기 기반의 색채선별기 개발

김기선,손형민,김영민,탁철곤,박상석,임상경,하정석,정민정,이연정,Kim, Ki-Sun,Son, Hung-Min,Kim, Young-Min,Tak, Chul-Gon,Park, Sang-Seog,Lim, Sang-Kyung,Ha, Jeong-Seok,Jeong, Min-Jeong,Lee, Yun-Jung 대한임베디드공학회 2010 대한임베디드공학회논문지 Vol.5 No.2

색채선별기는 양질의 곡물 유통을 위해 불량곡물, 이물질을 선별하는 시스템이다. 기존의 색채 선별기는 PC기반 제어시스템으로서 비교적 고가이고 부피가 크며 현장 환경에서 기계적 충격이나 먼지등에 취약하다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 운영체제가 탑재된 임베디드 제어기 기반의 색채선별기를 제안한다. 색채선별기는 기본적으로 곡물의 유입량 및 속도를 조절해 주는 피터부, 곡물의 영상을 받아 이미지를 처리해 주는 카메라부, 카메라부에서 받은 정보를 이용해 양품과 불량품을 분리해 주는 이젝터부로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는 개발된 지능형 색채선별기용 ARM 프로세서 기반 임베디드 제어기의 하드웨어 구성, 피더부, 카메라부, 이젝터부 간의 통신프로토콜을 이용한 총괄관리 제어와 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스(GUI)를 소개한다.

동보행 가능한 4각 로봇을 위한 형상기억합금 엑추에이터를 적용한 3자유도 다리 디자인

구준범,손형민,남태현,이연정 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.6

선천성 구순,구개열 환자에 대한 역학적 연구

정성욱,손형민,장현석,권종진,임재석 대한구순구개열학회 2002 대한구순구개열학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Cleft lip and palate are most common congenital deformity to affect the orofacial region. Cleft lip and palate are caused by abnormal development of primaiy and secondaiy palate. It s causative mechanism is not completely understood, but genetic and envirorunental factors play an important role. Many epidemiologic surveys have been done extensively about incidence, racial influence, sex ratio, parent age, associated syndrome, and genetic factors. These researches are useful to dissolve many problems in prevention and treatment of cleft lip and palate. We performed epidemiologic survey of cleft lip and palate who visited the department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, Guro Hospital of Korea University from 1995 to 2001.