고온 챔버의 노즐형상에 따른 섬유가공기 유동 및 열전달 해석

박선명(Sun Myung Park),박태선(Tae Seon Park) 한국전산유체공학회 2015 한국전산유체공학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics of textile machine are numerically investigated. To examine the influence of flow structures on the drying performance of fabrics, the nozzle shape of high temperature chamber is changed. For several nozzles, flow and heat transfer characteristics are discussed. The results show that the drying performance is improved by controlling the angle and arrangement of nozzles corresponding to different drying conditions. This feature is strongly related to the enhancement of turbulent fluctuations and secondary flows.

시각적 주의와 기억에 나타난 백화점 로비공간의 주시 특성

박선명 ( Sun Myung Park ),김종하(교신저자) ( Jong Ha Kim ) 한국기초조형학회 2015 기초조형학연구 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 백화점 로비공간을 대상으로 주시실험을 실시하고, 이미지를 12격자로 분할한 후에 각 구역별 주시시간의특성을 통해 구역별 주시집중을 살펴봄으로써 공간 정보획득 과정에서 중요한 실마리를 제공할 수 있는 피험자의 기억과 의식적 주시에 나타난 시각적 특성을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이상의 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과는 다음과같다. 첫째, 이미지별 유효율이 S1은 94.9%, L4는 95.9%로 큰 차이가 없었다. 연속주시 6회에 나타난 유효율을보면 S1은 26.6%, L4는 34.4%로 L4에 대한 유효율이 매우 높았다. 피험자가 L4이미지를 보다 집중해서 많이 주시했다는 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 전체 구역에 대한 분포를 분석하기 위해 구역별 분포가 다른 최초 획득 데이터와 연속주시 6회를 서로 비슷한 비율분포를 가지게 하였다. 피험자의 구역별 주시시간의 분포를 기준으로 5개 구역으로 나누는 것이 가능했으며, 주시구역별 집중특성을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 주시실험 후에 피험자가 가장 많이 봤다고 기억하는 곳으로 S1 이미지에서는 Jh(5회)/Fd(4회), L4 이미지에서는 Ch(7회)가 높았다. 백화점 매장의 디스플레이 특성에 따라 가장 많이 주시했다고 기억하는 영역이 다르게 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있다. 넷째, S1 이미지의 기억설문에서는 Jh·Fd구역을 가장 많이 선택하고 있으나, 주시실험의 [일반적 주시]구역에서는 Fd구역은 주의집중을 한 것으로나타났으나, Jh구역에서 주시 우위는 없었다. 연속6회로 분석한 [의식적 주시]구역에서는 전혀 주시가 이루어지지않았다. This study examined visual characteristics revealed in memory and conscious observation through an analysis of correlation between gaze frequency and memory in order to analyze visual observation characteristics of department store lobby space during the visual information acquisition process. The study findings are as follows. First, the effective ratio of S1 and L4 was 94.9% and 95.9%, respectively and there was no big difference. During the six continuos observations, the effective ratio of S1 and L4 was 26.6% and 34.4%, respectively. This means that the subjects observed the L4 image a lot with a higher degree of concentration. Second, the initial acquired data with different zonal distributions and six continuous observations were set to have similar proportion distributions to analyze the distributions of the entire zone. As the result, it was possible to classify into five zones, based on the zonal distributions of observation time of the subjects and understand concentration characteristics of each observation zone. Third, as the areas to be most remembered by the subjects after the observation experiment, in the S1 image, Jh(5 times)/Fd(4 times) showed the highest proportion and in the L4 image, Ch(7 times) showed the highest proportion. This demonstrates that the area where was remembered to be observed the most by the subjects, varied depending on department store``s display characteristics. Fourth, in the memory questionnaire about the S1 image, the biggest number of the subjects chose the Jh·Fd zone, but in the [normal observation zone] of the observation experiment, the subjects showed attention to and concentration in the Fd zone, while there was no superiority of observation in the Jh zone. In the [selective observation zone] which was analyzed six times consecutively, no observation was found.

PET/CT 2D와 3D 영상 획득에서 방사능 집적에 따른 방사능 농도의 평가

박선명,홍건철,이혁,김기,최춘기,석재동,Park, Sun-Myung,Hong, Gun-Chul,Lee, Hyuk,Kim, Ki,Choi, Choon-Ki,Seok, Jae-Dong 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.1

양전자 방출 단층촬영은 세포의 생화학적 변화에 따른 방사성의약품의 집적 정도를 영상화함으로서 암을 조기에 진단할 수 있는 검사방법으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 집적 정도는 여러 가지 원인에 따라 발생될 수 있는 것으로 $^{18}F$-FDG 주사량, 종양의 크기, 혈중 포도당 농도 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 집적방사능과 2D와 3D 영상 획득이 방사능 농도(kBq/mL)에 미치는 영향에 대하여 평가하고자 한다. GE Discovery STe 16 PET/CT에서 1994 NEMA PET phantom을 이용하였으며, 배후방사능과 열소의 방사능 농도비가 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:10, 1:20, 1:30 표준이 되도록 하여 2D와 3D로 영상을 획득하였다. 재구성 방법으로 2D와 3D 모두에서 반복연산법으로 반복횟수 2회, 부분집합 20을 적용하였다. 그리고 CT 감쇠보정법과 획득 시간은 10분으로 설정하였다. 또한 영상분석은 열소의 중심과 배후방사능에 동일한 관심영역을 설정 한 후 각 부분의 방사능 농도를 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 설정된 관심영역의 배후방사능과 열소의 방사능 농도 비는 2D에서 1:1.93, 1:3.86, 1:7.79, 1:8.04, 1:18.72, 1:26.90, 3D는 1:1.95, 1:3.71, 1:7.10, 1:7.49, 1:15.10, 1:23.24 값을 얻었다. 또한 표준 방사능 농도비를 기준으로 한 백분율 차이(% Difference)는 2D에서 3.50%, 3.47%, 8.12%, 8.02%, 10.58%, 11.06%로 최소 3.47%에서 최대 11.06% 차이가 있고 3D는 3.66%, 4.80%, 8.38%, 23.92%, 23.86%, 22.69%로 최소 3.66%에서 최대 23.92%까지의 차이를 나타냈다. 방사능 농도가 증가할수록 실제 집적된 방사능 농도의 차이가 커짐을 알 수 있으며, 2D가 3D보다 평균 약 10.6% 높게 집적되어 방사능 농도 변화에 영향을 적게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 임상환자의 추적 검사에서 영상 획득 방법을 변화할 시 정확한 정량 평가를 위해서 이점을 고려하여 적용하여야 한다. Purpose: There has been recent interest in the radioactivity uptake and image acquisition of radioactivity concentration. The degree of uptake is strongly affected by many factors containing $^{18}F$-FDG injection volume, tumor size and the density of blood glucose. Therefore, we investigated how radioactivity uptake in target influences 2D or 3D image analysis and elucidate radioactivity concentration that mediate this effect. This study will show the relationship between the radioactivity uptake and 2D,3D image acquisition on radioactivity concentration. Materials and Methods: We got image with 2D and 3D using 1994 NEMA PET phantom and GE Discovery(GE, U.S.A) STe 16 PET/CT setting the ratio of background and hot sphere's radioactivity concentration as being a standard of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:30 respectively. And we set 10 minutes for CT attenuation correction and acquisition time. For the reconstruction method, we applied iteration method with twice of the iterative and twenty times subset to both 2D and 3D respectively. For analyzing the images, We set the same ROI at the center of hot sphere and the background radioactivity. We measured the radioactivity count of each part of hot sphere and background, and it was comparative analyzed. Results: The ratio of hot sphere's radioactivity density and the background radioactivity with setting ROI was 1:1.93, 1:3.86, 1:7.79, 1:8.04, 1:18.72, and 1:26.90 in 2D, and 1:1.95, 1:3.71, 1:7.10, 1:7.49, 1:15.10, and 1:23.24 in 3D. The differences of percentage were 3.50%, 3.47%, 8.12%, 8.02%, 10.58%, and 11.06% in 2D, the minimum differentiation was 3.47%, and the maximum one was 11.06%. In 3D, the difference of percentage was 3.66%, 4.80%, 8.38%, 23.92%, 23.86%, and 22.69%. Conclusion: The difference of accumulated concentrations is significantly increased following enhancement of radioactivity concentration. The change of radioactivity density in 2D image is affected by less than 3D. For those reasons, when patient is examined as follow up scan with changing the acquisition mode, scan should be conducted considering those things may affect to the quantitative analysis result and take into account these differences at reading.

시지각 주의집중에 대한 시선추적 조사방법의 가능성에 관한 연구

박선명(Park, Sun-Myung),김종하(Kim, Jong-Ha),이정호(Lee, Jeong-Ho) 대한건축학회 2015 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.31 No.6

In commercial spaces, the outcomes from acquisition of visual information by customers may be related to their consuming activities. If the time they spend paying attention to certain stimuli can be measured to be applied to space designing or displaying, it can be very helpful to aggressive commercial activities. Since the visual-perception responses to certain images in a commercial space is very immediate, the visual attention needs to be measured so that the customers’ visual experiences may be measured objectively. The spatial features are very closely related to observation, and accordingly this study has taken the research objects of spaces in department stores and employed eye-tracking so that the difference among observation intensities shown at observation features can be found out. The followings are the summarized analysis results. First, the observation intensity has been suggested as a frame for a relative comparison of where the subjects observed with intensive interest, through which it was possible to effectively analyze the observation features by design depending on the change to observation time. Second, while there was not a big difference of predominant numbers at Image A in the analysis by space pattern, Image B showed a higher predominant frequency at the left shops, which reason seems to be that the difference of spaces by department store made the attention to the left shops more intensive. Third, the number of ignorance intensity by eyed section has been extracted to suggest the reason for which sections the subjects to concretely ignored, which has been interpreted as the relative conception of dominant intensity so that the observation dominance and the ignorance can be linked to concrete space factors for analysis. Fourth, the analysis of observation intensity by section has revealed that the various compositions as in the image B lead to the observation intensity with higher composition. The various space configurations as at the image A was very helpful to attract intensive observation to the mid-space constructed by architecture.

창의공간 구현을 위한 초등교육공간의 디자인특성에 관한연구

박선명(Sun Myung Park),허정욱(Jeong Uk Heo),김종하(Jong Ha Kim) 한국디자인리서치학회 2023 한국디자인리서치 Vol.8 No.1

변화하는 미래사회를 대비한 교육환경의 변화가 중요한 이슈로 자리잡고 있는 시점에 교육시설을 대상으로 공간혁신사업이 전국적으로 확산되고 있다. 특히 이러한 교육시설 개선사업은 공급자와 전문가가 주도하는 시설 개선이 아닌, ‘사용자 참여 중심의 공간조성’이 사업의 핵심이다. 본 연구는 학교 공간 혁신사업의 일환인 대구 초등미래교육 리노베이션 사업의 2018년 사례를 중심으로 진행되었으며, 연구 방법은 첫째, 창의역량을 증진시키기 위한 물리적 환경의 중요성에 대해 파악하고, 창의공간을 구성하는 특성요소를 추출한다. 둘째 사례분석을 통한 변화된 공간 디자인 요소를 파악하고, 셋째, 창의적 교육공간의 대표특성을 추출하여 창의공간이 가지고 있는 디자인 특성 분석을 통해 창의적 교육을 지원하기 위한 교육공간의 디자인 특성을 파악하였다. 나아가 본 연구의 교육공간은 PV, PO, PF, VF, VCo 5가지 유형으로 분류가 가능했으며, 개선 대상이 된 초등학교 저학년 교실공간을 살펴본 결과 다양한 경험이 가능한 놀이적 활동이 주요 요구사항이었고, 이를 바탕으로 한 공간디자인이 특성이 반영된 것을 알 수 있었다. At a time when changes in the educational environment in preparation for a changing future society are becoming an important issue, spatial innovation projects are spreading nationwide for educational facilities. In particular, the core of the project is not to improve facilities led by suppliers and experts, but to create a space centered on user participation. This study focused on the 2018 project of the Daegu Elementary Future Education Renovation Project, which is part of the school space innovation project. First, the research method identifies the importance of the physical environment to enhance creative capabilities and extracts the characteristic elements thatmake up the creative space. Second, the changed spatial design elements were identified through case analysis, and third, the design characteristics of the educational space were identified to support creative education through the design characteristics analysis of the creative educational space. Furthermore, the educational space of this study could be classified into five types: PV, PO, PF, VF, and VCo. Playful activitieswith various experienceswere themain requirements and the design characteristicswere reflected.

시선추적을 이용한 선택적 시각탐색에 대한 기초적 연구

박선명(Park, Sun-Myung),김종하(Kim, Jong-Ha) 한국실내디자인학회 2015 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.24 No.2

Gaze induction characteristics in space vary depending on characteristics of spatial components and display. This study analyzed dominant eye-fixation characteristics of three zones of department store space. Eye-fixation characteristics depending on spatial components and positional relationship can be defined as follows. First, [**.jpg] was used as an extension in the process of storing the image photographed during image data processing for analysis in pixels and due to compressed storage of image data, the image produced with a clear boundary was stored in neutral colors. To remove this problem, the image used in operation was re-processed in black and white and stored in the [**.bmp] format with large capability, at the same time. As the result, the effort caused by unnecessary colors in the program operation process was corrected. Second, the gaze ratio to space area can be indicated as a strength of each gaze zone and when analyzing the gaze strength of the three zones, the left store was a zone with a 「little strong」 gaze strength of 「102.8」, the middle space was a zone with an 「extremely weak」 gaze strength of 「89.6」 and the right store was a zone with an 「extremely strong」 gaze strength of 「117.2」. Third, the Ⅳ section had a strong strength of gaze on the middle space and the right store and the Ⅴ section showed a markedly strong strength of gaze on the left and right stores. This tendency was the same as the Ⅵ section with the strongest gaze strength and the right store had a little strong gaze strength than the left store.

시선추적에 나타난 백화점 로비공간의 주사유형 특성에 관한 연구

박선명 ( Sun Myung Park ),최계영 ( Gae Young Choi ),김종하 ( Jong Ha Kim ),이정호 ( Jeong Ho Lee ) 한국기초조형학회 2015 기초조형학연구 Vol.16 No.5

본 연구는 백화점 로비공간 이미지의 주시특성을 분석하기 위해, 여성을 대상으로 한 의식조사와 이미지의 유형화를 통해 대표 이미지를 선정하였다. 성별에 따른 주시에 차이가 있는 관계로, 주시실험은 여성을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 피험자는 목적성 문구를 듣고 실험에 임하였다. 실험을 통해 획득한 주시데이터를 대상으로 디자인 차이에 나타난 로비공간의 주사유형을 정리하였는데, 이상의 연구를 통해 정리한 결과는 다음 몇 가지로 정리할 수 있다. 첫째, 백화점이 가지고있는 전체적인 이미지는 고급스러움이 37.4%로 가장 높았으며, 디스플레이(51.7%)가 공간을 구성하는 대표요소로 나타났다. 둘째, 이미지 유형별 주사유형의 출현빈도를 보면, 시작은 A 형 이미지가 B 형에 비해 높았으나 Ⅳ구간(30-40 초)을 지나면서 빈도가 역전되어 B 이미지에 대한 주사빈도가 높았는데, 이것은 B 형의 공간특성이 더 높은 주사 빈도를유발한 것으로 보인다. 셋째, 시간구간 별 주사유형의 빈도분석결과, A 형 이미지는 「집중, 대각」, B 형 이미지는 「혼합, 대각」이 높았다. 「대각」은 A, B 유형 모두 25.4%, 25.1%로 비슷하게 나타나고 있어 공간특성과 무관한 것으로 보인다. 한편 유형별 비교에서 「집중」은 A 형이 8.3%, 「혼합」은 B 형이 9.9% 높았는데, 디자인유형의 차이로 인해 A 형은 「집중」을 B 형은 「혼합」주사를 강하게 유발하는 공간특성을 가진 것으로 볼 수 있다. This study has selected the representative images from the survey of women`s awareness and stereotyping of images in order to analyze the observation features of images at lobbies of department stores. Since there are differences between males and females, the experiment was conducted only with women, where the subjects were made to listen intentive phrases first before the experiment. The data acquired from the experiment have been applied for summarize the scanning patterns shown at diverse designs. The followings are the findings from the research. First, the luxury of the overall image of department stores was found to be the most (37.4%), the display (51.7%) being found to the representative element composing of the space. Second, given the appearing frequency of scanning pattern by image, the beginning with Image A was found to be higher than that with Image B, while with the pass through Range IV (30~40seconds), the scanning frequency of Image B was revealed to be higher, where the space features of Image B is thought of having caused higher frequency. Third, the estimation of the frequency of scanning pattern by time range has indicated that Image A has more “concentration, diagonal” and Image B more “combination, diagonal”, while both Images of A and B were found to have almost the same amount of “diagonal” with 25.4% and 25.1%, which explains that images are not related to space features. On the other hand, at the comparison of patterns, Image A had 8.3% higher “Concentration” and Image B higher 9.9% “Combination”, which makes it possible to assume that the differences among design types have the space features causing Image A to have higher “Concentration” and B to be with stronger “Combination” scanning.

역사문화자원을 활용한 가로 정비사업의 계획특성에 관한연구

박선명(Park, Sun-Myung),이정호(Lee, Jeong-Ho) 한국주거환경학회 2015 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.13 No.1

The change of cities where were developed indiscriminately into the targets of "regeneration" and "preservation" using historical and cultural resources has made it possible to develop for preservation of the city"s own identity, that is, regionality. Especially, a lot of urban regeneration projects using historical and cultural resources have been implemented focusing on the streets where are spaces for exchange of urban residents and have economical, social and cultural elements to have been accumulated for a long period of time. Therefore, this paper aims to extract street spatial planning elements from the historic street improvement projects of urban regeneration projects using historical and cultural resources and analyze the application methods and characteristics. First, the historic street planning elements such as continuity, placeness, culturality and symbolism extracted by previous studies were analyzed. It was also identified that for preserving historical and cultural resources, the regeneration and revitalization techniques were used the most among various planning characteristics. This study has significance as basic data for a sustainable growth of cities by mentioning the importance of historical and cultural resources in urban development and analyzing the planning characteristics of urban regeneration projects in order to prevent urban uniformity caused by indiscriminate development and preserve regional identity.

시선추적을 이용한 실시간 시지각 정보 획득특성에 관한 연구

박선명(Park, Sun-Myung) 한국실내디자인학회 2017 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

This study examined the domains of moving path-based gaze information through realtime eye tracking of continued circulation of commercial spaces and analyzed spatial components. In order to get over the limitation of space evaluation targeting filming images in the existing space evaluation studies using eye tracking, eye tracking of continued circulation presented in the video filmed, not the department store’s space images was conducted. As the result, it facilitated user’s direct space evaluation more. The results of the acquisition method of gaze information of spatial components in continued circulation of the department store are as follows. First, for an equal comparison of each section, five spheres were set depending on the gaze frequency per second and spatial components of the division in sphere 1 with the highest gaze frequency were analyzed. As the result, four image sections showed more frequent movements of gaze at the display method of the right store. Second, in relation to spatial components of the stores, it was found that the right store used the same display method as the showcase in the store. This means that the subjects gazed at the display of the right store more than the stand or the hanger-type display of the left store. In conclusion, it is considered that for space design of commercial facilities, this analysis method makes it possible to analyze design elements and spatial characteristics, which catch the attention of consumers, and the characteristics of spatial components examined in this study could be applied to design through diverse approaches that take product display methods and heights of product display preferred by consumers into account. It is anticipated that if further research analyzes movements of gaze along with gaze information of grid area would, based on gaze information from each subject, it would be possible to provide design data for applying to displays of commercial spaces.

Brain SPECT 검사 시 Dynamic Continuous Mode의 유용성 평가

박선명,김수영,최성욱,Park, Sun Myung,Kim, Soo Yung,Choi, Sung Wook 대한핵의학기술학회 2017 핵의학 기술 Vol.21 No.1

본원에서 시행하는 Brain SPECT 검사는 $^{99m}Tc-ECD$ 또는 $^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$를 주사 한 후 뇌 영상을 얻어 뇌 관류상태를 평가하는 검사이다. 하지만 검사 중 일부 환자 상태가 불안정할 경우 움직임이 발생하여 재촬영이나 검사실패로 이어지는 경우가 발생 된다. 이에 현재의 Step and Shoot Mode(SSM)이 아닌 움직임이 발생되더라도 재구성을 통해 영상 구현이 가능한 Dynamic Continuous Mode(DCM)를 적용하여 환자의 재촬영과 피폭선량을 감소시키고 검사실에 운영 효율성을 높이고자함에 있다. Deluxe PET/SPECT Phantom과 Hoffman 3D Brain Phantom으로 Filtered Back Projection(FBJ)과 Iterated Reconstruction(IR)으로 재구성하여 영상을 구현하였다. 이미지를 가지고 핵의학과 5년이상의 임상경력이 있는 의사 5명과 방사선사 5명을 대상으로 리커트 5점 척도(Likert 5 Scale)와 블라인드 판독 테스트를 실시 하였다. 판독의 블라인드 테스트 결과 최소 DCM 3Repeat (30%)에서 7Repeat (50%)까지 판독에 영향을 주지 않는다고 답해 주었다. DCM으로 검사 시 환자 움직임이 발생되면 불필요한 부분을 제거하여 재촬영, 재주사의 감소를 가져올 수 있고, 장비 오류 시 영상을 재구성 후 구현 할 수 있어 검사실 운영 효율도 높을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 SPECT검사뿐 만 아니라 SPECT/CT검사 에서도 활발한 연구가 적용 될 거라 기대 되며 마지막으로 실제 환자 적용은 환자 데이터의 충분한 수집 후 병원 판독 실정에 맞게 도입이 필요 하리라 사료된다. Purpose During Brain SPECT study, critical factor for proper study with $^{99m}Tc-ECD$ or $^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$ is one of the important causes to patent's movement. It causes both improper diagnosis and examination failure. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Dynamic Continuous Mode Acquisition compared to Step and Shoot Mode to raise efficacy and reject the data set with movement, as well as, be reconstructed in certain criteria. Materials and Methods Deluxe Jaszczak phantom and Hoffman 3D Brain phantom were used to find proper standard data set and exact time. Step and Shoot Mode and Dynamic Continuous Mode Acquisition were performed with SymbiaT16. Firstly, Deluxe Jaszczak phantom was filled with $Na^{99m}TcO_4$ 370 MBq and obtained in 60 minutes to check spatial resolution compared with Step and Shoot Mode and Dynamic Continuous Mode. The second, the Hoffman 3D Phantom filled with $Na^{99m}TcO_4$ 74 MBq was acquired for 15 Frame/minutes to evaluate visual assessment and quantification. Finally, in the Deluxe Jaszczak phantom, Spheres and Rods were measured by MI Apps program as well as, checking counts with the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebellum and hypothalamus parts was performed in the Hoffman 3D Brain Phantom. Results In Brain SPECT Study, using Dynamic Continuous Mode rather than current Step and Shoot Mode, we can do the reading using the 20 to 50 % of the acquired image, and during the test if the patient moves, we can remove unneeded image to reduce the rate of restudy and reinjection. Conclusion Dynamic Continuous Mode in Brain study condition enhances effects compared to Step and Shoot Mode. And also is powerful method to reduce reacquisition rate caused by patient movement. The findings further indicate that it suggest rejection limit to maintain clinical value with certain reconstruction factors compared with Tomo data set. Further examination to improve spatial resolution, SPECT/CT should be the answer for that.