從工夫論的角度論陽明哲學中良知與氣的關係

李彬 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2019 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.31

當前學界對陽明哲學的研究以“良知”爲中心而漸次展開,宋明理學中“理氣”或“性氣”的對立,在陽明心學中被轉換爲“良知”與“氣”的關係。“氣”在陽明哲學中的地位相比宋代理學那裡,有了極大的提高。首先,良知“以其流行謂之氣”命題的提出;其次,對“生之謂性”的重新評價,重申“性即氣,氣即性”,故良知發用不能“外了氣”;再次,“萬物一體”以“同此一氣”或“一氣流通”爲前提。但經過進一步考察我們發現,首先,“致良知”不致力於對治氣稟之雜,而是從本體上做工夫,自然達到“不動氣”的效驗。其次,“萬物一體”的本體論基礎仍然是“良知”,而非一般認爲的“氣”。再次,良知雖不可離氣而言,但終究是良知決定氣,而非氣決定良知。因此,陽明雖然重視“氣”,但他用“良知”吸納“氣”的做法,實際上消解了“氣”的客觀性。 At present, the study of Yangming’s philosophy is centered on conscience 良知. But “conscience” in Yangming’s philosophy is not a purely moral concept, but an ontological concept. In the Neo Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties, the opposition between qi 气 and li 理 or qi and “human nature” (xing 性) was converted to the relationship between “conscience” and qi in Yangming’s philosophy. The status of qi in Yangming philosophy has been greatly improved compared with the Song Dynasty. But for Yangming, “extending the conscience” (zhiliangzhi 致良知) is not committed to change qi in the human body, but to extend the conscience itself. The ontological foundation of “all things share one body” can only be “conscience” instead of qi. Therefore, conscience can not be separated from qi, but after all, conscience determines qi rather than qi determines conscience. Investigating the relationship between “conscience” and qi is of great significance for us to further grasp Yangming’s philosophy and its inheritance and development of Neo-Confucianism with in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, although Yang ming attaches great importance to qi, his attempt to absorb qi with his conscience actually dispels the objectivity of qi.

글루타메이트로 유도된 쥐 해마 HT22 세포의 산화적 손상에 대한 서양민들레 지상부의 뇌신경세포 보호활성

리빈,이동성,최현규,김경수,지혜영,노정미,김기모,김윤철,Li, Bin,Lee, Dong-Sung,Choi, Hyun-Gyu,Kim, Kyung-Su,Ji, Hye-Young,Rho, Jung-Mi,Kim, Ki-Mo,Kim, Youn-Chul 대한약학회 2011 약학회지 Vol.55 No.4

Glutamate-induced oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as epilepsy and ischemia. Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts against oxidants that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the standard extracts of Taraxacum officinale Weber, one of the original plants of Taraxaci Herba, on glutamate-induced oxidative injury in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. The standard EtOH extract of the aerial parts of T. officinale (NNMBS270) showed significant cytoprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, while the roots' extract (NNMBS271) did not show neuroprotective effect. These results suggest that the extract of the aerial parts of T. officinale could be an effective candidate for the treatment of ROS-related neurological diseases.

포공영 기원 흰 민들레 뿌리 추출물의 항염증 효과

이동성,리빈,이윤정,천현자,류일환,지연주,채권우,권요셉,손지우,강현규,이성희,안인파,이호섭 대한구강악안면병리학회 2011 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Taraxaci Herba has long been used in herbal medicine for their choleretic, anti-heumatic and diuretic properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of origin plants of Taraxaci Herba, Taraxacum coreanum Nakai, as an anti-inflammatory agent in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation in BV2 cells. NNMBS273, the EtOH extracts of roots T. coreanum was examined for anti-neuronal inflammatory activity as new drug development. The roots of T. coreanum, showed the potent anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammation in microglial BV2 cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of NNMBS273, the EtOH extracts of roots T. coreanum was demonstrated by the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including pro-inflammatory enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β). These results suggest that the roots T. coreanum may be a promising candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases related to neuroinflammation.

HO-1 유도 Sappanchalcone의 당뇨병성 혈관 염증 억제 효능

이윤정,리빈,윤정주,이소민,이용표,김윤철,강대길,이호섭 대한구강악안면병리학회 2013 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Sappanchalcone, a biologically active compound isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L., is reported to exert a variety of biological activities, such as neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory actions and inhibitory effect on antigen-induced beta hexosaminidase release. However, the vascular protective effects of this compound are not fully understood. The present study examined the effects of sappanchalcone in suppressing cell adhesion molecules expression in high glucose stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Sappanchalcone significantly decreased 25 mM high glucose-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Sappanchalcone also significantly inhibited the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, we found that the vascular protective effects of sappanchalcone were linked to the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression in HUVEC. The effects of sappanchalcone on the high glucose-induced expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were partially reversed by treatment of the cells with an inhibitor of HO-1, tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP). Based on these results, these findings suggest that sappanchalcone-induced HO-1 expression plays a key role in the vascular protective effects of sappanchalcone in HUVEC.

자화지정 기원 식물의 뇌세포 보호 효과

이동성,리빈,이윤정,천현자,류일환,지연주,채권우,김영숙,손지우,강현규,이성희,안인파,이호섭,김윤철 대한구강악안면병리학회 2011 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Glutamate-induced oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy and ischemia. Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts against oxidants that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The EtOH extracts of Viola mandshurica (NNMBS274), Viola patrinii (NNMBS275) and Viola papilionacea Pursh (NNMBS276), origin plants of Violae Herba, showed the potent neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Among them, NNMBS275, the extract of V. patrinii possessed the protective effects against glutamate toxicity by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. These results suggest that extracts of V. patrinii could be the effective candidates for the treatment of ROS-related neurological diseases. Furthermore, it is suggested that the protective effects of V. patrinii extract due to inducing the expression of HO-1 as an antioxidant/cytoprotective target

Effects of geometry structure on system pressure and uniform flow in divide manifold

Bin Li(리빈),Tae Seon Park(박태선) 한국추진공학회 2022 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.5

건강 추출물의 뇌세포 보호 작용

정길생,리빈,이동성,최현규,김윤철 한국생약학회 2010 생약학회지 Vol.41 No.3

Glutamate-induced oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS)diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy and ischemia. Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts against oxidants that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. NNMBS098, a composition comprising the water insoluble of the 70% EtOH extract of Zingiberis Rhizoma, showed the potent neuroprotective effects on glutamateinduced neurotoxicity by induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and increased HO activity in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Furthermore, NNMBS098 caused the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. In addition, we found that treatment with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125) reduced NNMBS098-induced HO-1 expression and NNMBS098 also increased JNK phosphorylation. Therefore,these results suggest that NNMBS098 increases cellular resistance to glutamate-induced oxidative injury in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, presumably through JNK pathway-Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression.

HO-1 유도 Sappanchalcone의 당뇨병성 혈관 염증 억제 효능

이윤정,리빈,이소민,이용표,김윤철,강대길,이호섭,윤정주 대한구강악안면병리학회 2013 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Sappanchalcone, a biologically active compound isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L., is reported to exert a variety of biological activities, such as neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory actions and inhibitory effect on antigen-induced beta hexosaminidase release. However, the vascular protective effects of this compound are not fully understood. The present study examined the effects of sappanchalcone in suppressing cell adhesion molecules expression in high glucose stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Sappanchalcone significantly decreased 25 mM high glucose-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Sappanchalcone also significantly inhibited the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, we found that the vascular protective effects of sappanchalcone were linked to the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression in HUVEC. The effects of sappanchalcone on the high glucose-induced expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were partially reversed by treatment of the cells with an inhibitor of HO-1, tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP). Based on these results, these findings suggest that sappanchalcone-induced HO-1 expression plays a key role in the vascular protective effects of sappanchalcone in HUVEC.

포공영 기원 흰 민들레 뿌리 추출물의 항염증 효과

이동성,리빈,이윤정,천현자,류일환,지연주,채권우,권요셉,손지우,강현규,이성희,안인파,이호섭 대한구강악안면병리학회 2011 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Taraxaci Herba has long been used in herbal medicine for their choleretic, anti-heumatic and diuretic properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of origin plants of Taraxaci Herba, Taraxacum coreanum Nakai, as an anti-inflammatory agent in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation in BV2 cells. NNMBS273, the EtOH extracts of roots T. coreanum was examined for anti-neuronal inflammatory activity as new drug development. The roots of T. coreanum, showed the potent anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammation in microglial BV2 cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of NNMBS273, the EtOH extracts of roots T. coreanum was demonstrated by the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including pro-inflammatory enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β). These results suggest that the roots T. coreanum may be a promising candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases related to neuroinflammation.

포공영 기원 흰 민들레 뿌리 추출물의 항염증 효과

이동성,리빈,이윤정,천현자,류일환,지연주,채권우,권요셉,손지우,강현규,이성희,안인파,이호섭 대한구강악안면병리학회 2011 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.35 No.4

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;Taraxaci Herba has long been used in herbal medicine for their choleretic, anti-heumatic and diuretic properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of origin plants of Taraxaci Herba, Taraxacum coreanum Nakai, as an anti-inflammatory agent in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation in BV2 cells. NNMBS273, the EtOH extracts of roots T. coreanum was examined for anti-neuronal inflammatory activity as new drug development. The roots of T. coreanum, showed the potent anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammation in microglial BV2 cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of NNMBS273, the EtOH extracts of roots T. coreanum was demonstrated by the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including pro-inflammatory enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β). These results suggest that the roots T. coreanum may be a promising candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases related to neuroinflammation.</P>