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경남 한산·거제만해역에서 생산된 패류의 위생학적 안전성 평가
하광수,이가정,정연중,목종수,김풍호,김연계,이희정,김동욱,손광태,Ha, Kwang-Soo,Lee, Ka-Jeong,Jeong, Yeon-Jung,Mok, Jong-Soo,Kim, Poong-Ho,Kim, Yeon-Kye,Lee, Hee-Jung,Kim, Dong-Wook,Son, Kwang-Tae 한국식품위생안전성학회 2018 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.33 No.5
본 연구는 2013년부터 2017년까지 경남 한산 거제만 해역에서 생산되는 패류에 대한 위생지표세균, 마비성 패류독소, 설사성 패류독소를 분석하여 세균학적 독물학적 안전성을 평가하였다. 굴 시료 404점에 대한 분변계대장균은 < 18~330 MPN/100 g의 범위를 나타내었으나, 대장균 230 E. coli MPN/100 g을 초과한 시료는 없었다. 굴 수확시기 동안 분석한 대장균의 기하학적 평균치는 24.3 MPN/100 g으로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 한산 거제만해역에서 생산되는 굴의 세균학적 안전성을 평가한 결과, 식품위생법의 생식용 굴에 대한 위생기준을 만족하였고, EU의 패류생산해역 A등급 기준에 부합하였다. 한산 거제만해역의 독물학적 평가를 위해 굴 532개 시료와 패류독소 지표종인 지중해담치 268개 시료에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 마비성패류독소는 2013년 4월에 지중해담치 3개 시료에서 1.20~2.29 mg/kg 범위로 기준을 초과하여 검출되었으나, 굴시료에서는 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 총 120개 시료에서 설사성패류독소를 분석하였으나, 정량한계 이하로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 독물학적 안전성 평가결과, 굴 시료에서는 마비성 및 설사성패류독소가 전혀 검출되지 않았으나, 지표종인 지중해담치에서는 마비성패류독소 기준치를 초과한 것으로 나타나 지속적인 모니터링과 안전관리가 요구되었다. To evaluate bacteriological and toxicological safety hygienic indicator bacterium and paralytic and diarrhetic shellfish toxins in the shellfish produced in Hansan Geojeman 2013-2017 were investigated. Fecal coliforms were < 18~330 MPN/100 g in 404 oyster samples. But all samples tested, did not exceed 230 E. coli MPN/100 g. Geometric mean of E. coli for oyster samples collected during major shellfish production period was 24.3 MPN/100 g, considerde stable results. Bacteriological quality of oysters collected from Hansan Geojeman meets the standard value based on shellfish hygiene of the Food Sanitation Act of Korea and also meets Grade A, according to classification of shellfish harvesting areas of the European Union. For toxicological evaluation of Hansan Geojeman, 532 oyster samples and 268 mussel samples as an indicator, were analyzed. Paralytic shellfish toxins were detected in the range of 0.42~2.29 mg/kg in eight mussel samples, and exceeded criteria in three samples from early to late April 2013. Diarrhetic shellfish toxin was detected in three of 120 samples, but it was revealed to be under regulation value (0.16 mg Okadaic Acid equ./kg). As a result of toxicological evaluation, paralytic and diarrhetic shellfish toxins were not detected in oyster samples, but it was found that mussel as an indicator species, exceeded the threshold value of paralytic shellfish toxin. Accordingly, sanitary surveys were continuously requested for food safety management of shellfish.
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문정연,김귀숙,문순란,한현주,손인자 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.4
In the Children's Hospital of Seoul National University Hospital it is general practice to prepare and administer powder or liquid formulations to children under 6 and tablet formulations to those older. However, pulverizing tablets to administer powder formulations causes loss of content, change in bioavailability, and difficulty in identification. Consequently, a new principle of dividing highly water-soluble tablets down to quarter segments without having to change formulation type and administrating them even to children under 6 has been established and practiced for instances that allow despite the fact that they may be easily pulverized. This study was performed to classify and investigate the feasibility of original tablet form administration by investigating the solubility of commonly prescribed pediatric medicines. The study has been executed using 51 medicines(sugar, film coated tablets, capsules, coated tablets, powder formulations) out of 116 possible pediatric medicines commonly pulverized for children under 6. Primary research was done with surveys completed by 50 guardians of children who have visited the pediatric clinic. This study has utilized tablet medicines that dissolve under 1 minute on the basis of 42 of these guardians(84%) reporting their preference of waiting no more than 1 minute for a tablet to dissolve before administering to their child. First, tablets were placed in ambient sterilized distilled water and observed in 20-second intervals for solubility. Tablets that took longer than 1 minute to dissolve were stirred 2 times per second as a secondary measure to observe those that took less than a minute to dissolve. In order to establish an objective standard, a shaker was utilized at 950rpm in the verification process. 8(16%) of the test tablets dissolved within the first interval, 11(22%) dissolved within the second interval, none dissolved within the last interval, and 2(4%) dissolved after 60 seconds or within 60 seconds with the aid of the stirrer. Therefore, 21(41%) out of 51 test tablets were determined as capable of being administered in tablet form because of its superior water-solubility. It can be expected that problems from pulverization can be improved with administration of any of these 21 test tablets in its original formulation even to children under 6 while also promoting convenience in the preparation and dispensing of pediatric prescriptions.
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