능원동사 ‘会’의 오류 분석 및 교육적 제언 : 예비 교사를 대상으로

박주영 韓國外國語大學校 敎育大學院 2023 국내석사

能愿动词“会”的义项较多,同时与“能”、“要”等的语义相近。这使得“会”的学习难度增加,学习者很难正确掌握其用法而导致偏误的发生。在各类偏误中,“会”的遗漏偏误最多。为了减少“会”的偏误,更好地掌握“会”的用法,学者们以初级、中级、高级汉语学习者为对象进行了偏误分析。在查找与“会”相关的研究内容时,没发现以预备汉语教师为对象进行的相关研究。预备教师作为知识的传授者,他们正确掌握"会"的用法对将来的汉语教育也会产生不小的影响。因此,本论文以预备汉语教师为对象分析了能愿动词“会”的使用情况及偏误,并以此为依据提出了预备教师们在实际教学中能有效运用的教学建议。 本论文共分为五个部分: 第一章阐明了研究的目的和必要性,确定了研究对象及方法,并察看了与本论文主题相关的研究,确定了研究方向。 第二章细致考察了能愿动词“会”的各项语义,分析了不同语义的结构特征。 第三章以预备汉语教师为对象调查了能愿动词“会”的使用情况和正误比率。结果显示,预备教师们在使用“会”进行交流时的六项语义中“预测未来事件”和“保证”这两项语义用得最多。另外,调查结果还显示,在“会”的六项语义中预备教师们对“预测未来事件”和“习惯”这两个义项的理解程度是最低的。在使用“会”的句子中,表示“预测未来事件”的句子很多,偏误句也很多,可以看出这是学习中的一个难点。 第四章中分析了预备教师们关于“会”的偏误句,考察了偏误发生的原因,并以此为依据提出了“会”的教学建议。偏误类型的分析结果显示,“会”的六个义项中表示“预测未来事件”和“习惯”时发生的遗漏偏误最多,在各义项中都出现了和特定能愿动词间的替代偏误。分析得出遗漏偏误发生的主要原因是“教学上的误导”,替代偏误发生的主要原因是“母语的负迁移”。在教学建议中对“会”的六个义项分别做了具体的说明,分析了各义项的结构特征,并介绍了各义项语义相近的词汇,说明了它们之间含义上的差异。 第五章是结束语,概述了本论文的主要研究结果和实践意义。希望在实际教学活动中本论文的研究结果对减少“会”的偏误有所帮助。

주거공간 라돈 안전보건관리 체계 구축을 위한 위해성 평가지표 개발

박주영 숭실대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

주거공간 라돈 안전보건관리 체계 구축을 위한 평가지표 개발 박주영 안전보건융합공학과 숭실대학교 대학원 라돈(Rn-222)은 토양, 암석, 지하수 등에 포함된 우라늄이 붕괴 과정을 통해 생성되는 천연 방사성 가스이다. 무색(Colorless), 무취(Odorless), 무미(Tasteless)의 특성을 갖기에 우리의 감각기관으로는 인지할 수 없 고 호흡기를 통해 폐에 도달하게 되며 인체에 치명적인 피해를 준다. 이 러한 물리적 특성으로 인해서 한국에서의 여러 사건을 통해 라돈에 대한 국민과 정부의 인식도가 높아졌다. 한국의 라돈 관련 연구 동향으로 환경부는 2007년 ‘실내 라돈 관리 종 합대책’을 마련하였으며 국립환경과학원에서는 전국 규모의 라돈 조사를 통한 국내 라돈 지도를 작성하여 공개하였다. 민간 기업에서도 라돈 농 도 측정과 라돈 측정기 연구 개발을 통해 관련 분야에 많은 연구와 발전 이 이뤄지고 있으나 아직 초기 단계이다. 해외의 라돈 관련 연구 동향으로 미국에서는 EPA가 주축이 되어 다양 한 라돈 측정 및 저감 활동과 더불어 홍보와 교육 등을 수행하고 있으며 측정, 기준, 교육, 전문가 양성을 통해서 저감 관리 활동을 이어 나가고 있다. 캐나다에서는 주 정부의 보건국(Health Canada)이 주체가 되어 측 정의 표준모델과 저감 관리의 표준모델을 중심으로 모든 저감 관리를 통 제하고 있지만 한국에서는 아직 관리 체계가 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 라돈에 대해 깊이 있는 이해와 라돈의 생성 및 이동 특성, 그리고 라돈의 유해성과 생활환경에 있어 라돈 농도 관리에 대한 배경을 고찰한 후 주거공간의 라돈 안전보건관리 체계 구축을 위한 평가지표를 개발하려 한다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 라돈의 특성 및 선행연구를 심층적 으로 조사 분석하였다. 실태조사를 통해 연구의 필요성을 입증하고, 델파 이 분석을 통해 위해성 평가모델을 개발하였다. 주거공간에 대한 라돈 안전관리 평가체계 구축을 위해 본 연구에서 개발한 위해성 평가모델을 활용하여 실제 사례에 적용 후, 타당성에 대한 실증분석을 하였다. 본 연구의 라돈 안전보건관리 체계 구축을 통해서 위험요인을 파악하여 추정한 후 위험성의 경도 및 거주 환경의 안전을 확인하고 위험성을 결 정하여 적절한 위험성 감소대책을 수립하고 실행할 수 있을 것이다. 일 반적으로 라돈 농도의 수치만으로 높음, 보통, 낮음으로 분류하는 기존의 평가와 달리 주택의 유형과 층수, 물리적 평가, 잠재적 평가, 건축물유지 보수에 대한 평가, 노출 빈도의 평가 점수를 반영하여 등급별로 분류하 여 저감 활동에 도입하여 적극적으로 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 해당 위해성 평가지표는 라돈 노출의 빈도와 강도, 보정 값으로 결정되 며 그 후 위해성에 대한 점수표를 작성하여 ‘위험’, ‘경고’, ‘안전’의 등급 으로 라돈 관리의 필요성에 대해 분류하였다. 분류된 등급에 따라, ‘위험’ 일 경우 즉각 저감 활동 시작, ‘경고’의 경우 모니터링 권고, 그리고 ‘안 전’의 경우 유예로 분류하였다. 이와 같은 라돈 안전보건관리 체계는 관 련 기관에서 더욱 효율적인 라돈 안전보건 관리를 위해 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 그 과정에서 또한 불필요한 노력과 예산 낭비를 방지 하기 위한 라돈 안전보건관리 평가체계를 도입하여 라돈의 노출도와 위 해성에 대해 사전 진단을 할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. Development of Assessment Index for a Residential Radon Safety and Health Management System PARK, JUYOUNG Department of Safety-Health Convergence Engineering Graduate School of Soongsil University Radon-222 is a naturally occurring radioactive gas produced by the decay of uranium found in soil, rocks, and groundwater. It is colorles s, odorless, and tasteless, making it imperceptible to our senses, and i t reaches human lungs through the respiratory system. Recently, awa reness of radon among the public and the government has been incre ased significantly through various events and efforts over the decade. In terms of domestic research trends related to radon, Korean Mini stry of Environment prepared a ‘Comprehensive Plan for Indoor Rado n Management’ in 2007, and Korean National Institute of Environment al Science and Technology released a domestic radon map through a nation-wide radon survey. In addition, private companies have also m ade great strides in measuring radon concentrations and developing ra don gas detectors. Looking at the international radon research trends, in the United St ates, the EPA has been conducting various radon measurements and mitigation activities, as well as publicity and education, and is continu ing to conduct measurements, standards, and educational programs. T he organization continues to work on professional trainings and mitig ation management activities as well. In Canada, the national health ag ency which is a government bureau, Health Canada, takes the lead in controlling all abatement managements focusing on standard models f or measurement and mitigation managements. In the contemporary Ko rean context, the prevailing management system exhibits notable defic iencies. The principal objective of this study is the formulation of an assess ment index designed for the management of radon concentration withi n residential spaces. This endeavor encompasses through an investiga tion into the contextual underpinnings of radon; encompassing its orig ins, characteristics pertaining to generation and movement, and an ex ploration of its deleterious effects on the living environment. This res earch extensively investigates the characteristics of radon and previou s studies, validating the need for the study through a factual survey, and developed a risk assessment model through Delphi Analysis. To establish an assessment system for radon safety management in resid ential spaces, the developed risk assessment model was applied to act ual cases and empirical analysis for validity are conducted. The construction of radon safety and health management system in this study involves identifying and estimating risk factors, confirming the severity of risks and the safety of residential environments, deter mining the level of risk, and formulating and implementing appropriat e risk reduction measures. Unlike conventional assessments, which cla ssifies radon levels as high, moderate, or low based solely on concent ration, this study reflects potential factors such as housing types, nu mber of floors, physical evaluation, evaluation of building maintenanc e, as well as exposure frequency scores. These are categorized into grades, introducting them into mitigation activities for proactive utiliza tion. The risk assessment index is ascertained through an evaluation of b oth the frequency and intensity of radon exposure, complemented by correction factors. Subsequently, a scoring table for risk assessment i s developed, classifying the necessity of radon management, into grad es of ‘danger’, ‘warning’, and ‘safe’. Depending on the classified grade s, immediate mitigation activities are required for ‘danger’, monitoring is recommended for ‘warning’, and a grace period is applied for ‘safe’. This radon safety and health management system is expected to be e ffectively applied by relevant institutions for more efficient radon safe ty and health management. To prevent unnecessary efforts and budge t waste during this process, an assessment system for radon safety a nd health management has been introduced to diagnose radon exposur e and risks in advance.

리듬체조선수의 경쟁상태불안에 관한 연구 / 朴柱映 著

박주영 祥明大學校 1998 국내석사

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic Acid Analogues for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke and Oxoacetamide Analogues of Rimonabant for the Treatment of Obesity

박주영 아주대학교 일반대학원 2011 국내박사

Abstract Part I. Stroke is the third leading cause of death around the world, primarily affecting individuals who are more than 65 years old. Despite the significant advances that have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia at the cellular molecular level, the thrombotic tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is approved by the FDA only for use in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, the utilization of t-PA is limited by its short time window of efficacy. Neuroprotective agents as well as antioxidant or/and anti-inflammatory drugs have generated as much interest due to their potentially long-term efficacy for the prevention of stroke. The only neuroprotectant drug for the treatment of stroke, is edaravone, which is a free radical scavenger approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2001 for use within 24 h after onset for the purpose of improving the neurological symptoms. In our efforts to find a novel neuroprotective agent, two analogues, oxopropanoyloxy benzoic acid 1 and 2-((2-oxopropanoyl)oxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid 2, were synthesized by esterification of salicylic acid and 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (HTB) with pyruvate, respectively, and their neuroprotective effects were evaluated by measuring the infarct volume in the postischemic brain in animal models. When 2 was administrated in the MCAO (middle cerebral arterial occlusion) model, the efficacy of infarct suppression by 2 was greater than treatment with 1, which indicates that HTB has better neuroprotection effect in the postischemic brain than salicylic acid. Based on the above results, we then synthesized the dimeric compounds, where the two molecules of HTB were conjugated via succinic acid and adipic acid, for the purpose of improving the neuroprotective effect of HTB. A series of dimeric HTB compounds was synthesized using aliphatic linkers with different carbon numbers. Among the HTB conjugates with linkers, 8, 10, and 11 showed inhibitory activities (49.5 ± 7.0 %, 49.0 ± 12.3% and 49.7 ± 8.7%, respectively) comparable to triflusal (42.8 ± 12.3%). To find compounds that are more neuroprotective compared to 2, we synthesized the dimeric compounds, where the two molecules of HTB were directly conjugated to form anhydride 12. In addition, two analogues of the HTB anhydride, substituting anhydride (-O-) with either an amino group (-NH-) 17 or a carbon linker (-CH2-) 28, were synthesized based on bioisosterism. An analysis of these compounds showed a significant difference in the cortical infarct volume (81.5 ± 1.5%, 59.9 ± 9.1% and 55.9 ± 7.8% in 12, 17 and 28, respectively). Among the synthesized compounds, the efficacy of infarct volume suppression by 12 was much greater than it was by 2. The intrinsic activity of anhydride 12 was confirmed by investigating the stability of 12 in a pH 7.4 buffer and in biological media such as rat blood. Unlike the compounds with linkers, 12 was slowly hydrolyzed at pH 7.4 buffer (T1/2 83.3 h) compared to triflusal (T1/2 40.0 h) and 12 was fairly stable in rat plasma (T1/2 22.2 h) compared to triflusal (T1/2 21.9 min). Furthermore, 12 was stable against enzymatic hydrolysis in Sprague-Dawley rats due to long half-life (3.6 h). Therefore, we concluded that 12 has the intrinsic capability of infarct volume suppression regardless of the HTB formed by the hydrolysis of anhydride linkages. The radical scavenging activity levels of all synthesized compounds were investigated using a spectrometric method to prove whether the inhibitory effects of triflusal and HTB conjugates on the infarct volume of the MCAO model in rats were related to their antioxidant activity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) with different scavenging activities, such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and nitric oxide, were used for the test, and the compounds of 12 showed the highest scavenging activities against superoxide and nitric oxide radicals. The protective effect against excitotoxicity was investigated in primary cortical neurons treated with NMDA. 12 reduced neuronal cell death in dose-dependent manner. This result indicated that 12 has potent anti-excitotoxic effect. Together these results showed that 12 has potent therapeutic potential as a neuroprotectant in the postischemic brain and these effects were conferred by intrinsic activity. Part II. Among the numerous approaches to treat obesity, an important development has been the CB1 receptor antagonists. The first-in-class cannabinoid (CB) receptor antagonist rimonabant was withdrawn from the market due to side effects such as anxiety and suicide ideation, related to the central nervous system, as the CB1 receptor is located in the brain. Therefore, in order to reduce the side effects of a CB1 receptor antagonist related to the central nervous system, we designed an anti-obesity drug which acts on the peripheral nerve rather than on the central CB1 receptor. In the present study, we synthesized a novel series of oxoacetamide analogues which is structurally related to rimonabant. Among the important structures of rimonabant, the pyrazole ring, the 4-chorophenyl ring, the 2,4-dicyclophenyl ring were maintained. In addition, 32a, with a modification of the amine side chain and extension of the carbonyl group, was initially examined. Through replacement with various amines, we studied the SAR (structure-activity relationships) the thiomorpholino derivative 32j, where the oxygen atom in 32i was replaced with a sulfur atom, revealing moderate binding affinity with a 2.5-fold increase compared to the corresponding piperidinyl group in 32g. Substitution of the piperidinyl ring in 32a by cyclohexyl 32n clearly increased affinities to the CB1 receptor (IC50 21.8 nM). The extension of the carbon chain length from a two-carbon chain to an eight-carbon chain (32r-32aa) increases the binding affinity to the CB1 receptor. 32v showed CB1 antagonistic activity (IC50 52.8) comparable to that of 32j (IC50 65.3 nM). Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 4 months to induce obesity. From day 1, the body weight decreased in the rimonabant, 32j, 32n and 32v treated groups with a concentration of 10mg/kg and 30mg/kg compared to the HF-DIO control group. The final body weights of the 32j, 32n and 32v treated groups with a concentration of 10mg/kg and 30mg/kg were reduced by 1.7, 2.1, 3.4, 4.8, 3.6 and 5.6%, respectively. Rimonabant reduced the body weight by 13.9% compared to the weight loss in the HF-DIO control group. These results indicated that while 32j, 32n and 32v acted on reducing weight and depressing appetite, it had less of a pharmaceutical effect than rimonabant.

자기개념 수준에 따라 대인관계상황이 자기초점화주의와 불안에 미치는 효과

박주영 전남대학교 대학원 2007 국내석사

고분자 첨가 및 동결건조를 통한 나프록센의 용출률 향상

박주영 숭실대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

In order to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs with low solubility, a study using hydrophilic polymers was conducted. The drug used in this experiment was naproxen (NPX), and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, molecular weight 2,500 and 40,000), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA, molecular weight 1,800), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, molecular weight 8,000 and 35,000) were used. After dissolving NPX and polymer in tert-Butyl alcohol (t-BuOH), an organic solvent, a sample was prepared using a freeze-drying method. Analysis of the crystal structure and crystallinity of NPX was conducted through X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the morphological characteristics of particles and crystals. t-BuOH, used as a freeze-drying solvent, is known to form needle-shaped crystals upon freezing. The freeze-dried NPX formed a long rod-shaped crystal. In comparison, when PVP was added, it was confirmed that circular nodules of irregular size and shape were distributed on the surface. When PAA was added, uneven surfaces were observed due to uneven lengths and widths of crystals, and when PEG was added, short crystals were attached in various directions, and relatively wider gaps were observed between crystals with uneven widths. Finally, a dissolution test was conducted to find out the difference in dissolution rate according to the type, molecular weight, and concentration of the polymer. As a result of the morphological characteristics of the crystals identified by SEM, the crystal size of the freeze-dried NPX decreased, resulting in a decrease in the crystal size and width of NPX, which promotes the release of NPX. The results of XRD and DSC analysis confirmed that the crystal structure of NPX did not change and the crystallinity decreased slightly, but the properties of NPX did not change. As a result, it was confirmed that the initial dissolution rate could be improved quickly by using a small amount of a polymer additive without changing NPX characteristics with the unchanged crystal structure and slightly reduced crystallization. 고분자 첨가 및 동결건조를 통한 나프록센의 용출률 향상 박주영 화학공학과 숭실대학교 대학원 낮은 용해도를 가진 난용성 약물의 생체이용률을 향상시키기 위해 친 수성 고분자를 사용한 연구를 진행했다. 본 실험에서 사용한 약물은 naproxen (NPX)이고, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, 분자량 2,500 및 40,000), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA, 분자량 1,800), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, 분자량 8,000 및 35,000)을 사용했다. 유기 용매인 tert-Butyl alcohol (t-BuOH)에 NPX와 고분자를 녹인 후에 동결건조 방법을 사용 하여 시료를 제조했다. NPX의 결정 구조 및 결정성 변화는 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)와 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)를 통해 분석하였으며, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)을 활용하여 입자 또는 결정의 형 태학적 특징을 확인했다. 동결건조 용매로 사용한 t-BuOH은 동결 시 바 늘 모양의 결정을 형성하는 것으로 알려져 있고 동결건조한 NPX은 긴 막대기 모양의 결정을 형성하였다. 이와 비교하여 PVP를 첨가한 경우, 크기와 모양이 일정하지 않은 원형의 결절이 표면에 분포되어 있음을 확 인했다. PAA를 첨가한 경우 결정의 길이와 폭이 일정하지 않아 고르지 않은 표면이 관찰되었고 PEG를 첨가한 경우 짧은 길이를 가진 결정들 이 여러 방향으로 붙어 있고 일정하지 않은 폭을 가진 결정들 사이에 상 대적으로 더 많은 틈이 관찰되었다. 최종적으로 고분자의 종류, 분자량 및 농도에 따른 용출 속도의 차이 를 알아보기 위해 용출 시험을 진행했다. SEM으로 확인한 결정의 형태 학적 특징을 기반으로 고분자를 첨가하여 동결건조한 NPX의 결정 크기 가 줄어들었고 이로 인해 NPX의 결정 크기 및 폭이 줄어들었고, 이로 인해 NPX의 방출이 촉진되었다. XRD, DSC 분석 결과 NPX의 결정 구 조는 변하지 않았으며 결정화도는 조금 감소했지만 NPX의 특성은 변하 지 않았음을 확인하였다. 그 결과로 결정구조가 변하지 않고 결정화도가 약간 감소된 NPX 특성의 변화 없이 소량의 고분자 첨가제를 사용함으 로써 초기 용출률을 빠르게 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

慶州地域 新羅 附加口緣甁 編年과 展開

박주영 동국대학교 2014 국내석사

도심 내 가로변 제설제가 토양과 가로수 내 중금속과 염류이온의 이행성에 미치는 영향

박주영 건국대학교 2018 국내박사

The global community has severely increasingly suffered from greenhouse gas, climate change and air pollution as industries are rapidly developing around the world. The absorption of various pollutants into soil in particular in urban areas makes it possible for plant to accumulate those materials in it, which often badly affects soil and vagetation of the roadside. It has been reported that the use of chemicals such as calcium chloride is surely rising to secure road safety in winter, resulting in chemical impacts on the urban green area, but in fact some remarkable research on it can hardly be found. This study is focused on ways to deal with the green and eco-friendly soil in the area damaged by snow removing chemicals and for this, Chungju-si and Cheongju-si, the two major cities of Chungcheongbuk-do are selected and their roadside are analyzed in terms of soil acidity, electric conductivity, heavy metals, exchangeable salt ions and also from the aspects of season, use and street tree types, leading to a meaningful correlation among them. From April 2016 till October 2017, the two cities are categorized into residential area, commercial area and green area and then soil samples are collected for each season according to the current soil pollution test standard. The items for analysis are soil acidity(pH), electric conductivity(EC), heavy metals, exchangeable salt ions. Heavy metals are mainly Cd2+, Cu2+, Li+, Cr3+, As5+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Ni3+ and exchangeable salt ions are Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+. It is analyzed that seasonal soil acidity is summer > autumn > spring and electric conductivity is spring ≥ autumn > summer, and exchangeable salt ions are summer > spring> autumn respectively. The content of heavy metals is usually very low in spring and it could be interpreted as plant tends to absorb lots of water when they start to develop leaves in that season, and that brings about differences in heavy metal adsorption ratio. However Cd2+ and As5+, both inhibiting the growth of plant are shown the highest in spring it is because soil acidified by the interaction between soil acidity and electric conductivity may contribute to increase in the content of heavy metals. The distribution of snow-removing chemicals might be a main cause of increasing the content of Cd2+and As5+which consequently have a bad influence on plant. Especially, Ca2+, K+ and Mg2+ are high in summer and, spring for Na+ respectively, but the content of Ca2+ is comprehensively on the top. And it could be assumed that snow-removing materials sprayed in the winter are dissolved in the snow water and exchangeable salt ions interact with other ones and as a result it increases both soil acidity and electric conductivity. Soil acidity by use region is in order of residential area > commercial area > green area. Electric conductivity is green area > residential area > commercial area, showing that in green area EC is somewhat higher than in commercial and residential areas. In general, the content of heavy metals has the lowest level in green area while the highest for commercial areas, Cu, Zn and Pb contents of heavy metals were higher in the commercial areas where the vehicle movement was higher. Residential area has lots of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ is abundant in commercial area, where the content of calcium is the highest. This result may be derived from that like soil acidity and electric conductivity the roadside of residential area and commercial area is relatively located in larger roads when compared to green area, therefore the wayside can be much influenced by snow-removing chemicals. By tree type, soil acidity is Platanus orientalis > Ginkgo biloba > Zelkova serrata and electric conductivity follows Ginkgo biloba > Platanus orientalis > Zelkova serrata. The content of heavy metals is the highest in Platanus orientalis. Heavy metals that are connected with soil acidity, electric conductivity and exchangeable salt ions are on the high level in Zelkova serrata and Ginkgo biloba which the tree shows more good flows of water and nutrients than Platanus orientalis, but the three types of tree have little differences in Cd2+ and As5+. In Platanus orientalis K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ are the highest and soil acidity and electric conductivity are also high in that tree. It could be explained that unlike Platanus orientalis Zelkova serrata and Ginkgo biloba has the ability to well absorb and carry water and nutrients from its roots in quality and quantity. We could conclude that the use of snow-removing chemicals increases soil acidity which in turn increases electric conductivity and accordingly plant is likely to absorb heavy metals in soil. But there are very small number of researches on the correlations between exchangeable salt ions, heavy metals and their content absorbed in plant, so further study on organic relations between increase in heavy metals- content and plant growth caused by snow-removing chemicals is needed. 각종 산업의 발달로 인해 온실가스배출, 기후변화 및 대기오염과 같은 심각한 환경문제가 전반적으로 전 세계에 걸쳐 대두되고 있다. 특히, 도심 내 다양한 오염물질이 토양에 흡착됨에 따라 식물체의 체내에 축적되어 가로변 녹지에 악영향을 주는 경우가 빈번하게 발생되고 있다. 무엇보다도 겨울철 강설로 인한 도로의 안전성을 확보하기 위해 제설제의 사용량이 증가하고 있어 가로변 녹지에 화학적 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되고 있으나 이에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 충청북도 대표 도시인 충주시와 청주시의 가로변을 대상으로 토양산도, 전기전도도, 중금속, 치환성 염류이온의 계절별, 용도지역별, 가로수종별로 분석을 통해 항목 간 상관성을 분석함으로써 제설제 피해지역의 친환경적 토양 및 식물체 관리 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 2016년 4월부터 2017년 10월까지 충주시와 청주시를 각각 주거지역, 상업지역, 녹지지역으로 구분한 후, 토양오염공정시험기준에 따라 봄, 여름, 가을 계절별 토양시료를 채취하였다. 분석항목은 토양산도(pH), 전기전도도(EC), 중금속, 치환성 염류 이온 등을 조사하였다. 중금속은 Cd2+, Cu2+, Li+, Cr3+, As5+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Ni3+ 등 8종, 치환성 염류 이온은 Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+ 등 4종을 중심으로 분석하였다. 계절별 토양산도는 여름 > 가을 > 봄 순으로, 전기전도도는 봄 ≥ 가을 > 여름 순으로, 치환성 염류 이온은 여름 > 봄 > 가을 순인 것으로 분석되었다. 전반적으로 중금속의 함량은 봄에 가장 낮았는데, 이는 식물들의 개엽시기와 맞물려 다량의 수분을 흡수함에 따른 중금속의 흡착률의 차이인 것으로 해석된다. 반면, 식물의 생장을 억제시키는 Cd2+과 As5+는 봄철 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈는데 이는 토양산도와 전기전도도의 상호작용으로 토양의 중금속 함량을 증가시킨 것으로 판단된다. 제설제 살포는 토양 내 식물에 악영향을 미치는 중금속인 Cd2+과 As5+의 함량을 증가시켜 식물체로 흡착될 가능성을 시사하고 있다. 특히, 치환성 염류이온인 Ca2+, K+, 및 Mg2+은 여름에, Na+은 봄에 높았으나 전반적으로 Ca2+의 함량이 가장 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 겨울철 살포된 제설제가 설수에 용해되어 분해되고, 치환성 염류이온이 다른 이온과 반응하여 토양의 산도와 전기전도도를 높이는 요인으로 작용한 것으로 본다. 용도지역별 토양산도는 주거지역 > 상업지역 > 녹지지역의 순으로, 전기전도도는 녹지지역 > 주거지역 > 상업지역의 순으로 조사되어 녹지지역이 상업지역과 주거지역에 비해 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 중금속의 함량은 녹지지역이 가장 낮게, 상업지역에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 중금속 함량의 경우 Cu, Zn, Pb은 차량 이동이 보다 높은 상업지역에서 높게 분석되었다. 한편, 계절별 차이를 보였던 Cd2+과 As5+는 용도지역별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 치환성 염류 이온인 K+, Ca2+ 및 Mg2+은 주거지역이, Na+은 상업지역이 높은 순으로, 용도지역 역시 칼슘 이온의 함량이 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었는데, 이는 토양산도와 전기전도도와 같이 상업지역과 주거지역의 가로변이 다른 지역에 비해 규모가 가장 큰 대로에 위치하고 있는 특성상 제설제의 영향을 많이 받은 것으로 판단된다. 수종별 토양산도는 양버즘나무 > 은행나무 > 느티나무의 순으로, 전기전도도는 은행나무 > 양버즘나무 > 느티나무의 순이었으며, 전반적으로 중금속의 함량은 양버즘나무에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 중금속은 토양 산도, 전기전도 및 치환성 염류 이온과 맞물려 양버즘나무와 은행나무에 비해 수분과 양분이동이 원활한 느티나무에서 낮게 나타났으나 Cd2+과 As5+는 수종별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 염류 이온인 Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+ 등은 양버즘나무에서 가장 높았으며, 토양산도와 전기전도도도 양버즘나무에서 대체적으로 높았다. 이는 양버즘나무가 느티나무와 은행나무에 비해 뿌리에서 흡착된 수분과 양분이동이 원활하지 못하기 때문인 것으로 해석된다. 결과적으로 제설제 사용은 토양의 토양산도를 높이며, 이는 전기전도도를 증가시키고 식물체가 토양 내 중금속의 흡수를 높이는 원인이 되는 것으로 사료된다. 하지만 조사된 치환성 염류 이온 및 중금속과 식물체 내 흡수된 함량의 관련된 연구가 미흡하여 제설제의 영향으로 인한 중금속 함량의 증가와 식물체의 생육에 관련해서 유기적인 관계가 있는지에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

피아노 연주의 심리적 불안과 긴장완화에 대한 연구

박주영 전북대학교 대학원 2004 국내석사

It is never an easy job for anyone to express themselves in front of other people. However, it is crucial to artists whatever fields they are in and it is not too much to say that artists make every effort for it. It is a stage where their constant effort and its outcome are displayed, and where the effort and outcome are observed and evaluated by others. Unlike paintings and literature which can be revised and supplemented before they are exposed to people, music is momentary. In the field of music, being on stage means a lot and becomes a burden on the mind of music performers. The mental burden of perfection makes most performers who have to display their best talent by mobilizing all their ability tensed and frightened. The tensed, nervous, and anxious feeling before a performance acts as a key element deciding whether or not musicians can complete their performance successfully. The feeling could give a negative effect on the musicians who have to perform on stage. Stage fright and nervousness, although the degree is different, can be found in most performers regardless of their musical talent. This kind of feeling, which anyone who has been on stage must have felt however small the stage was and which anyone without stage experience can easily imagine, becomes fatal to performers after all if it gets serious. Then, is there a way to work out stage fright and nervousness that most performers feel and experience? To solve this problem, many studies looking for a solution from medical and psychological aspects are being carried out and various ways are being suggested. This paper is to help musicians to perform successfully on stage by suggesting ways for successful performance by approaching the cause and solution of general stage fright and nervousness as a practical problem for musicians and by suggesting medical and psychological solutions mentioned above.

PBL(문제중심학습)을 적용한 '다문화 캠페인 송 만들기' 수업지도안

박주영 전남대학교 2021 국내석사

본 연구는 PBL(문제중심학습)을 적용한 ‘다문화 캠페인 송 만들기’ 수업지도안을 뮤지컬<빨래> 감상교육과 연계하여 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 우리나라는 개방화와 세계화로 인해 빠르게 다문화사회로 진입하며 한 국가 안에 서로 다른 인종과 민족 등 다양한 집단의 문화가 혼재하는 사회적 현상이 나타나게 되었다. 학생들은 이러한 다문화사회에서 발생하는 문제점을 파악하고 발생원인 및 해결방안을 발견하여, 바람직한 사회 구성원으로서 문제 해결을 위한 행동을 실천할 수 있어야 한다. 먼저 연구를 위해 다문화 교육에 대한 의미와 필요성 그리고 다문화 음악교육의 의미를 살펴보았으며, PBL(문제중심학습)과 만다라트 발상법(Mandal-Art)의 이론과 원리를 문헌 연구를 통해 살펴보았다. 살펴본 내용을 토대로 하여 뮤지컬 <빨래> 감상교육에서 PBL을 적용한 ‘다문화 캠페인 송 만들기’ 수업 모형을 개발하여 7단계를 총 5차시의 수업지도안으로 구성하여 제시하였다. 1차시는 ‘①수업 소개 단계’에서 PBL 수업과 절차를 소개하고, 2015 음악과 교육과정을 고려하여 학습 목표를 제시한 뒤 차별언어에 대한 질문을 통해 차별에 대해 생각해보고 평등 언어를 안내하며 동기를 유발한다. ‘②문제 제시 단계’에서 “다문화 캠페인 송 공모전을 개최합니다”의 문제를 제시하고, 문제 해결 조건으로 마지막에 발표할 ‘다문화 캠페인 송 만들기’ 음악 활동을 제시한다. ‘③문제 해결 시도 단계’에서 문제 해결을 위해 모둠을 나누고 모둠원의 역할을 분담한다. 2차시는 ‘③문제 해결 시도 단계’로 뮤지컬 <빨래> 감상을 통해 문제 해결의 다양한 아이디어를 수용한다. 뮤지컬 감상은 생각 열기, 문제 파악하기, 함께하는 공동체 세 부분으로 나누어서 감상하고 각각의 뮤지컬 넘버를 감상한 뒤 질문을 통해 문제에 대해 생각해본다. 감상 후에는 만다라트 활동지를 참고하여 다문화사회의 문제점, 발생원인, 해결방안, 실천행동에 대해 토의하고 온라인 클래스 학습 방을 통해 과제를 제시한다. 3차시는 ‘③문제 해결 시도 단계’에서 온라인 클래스 학습 방에 올라온 과제를 확인하고 종합하여 만다라트 활동지를 완성한 뒤 모둠별로 ‘다문화 캠페인 송 만들기’를 위해 주제 및 노래를 선정하고 개사 활동을 한다. ‘④자기 주도적 학습 단계’에서 ‘다문화 캠페인 송’ 연주를 위해 개인의 악기를 선정한 뒤 스스로 연주 시 유의점 및 연습 계획을 세우고 모둠원과 공유하도록 하여 연습에 책임감을 부여한다. 또한, 다문화사회를 조사하며 변화된 나의 생각이나 태도를 살펴보도록 하여 주제의 의미를 다시 한번 상기시킨다. 4차시는 ‘⑤협동 학습 단계’로 모둠별로 충분하게 연습한 후에 새로운 지식 및 피드백을 반영하여 모둠별 연습을 재종합한다. 5차시는 ‘⑥결과 발표 단계’에서 모둠별로 발표 준비가 끝나면 1차시 때 제시한 문제 해결 조건에 맞추어 발표한다. ‘⑦정리 및 평가 단계’에서 발표가 끝난 후 활동을 되돌아보며 자기평가, 모둠원평가, 모둠 간 평가 등을 실시하고, 뮤지컬 <빨래>의 커튼콜을 감상하며 성찰 및 반성하기를 거쳐 수업을 마친다. 본 연구를 통해 학생들은 다문화사회의 범위를 다양한 문화와 인종의 공존뿐만이 아니라 여성, 장애인과 같은 소수집단에 대한 이해로 확장하여 바라볼 수 있다. 그리고 학생들이 문제를 살펴보고 실천 행동을 음악으로 만들어보는 과정을 통해 다문화 음악교육의 다각적인 접근과 교육을 제공한다. 마지막으로, 학생들이 직접 캠페인 송을 만들어보며 다문화 음악수업과 관련된 새로운 학습자료를 제공하게 된다. 음악수업의 다양화를 위해 캠페인 송 만들기 외에도 다양한 음악 활동을 통해 다문화 음악수업이 이루어질 수 있기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to develop a class guidance plan for "Making Multicultural Campaign Song" using PBL (Problem-Based Learning) in conjunction with musical ‘Laundry’ listening education. Due to openness and globalization, Korea has rapidly entered a multicultural society, resulting in a social phenomenon in which cultures of various groups, including different races and ethnic groups, are mixed within a country. Students shall be able to identify problems arising from these multicultural societies, discover causes and solutions, and implement actions to solve problems as desirable members of society. We first looked at the meaning and necessity of multicultural education and the meaning of multicultural music education, and examined the theory and principles of problem- based learning (PBL) and Mandal-Art through literature studies. Based on the contents we examined, we developed a class model for "Making Multicultural Campaign Song" with PBL in the musical ‘Laundry’ listening education and presented seven steps in a total of five classes. The first, introduces PBL classes and procedures in the "①Level of Class Introduction", presents learning goals in consideration of 2015 music and curriculum, thinks about discrimination through questions about discrimination languages, guides equality languages, and motivates. In the "②Problem Presentation Stage," the question of "to hold a multi-cultural campaign song contest" is presented, and music activities for "to make multi-cultural campaign songs" to be announced at the end as a condition for solving the problem. In the "③Problem Solving Attempt Phase," the group is divided to solve the problem and the role of the group members is shared, The second, "③Trying to solve the problem" and embraces various ideas of problem solving through listening to the musical ‘Laundry’. Musical appreciation is divided into three parts: opening thoughts, identifying problems, and sharing communities, and listening to each musical number, and thinking about problems through questions. After the appreciation, refer to the Mandarat activity paper to discuss the problems, causes, solutions, and action behaviors of multicultural societies, and present tasks through online class learning rooms. The third, selects themes and songs for "Making Multicultural Campaign Song" by group after checking and aggregating the tasks posted in the online class study room during the "③Problem Solving Attempt Phase." After selecting an individual instrument to play the "Multicultural Campaign Song" at the "Self-directed Learning Stage," he/she will be responsible for the practice by setting up significance and practice plans and sharing them with the group members. Also, I remind you of the meaning of the topic by examining the multicultural society and looking at my changed thoughts and attitudes. The fourth is a 'cooperative learning step' that fully practices group by group and then re-assembles group by reflecting new knowledge and feedback. The fifth will announce according to the problem resolution conditions presented at the first round when the preparation for the presentation is completed in groups in the "⑥Result Presentation Steps“ After the presentation at the "⑦Organization and Evaluation Stage," the class will be completed after reflecting on and reflecting on the curtain call of the musical ‘Laundry’, reflecting on the activities. Through this study, students can expand the scope of a multicultural society to understand not only the coexistence of various cultures and races, but also minorities such as women and the disabled. It also provides multicultural music education and multicultural music education through the process of students looking at problems and making practical actions into music. Finally, students will make their own campaign songs and provide new learning materials related to multicultural music classes. In addition to making campaign songs for the diversification of music classes, we hope that multicultural music classes can be conducted through various music activities.