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손수정(Soo J. Sohn),목은지(Eunji Mok) 과학기술정책연구원 2022 STEPI Insight Vol.- No.299
⦁The maintenance of the intellectual property environment has been the cornerstone of industrialization, operating as a major system that drives industrial transformation and growth. - Historically, the shift in intellectual property hegemony led to the shift in the power of industrialization, and it is evaluated that the creation of an environment for intellectual property served as a major input resource for economic growth as the basis for industrialization. - As the driving force for national development has shifted to an economic system that relies on knowledge, major innovative countries have paid attention to intellectual property. ⦁Intellectual property will be used as a weapon in the countrys trade and related disputes, and will function as the most powerful weapon in the global innovation game. - Therefore, the strengthening of intellectual property capacity is an essential task that must be examined for innovative growth and entry and subsist in the global value chain. ⦁The intelligent digital innovation environment where awareness is expanded along with the development of related technologies and policy attention is concentrated. - In particular, the formation of an intelligent digital manufacturing ecosystem, the convergence of knowledge, and the disappearance of boundaries are major challenges that innovation activities are faced. ⦁In addition to digitalization, external shock factors affecting innovation activities such as climate change, technological hegemony, and COVID-19 are expanding ⦁This Insight aims to suggest the necessity and direction of change in intellectual property policy governance. ⦁Intellectual property-related policies serve as a channel from one industry to another and serve as a tool for innovation in a specific industry to spread to other industries. ⦁Unless industry-related intellectual property policies are linked among departments dealing with industrial policies, synergistic effects of industrial innovation cannot be expected. ⦁Therefore, this Insight examine whether the current structure is suitable for this connection. ⦁We would like to suggest the need for efficient redesign of governance, securing global leadership based on internal capabilities. ∎Policy Recommendations 1. Amend ‘Framework Act on Intellectual Property’ ⦁The Act should understand and reexamine the IP environment required in the era of digital transformation. ⦁Required provisions for digitization and policy efficiency are enacted, and existing provisions are amended. 2. Elevate the Council to the Central Administrative Agency ⦁It has responsibilities and authority as a central administrative agency. ⦁It coordinates the policies of each ministry and leads the key agenda for the national IP competitiveness. 3. Appoint the IP Special Advisor ⦁The Advisor leads the national vision for the enforcement of intellectual property rights and advises the President. ⦁The Advisor is responsible for coordinating the efforts of the pan-ministries engaged in intellectual property policy.
기술규제 개혁을 위한 의제설정 연구사업(2차년도) - 제2권: 기술규제 사전타당성 분석체계 구축방안 -
이광호(Kwang Ho Lee),김명순(Myungsoon Kim),목은지(Eunji Mok),박현준(Hyunjun Park),박정원(Jungwon Park),원소연(Soh-Yeon Won),이수일(Suil Lee),이종연(Jongyearn Lee) 과학기술정책연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
The pre-feasibility analysis is carried out in accordance with ‘Framework Act on Administrative Regulations’. However, it has following limitations. First, the scope of targets analysed is limited to regulations newly adopted or reinforced except for that are mitigated or abolished which highly required recently. Second, there is a limit to realise the industry as a whole by current cost-benefit analysis directly conducted by a relevant company. Third, it is difficult to grasp the overall reality of regulatory impacts with current analysis unit based on articles. Fourth, it does not reflect enough on the distinct characteristics of technological regulations with complex options to tackle. This study analysed the cost-benefit analysis with the cases of not only newly adopted and reinforced but also mitigated in order to overcome those limitations. In addition, the study tried to find concrete and practical policy alternatives by setting various assumptions to reflect market impacts by regulatory changes. There were two cases: Direct-To-Consumer Genetic testing as a deregulation case, and labelling nanomaterials for cosmetics as a reinforced regulation. The research designed cost-benefit analysis model for each case and the WTP(willingness to pay) was derived through surveys, followed by quantitative and qualitative analysis. As a result of case study, a plenty of assumptions are needed in quantitative analysis and the results are showed great changes when market sensitivity changed. Moreover, it found that it is necessary to link with qualitative analysis to supplement quantitative analysis which is highly variable. There are five policy suggestions given the following: First, it is necessary to establish a department of technological regulation in the regulatory reform committee and to strengthen its deliberation functions. In the case with hugh impact, however, should designate pre-feasibility analysis before the preliminary announcement on legislation. Second, it should improve reliability of ripple effects predictions by economic analysis based on multi-dimensional and multi-standard perspectives. It should present comparative alternatives in considering stakeholders who influenced by regulations as broadly as possible. Third, the checklist showed in the study should be used as conducting the pre-feasibility analysis practically. The checklist can be applicable in conjunction with ex post impact assessment. Fourth, it is required to improve administrative efficiency by differentiating analysis levels and upgrading regulatory infrastructure. Building a professional database and a platform that shares analysis results and methods could increase reliability. Fifth, it should be linked with the introduction of ex post impact assessment system. It requires that relevant articles should be added to the ‘Framework Act on Administrative Regulations’. Also an independent organisation from the department should carry out the ex post impact assessment in order to avoid political controversy.
기술규제 개혁을 위한 의제설정 연구사업(2차년도) - 제1권: 기술규제 의제설정 연구 -
이광호(Kwang Ho Lee),박찬수(Chan Soo Park),김석관(Seok Kwan Kim),조용래(Yong Rae Cho),김명순(Myungsoon Kim),목은지(Eunji Mok),박현준(Hyunjun Park),권기석 과학기술정책연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
This study has successively sought core agendas and countermeasures towards them since last year. This study has covered all the four independent agendas, which share a penetrating issue as ‘relationship between innovation and regulation’, and suggested alternatives to overcome regulatory reform of the government by examining the present system. Findings and implications drew from the four research agendas, ‘research foundation-technology-industry infrastructure’, are as follows. First of all, this study analyzed the trends and characteristics of technology-related regulatory research using network analysis. Especially, it analyzed trends and directions of academic research, as a consecutive study that analyzed domestic news articles. Based on the result, domestic research of technological regulation has revolved around Law, and has wide variation depending on the issues. This is in contrast to the trends of overseas research that methodologies develop as the research of technological regulation expands to other disciplines such as economics and development studies. Domestic research of technological regulation has limitations such as lack of academic foundation, lack of continuity and insufficient theoretical development, therefore, it is time to consider coping plans to solve the problems. Second, this paper analyzed regulatory issues arising from blockchain. The uncertainty of blockchain requires changes in viewpoint towards GPTs or disruptive technologies, and it is crucial to complement standards and legal systems. Regarding issues of standards, it is essential to enhance interoperability, setting standards for evaluation, consolidating cyber-security and privacy and SEPs of the blockchain. Issues arising from legal systems, it is important to apply different approaches to the government and private sector to overcome the uncertainty of restriction and fostering. Third, this study conducted case studies of O2O to improve operating patterns and resolve the issues on the entry regulations of the new industry. This study categorized O2O business models based on novelty, relationships with current businesses, the intensity of regulation and analyzed five cases: Uber, Airbnb, Callbus, Heydealer and Veluga. Based on the analysis, problems occurred such as neglecting customer preference, insufficient reviews of path dependency of regulation and insufficient estimation of the ripple effect caused by deregulation. Following suggestions can be taken as countermeasures: systematization to maximize consumer benefits, detecting changes in the legislative environment and obtaining an objective basis while estimating pre-socioeconomic impacts. Fourth, this study analyzed leading TIC companies to formulate master plans for developing the infrastructure of technological regulation. UL, TUV and SGS were the subjects of analysis which have a long history in TIC industry, and we analyzed their growth processes based on the framework of ‘growth strategy-competition-system’. Based on the result, balancing between the accumulation of innovative capacity in a company and separation of public and market function played an important role in coevolution with government systems. As an implication for domestic TIC organizations, it needs to separate public and private characteristics, enhancing global competitiveness and intensified supervision of public areas.