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Land Developers, States, and Collusive Clientelism in Marketizing China
백우열 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2014 Pacific Focus Vol.29 No.1
Their undeniable contribution notwithstanding, the interlocked interests of land developers and local states are frequently condemned as clientelistic collusion and engendered corruption by the party leaders, not to mention a majority of ordinary citizens. Even though the “patron–client”-type entanglement between these actors in the Chinese political economy has been widely recognized, the concrete conditions, which deepen such clientelist structure and mutual penetration, much more than other industries in China and its counterparts in other developing countries, have not been scrutinized. What are the political logics and dynamics of such dyadic relations between these two key actors in the Chinese context and in comparison with other industries? Who are the actors and what are the goods transacted in this industry? Which ownership types of land developer form the industry? How can we link the ownership forms to similar and distinct clientelistic characteristics and their variations? This paper tries to answer this set of questions in order to understand the enigmatic issue of land developers, whose importance is undeniable in contemporary Chinese politics, but on which the established literature has not provided concrete analysis.
백우열 남서울대학교 2011 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.17 No.1
After numerous international mega-sport events which include the 1988 Seoul Olympic Garnes and the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup, many cities in South Korea have put a great effort to host one of those international mega-sport events due to the positive socio-economic impacts on their societies. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to analyze both positive as well as negative economic effects on community. Our secondary purpose was to suggest new perspectives regarding hosting an international mega-sport event. In order to acquire the study purposes, the effects of an international mega-sport event were divided into positive and negative economic impacts and analyzed. The main issue brought out in this topic was that whether international mega-sport event is a guaranteed medium to bring economic vitalizations to community or not. In order to effectively scrutinize and provide new perspectives on the stated issue with a mega-sport event, an in-depth cost-effectiveness analysis related to hosting an international mega-sport event should be conducted to guarantee successful event hosting. Secondly, infrastructure development plans should be drawn to well harmonized with perviously existing city development plans. Lastly, a facility management plan should be systematically developed before a sport event.
백우열,송승용,노태석,이원재 대한의사협회 2018 대한의사협회지 Vol.61 No.12
Our faces can express a remarkable range of subtle emotions and silent messages. Because the face is so essential for complex social interactions that are part of our everyday lives, aesthetic repair and restoration of function are an important tasks that we must not take lightly. Soft-tissue defects occur in trauma patients and require thorough evaluation, planning, and surgical treatment to achieve optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes, while minimizing the risk of complications. Recognizing the full nature of the injury and developing a logical treatment plan help determine whether there will be future aesthetic or functional deformities. Proper classification of the wound enables appropriate treatment, and helps predict the postoperative appearance and function. Comprehensive care of trauma patients requires a diverse breadth of skills, beginning with an initial evaluation, followed by resuscitation. Traditionally, facial defects have been managed with closure or grafting, and prosthetic obturators. Sometimes, however, large defects cannot be closed using simple methods. Such cases, which involve exposure of critical structures, bone, joint spaces, and neurovascular structures, requires more complex treatment. We reviewed and classified causes of significant trauma resulting in facial injuries that were reconstructed by microsurgical techniques without simple sutures or coverage with partial flaps. A local flap is a good choice for reconstruction, but large defects are hard to cover with a local flap alone. Early microsurgical reconstruction of a large facial defect is an excellent choice for aesthetic and functional outcomes.
오리엔티어링대회 참여자의 선택속성과 참여만족 및 참여지속의도의 관계
백우열,김상수,주성범 한국스포츠학회 2018 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.16 No.4
본 연구는 오리엔티어링 참여자들이 인식하는 선택속성(프로그램, 비용, 주변환경, 시설, 인적요인)이 참여만족을 통해 참여지속의도에 미치는 영향력을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있었다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해, 선행연구에서 사용된 설문지를 본 연구에 적합하도록 수정, 보완하여 사용하였으며, 편의표본추출범을 이용하여 2018년 9월에 열린 인천광역시오리엔티어링연맹 회장배 전국대회와 산림청장배 전국오리엔티어링대회 참가자를 대상으로 총 200부의 설문지가 배포 및 회수되었다. 이들 회수된 설문지 중 설문문항에 대한 중복기재와 무응답 자료를 제외한 총 198부(99.5%)의 자료를 통계프로그램(SPSS 23.0, AMOS 23.0)으로 전산처리한 후, 기술통계분석, 확인적 요인분석, 상관관계분석 및 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 따르면, 첫째, 오리엔티어링 참여자가 지각하는 오리엔티어링 대회의 선택속성 중 프로그램요인(t=1.065, p>.05)을 제외한 비용(t=2.606, p<.01), 주변환경(t=2.982, p<.01), 시설요인(t=2.827, p<.01), 인적요인(t=2.213, p<.05)은 참여자의 참여만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 오리엔티어링 참여자의 참여만족은 참여지속의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(t=4.429, p<.001). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between orienteering selection factors and participation adherence intention through participation satisfaction. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed and collected from two orienteering events which were taken place in Incheon and Ulsan areas, South Korea in September, 2018. After excluding two responses with excessive amount of missing data, a total of 198(99.0%) questionnaires were included in this study for the final data analysis. Several statistical analyses including a descriptive analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis were conducted to achieve the research purpose. Results showed that orienteering selection factors including cost(t=2.606, p<.01), scenery(t=2.982, p<.01), facility(t=2.827, p<.01), and service provider(t=2.213, p<.05) had statistically significant effects on participation satisfaction. Second, participation satisfaction had a statically significant effect on participation adherence intention(t=4.429, p<.001).