Impacts of Soil Organic Matter on Microbial Community of Paddy Soils in Gyeongnam Province

손다니엘,손연규,원항연,허재영,김대호,최용주,이상대,옥용식,이영한 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

Agricultural management of paddy soil depends on the effects of soil microbial activities. The present study evaluated the soil microbial community of 25 paddy soils in Gyeongnam Province by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The average of microbial communities in paddy soils were 32.2% of total bacteria, 16.7% of Gram-negative bacteria, 12.9% of Gram-positive bacteria, 2.0% of actinomycetes, 14.9% of fungi, and 1.3% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The communities of total bacteria (34.9%) and Gram-negative bacteria (19.4%) in soils with 30∼35 g kg-1 of organic matter were significantly larger than those in soils with other organic matter levels. However, soils with 20∼30 g kg-1 of organic matter had significantly low ratio of cy17:0 to 16:1ω7c and cy19:0 to 18:1ω7c as compared with soils with 30∼35 g kg-1 of organic matter, indicating microbial stress decreased (p < 0.05). In principal component analyses of soil microbial communities, Gram-negative bacteria should be considered as a potential responsible factor for the obvious microbial community differentiation that was observed between the two different organic matter levels in paddy fields. Thus, soils containing 20∼30 g kg-1 of organic matter were responsible for strong effect on microbial biomass and stress in paddy fields.

무경운 피복작물 작부체계가 벼 뿌리 생육에 미치는 영향

손다니엘,이영한 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of rice cover crop cropping systems on rice root growth in a rice field as affected by conventional tillage without rice straw or green manure crop treatment (CTFS, check plot), no-tillage without cover crops (NTNT), no-tillage amended with rape (NTRA), no-tillage amended with rye (NTRY), no-tillage amended with hairyvetch (NTHV), and no-tillage amended with Chinese milk vetch (NTCM). In 0-5 cm soil depth, dry weight of root in NTRS (128 g m^-2) was significantly higher than in the other plots (p<0.05) at harvesting stage. In addition, content of active organic matter at 0-5 cm soil depth was 1,684 g m^-2 in NTCM, 1,309 g m^-2 in NTRA, 1,295 g m^-2 in NTRS, 1,072 g m^-2 in NTRY, 917 g m^-2in NTHV, 434 g m^-2 CTFS, and 426 g m^-2 in NTNT treatment. In no-tillage rice cover crop cropping system,our findings suggest that NTRS and NTCM should be enhanced root growth and active organic matter in paddy field.

Long-term Assessment of Chemical Properties from Paddy Soils in Gyeongnam Province

손다니엘,손연규,강성수,허재영,김대호,최용주,이상대,옥용식,이영한 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2

Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the chemical properties of 260 paddy soils every 4 years from 1999 to 2015 in Gyeongnam province. Soil chemical properties, including soil pH, electrical conductivity, amount of organic matter (OM), available phosphate (P2O5), exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), and available silicate (SiO2) were analyzed. In 2015, the average values of pH, OM, available P2O5, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, and available SiO2 was 5.8, 30 g kg-1, 222 mg kg-1, 0.37 cmolc kg-1, 6.5 cmolc kg-1, and 1.4 cmolc kg-1, 252 mg kg-1, respectively. The frequency distribution within optimum range of paddy soils was 49.2%, 20.8%, 18.5%, and 5.8% for soil pH, OM, available P2O5, and available SiO2, respectively. The available P2O5 concentrations in 2015 was excess level with portion of 58% and did not alter significantly during the experimental period. Although the average of available SiO2 concentration has tended to increase with every year, the insufficient proportion of available SiO2 concentration in 2015 was 48%. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties can properly control the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in paddy field.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Greenhouse Soils of Gyeongnam Province

손다니엘,조현지,허재영,이병정,홍광표,이영한 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

Heavy metal contamination of soil might be a cause of serious concern due to the potential health impacts ofconsuming contaminated products. In this study, the total content of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As,and Hg) in soils was analyzed, and the difference of heavy metal contents depending on crops, soilcharacteristics, and topography was compared in 169 greenhouse soils obtained from Gyeongnam Province. The concentrations of the heavy metals were 0.25 mg kg-1 (ranged 0.01~0.44) for Cd, 28.94 (0.53~72.63) mgkg-1 for Cr, 26.03 (0.5~166.13) mg kg-1 for Cu, 14.91 (1.27~33.22) mg kg-1 for Ni, 15.76 (0.43~57.1) mg kg-1for Pb, 119.72 (6.33~239.39) mg kg-1 for Zn, 2.54 (0.01~23.57) mg kg-1 for As, and 0.049 (0.012~0.253) mgkg-1 for Hg in topsoils. The concentrations of Pb and As in topsoil were highest in green pepper and those ofCd, Cr, and Ni were highest in melon. In addition, the concentrations of Cr and Ni were highest in diluvialterrace compared with the other topographies. Higher concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Ni were found in siltyclay loam and silt loam soils than sandy loam and loam soils.

Comparison of Growth, Yield and Yield Components among Rice Cultivars for Organic Farming in No-tillage Paddy

손다니엘,이영한 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Organic farming system in rice paddy is rapidly expanding in Korea. This study was to find out optimum japonica rice cultivars for organic farming. A field research was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of japonica rice cultivars under no-tillage paddy at Doo-ryangmyeon, Sacheon, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The experimental soil was Juggog series (silty clay loam: 56.0% silt, 31.2% clay and 12.8% sand). In experiment, ten lines of Japanese rice cultivars were tested under no-tillage amended with rye (NTR) and no-tillage without cover crop treatment (NTNT). In addition, two Korean japonica rice cultivars as check cultivars were used in this study. The grain yield in NTR was significantly higher in 6.13 Mg ha-1 for Kinuhikari, 5.30 Mg ha-1 for Komekogane, 5.25 Mg ha-1 for Kosihikari, 5.22 Mg ha-1 for Mazizbare and 5.12 Mg ha-1 for Akitakomachi compared to two Korean rice cultivars (4.57 Mg ha-1 for Hwayoungbyeo and 4.00 Mg ha-1 for Ilmibyeo) in that order. While, grain yield in NTNT was significantly higher in 4.90 Mg ha-1 for Akitakomachi 3.81 Mg ha-1 for Hinohikari, 3.74 Mg ha-1 for Umezkusi, 3.67 Mg ha-1 for Kosihikari and 3.54 Mg ha-1 for Dondokuri compared to 3.02 Mg ha-1 for Ilmibyeo and 2.36 Mg ha-1 for Hwayoungbyeo, respectively. The number of panicle per m2 and grain number per panicle were indispensible for increasing the yield of rice. These results were able to find out optimum japonica rice cultivar Akitakomachi for organic farming in no-tillage paddy.

연구보문 : 자연과학 ; 옥수수 생육초기 수분 stress 처리에 따른 교잡종들의 생육특성 비교

조영손 ( Young Son Cho ),이병진 ( Byeong Jin Lee ),손다니엘 ( Daniel Son ),( Rashid Ismael Hag Ibrahim ),손범영 ( Beom Young Son ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2012 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

A pot experiment was conducted in a phytotron to evaluate and select wet-resistant silage corn from 111 corn hybrids (CHs) under simulated heavy rain falls (80 mm for the 1st day and 50 mm from the 2nd till 11th day at 21±3oC) started at the 3rd leaf stage or 28 days after seeding. Growth related characteristics including dry weight of shoot, root, and leaf blade as well as leaf area, plant weight balance, and culm diameter were evaluated. Corn hybrid (CH) no.62 showed the tallest plant height and no.96 was the shortest. CH no.96 expressed the highest weight balance and no. 88 was the lowest. CH no. 59 gave the highest dry weight of shoot and no. 25 was the lightest. CH no.91 measured the thickest culm diameter at the basal 10 cm but no.24 was the thinnest. Dry weight of the basal 10 cm from culm was heaviest in no. 42 and lightest in no.25. Dry weight of root was highest in no.113 and lowest in no. 16. Dry weight of leaf area was heaviest in no.85 but lightest in no. 25. Analysis of coefficient of correlation positively connected culm diameter, plant height, and root weight to leaf area as well as culm diameter and plant height to root weight, while plant height and weight balance were negatively correlated. Weight balance to culm diameter or leaf area and culm diameter to root weight was not related.

제주지역 노지재배에서 멀칭재료가 오크라의 생육에 미치는 영향

손다니엘(Daniel Son),성기철(Ki Cheol Seong),김천환(Chun Hwan Kim),위승환(Seung Hwan Wi),임찬규(Chan Kyu Lim) 한국원예학회 2014 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2014 No.10

터널식 막덮기 재배시 피복재료가 오크라의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향

손다니엘,성기철,김천환,임찬규,전승호 한국국제농업개발학회 2014 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

오크라의 노지안정기술을 확립하기 위하여, 오크라 생육초기의 보온을 위한 터널식 막덮기 처리가 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1. 막덮기 재료에 따른 기온변화에서 비닐처리구와 부직포처리구 모두 대조구보다 평균 6.7, 3.3oC 높게 나타났으며, 지온의 평균온도에서도 3.1, 1.0oC 이상 높게 나타났다. 2. 출현율에서는 두 품종 모두 5/4처리구에서 93.3, 77.8%로 높게 나타났으며, 막덮기 재료에 따른 출현율 비교에서는 모두 비닐처리구에서 98.3, 86.7%로 가장 높은 출현율이 나타났고, 출현 80% 소요일수에서도 비닐처리구에서 7.0, 9.7일로 대조구보다 9.7, 17.3일 빠른 출현을 보였다. 3. 초장의 변화는 4/16비닐처리구 > 4/16부직포처리구 > 5/4 비닐처리구 > 4/16대조구 > 5/4부직포처리구 > 5/4대조구 순으로 대체적으로 파종시기가 빠를수록 비닐 막덮기 처리에서 초장이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 4. 과실수량은 4/16비닐처리구 > 4/16부직포처리구 > 5/4비닐처리구 > 4/16대조구 > 5/4부직포처리구 > 5/4대조구 순으로 두 품종 모두 4/16비닐처리구로 가장 적은 수량을 보인 5/4대 조구보다 그린소드 169 kg·10a−1, 베니는 103 kg·10a−1 더 많은 수확량이 나타났다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of plastic tunnel treatment on the growth and yield of okra for the insulation in early growth stage in open field. We investigated the sprout emergence, plant growth and fruit yield of two okra cultivars ('Green Sword' and 'Benny') grown with two different cover materials (fabric and vinyl) and sowing times (April 16th and May 4th). Both vinyl and fabric plots showed higher degrees than the control, about 6.7 and 3.3oC higher for the mean air temperature, and about 3.1 and 1.0oC for the mean soil temperature, respectively. In comparison of emergence ratio, both 'Green Sword' and 'Benny' cultivars sown in May 4 showed relatively higher ratios, 93.3% and 77.8%, by sowing time and the highest 98.3% and 86.7% in the vinyl treatment by cover material. The largest plant height was observed in the vinyl-treated plant sown on April 16. Fruit yield was the highest in the vinyl-treated plants sown on April 16th; 169 kg higher for 'Green Sword' and 103 kg higher per 10a for 'Benny' in comparison with those of the control, the smallest in yield.

포장에서 교잡종 옥수수의 도복과 수분스트레스간의 관계

조영손 ( Young Son Cho ),이병진 ( Byeong Jin Lee ),손다니엘 ( Daniel Son ),윤영환 ( Young Hwan Yoon ),양원하 ( Won Ha Yang ),서종호 ( Jong Ho Seo ),김충국 ( Chung Kook Kim ),손범영 ( Beom Young Son ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

Under field conditions, 22 corn hybrids(CHs) were tested for several characteristics related to lodging resistance and excessive water stress, such as pushing resistance on 1.0 and 1.5 m hights of the corns and breaking point. The 22 corn CHs were selected because they showed strongest pushing resistance and breaking resistance of culm as well as the highest thickness of basal culm, leaf greenness, leaf area, and plant height based on two pre-pot experiments performed in phytotron. To make excess water condition, water irrigation was done at 1) 20-d after seeding, 2) 5th leaf stage, 3) tasseling stage, and 4) silking stage with 100 mm/day for 5 days. Lodging-related characteristics were measured: culm diameter, root dry weight, weight balance of above-ground plant, breaking resistance, and breaking height in field experiment. Among all the characteristics tested, we explained in the two critical points for lodging resistance: 1) breaking resistance and breaking point, 2) culm diameter with breaking resistance and breaking point, and they were further evaluated for the relationships with the 1.0 and 1.5m height of above-ground plant. In the corn hybrids, there was a positive correlation between breaking resistant and weight balance of corn at the silking stage water treatment at 1.0 and 1.5-m height. And breaking resistant and culm diameter had a positive relationship at the 20-d water treatment at both measuring height. In conclusion, selection for lodging resistant hybrids or germplasms to excess soilwater should be made at the 5th leaf stage water treatment, and basal culm thickness should be considered to evaluate the resistance of the corn hybrid plants to lodging.

Long-term Monitoring of Chemical Properties from Paddy Soils in Gyeongnam Province

Daniel Shon(손다니엘),Young Han Lee(이영한),Seong-Soo Kang(강성수),Yeon-Kyu Sonn(손연규),Jae-Young Heo(허재영),Dae-Ho Kim(김대호),Yong-Jo Choi(최용조),Sang-Dae Lee(이상대) 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2016 No.3