복부비만이 제2형 당뇨병 및 공복혈당장애 발생에 미치는 영향: 후향적 코호트 연구

류승호,백승호,김동일,서병성,김원술,성기철,장유수,Ryu, Seung-Ho,Beck, Sung-Ho,Kim, Dong-Il,Suh, Byung-Seong,Kim, Woon-Sool,Sung, Ki-Chul,Chang, Yoo-Soo 대한예방의학회 2004 예방의학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Objectives : This study was performed to determine whether an increase in abdominal obesity is an independent risk factor for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 DM. Methods : Among 24,212 adults over 30 years who undertook comprehensive medical screening examinations from Jan to Dec 1999, in a university hospital in Seoul, a total of 11,183 subjects were selected who had no DM at baseline and who were followed up more than once by Dec 2002. The average follow up period was 2.4 (${\pm}0.5$) years. DM was defined as having a fasting glucose level $\geq$ 126mg/dl, and impaired fasting glucose as showing a fasting glucose level between 110 and 125 mg/dl. Body weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were simultaneously measured with blood sampling. The relative risks (RRs) for DM and impaired fasting glucose by WC were calculated using Cox proportional hazard model. Ageadjusted rates were estimated by direct standardization using a reference population of 2000 from 30 to 80 years. Results : The average age of the subjects was 41.7 (${\pm}7.0$) years; males 41.2 (${\pm}6.5$) and females 45.6 (${\pm}9.2$). RRs for type 2 DM by WC with the reference group of WC < 80cm were as follows: 2.66 (95%, CI $0.55{\sim}12.8$) for WC of $80{\sim}89cm$ in men, 5.92 (95%, CI $1.08{\sim}32.3$) for WC $\geq$ 90 cm in men, and 2.64 (95%, CI $0.23{\sim}29.8$) for WC of $80{\sim}89cm$ in females. RRs for impaired fasting glucose by WC were 3.03 (95%, CI $2.18{\sim}4.22$) for WC $80{\sim}89cm$ in men, 6.10 (95%, CI $4.25{\sim}8.75$) for WC $\geq$ 90cm in men, and 1.56 (95%, CI $0.43{\sim}5.67$) for WC $80{\sim}89cm$ in women, and 8.08 (95%, CI $2.22{\sim}29.4$) for WC $\geq$ 90cm in females. These results remained significant after adjustment for age, BMI and fasting glucose concentrations at baseline in both sexes. Annual increment of more than 1 cm in WC was associated with the development of DM and impaired fasting glucose independently of age, sex, BMI, or presence of abdominal obesity. Conclusion : In Korean adults, abdominal obesity increased the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. This result supports many other prospective studies suggesting abdominal obesity as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

서울 경기지역 성인의 C형 간염 바이러스 항체 양성자 평균발생률; 후향적 코호트 연구 - 일개 병원의 종합검진 자료를 중심으로 -

류승호,김동일,서병성,김원술,장유수,백승호,이수진,김용규,송재철,Ryu, Seung-Ho,Kim, Dong-Il,Suh, Byung-Seong,Kim, Woon-Sool,Chang, Yoo-Soo,Beck, Sung-Ho,Lee, Soo-Jin,Kim, Yong-Kyu,Song, Jae-Chul 대한예방의학회 2004 예방의학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Objectives : This study was performed to determine the incidence density and the prevalence of sero-positive hepatitis C from 1999 to 2002 among adults aged 20 and over residing in Seoul and the Gyeonggi province. Method : The data for period was obtained from 114,635 adults, residing in Seoul or the Gyeonggi province, who had undertaken comprehensive health screening tests from Jan 1999 to Dec 2002 in a University hospital in Seoul. Among them, subjects with sero-negative status against hepatitis C were selected (21,408 in 1999, 28,830 in 2000) and then followed up until Dec 2002 to determine the incidence of hepatitis C during this period. The serum was tested with the immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) which uses third generation HCV antibody. Age adjusted rates were estimated by direct standardization using a reference population of 2000 aged from 20 to 80 years. Results : The prevalence of anti-HCV from 1999 to 2002 was 2.1 per 1000 persons(95% CI $1.8{\sim}2.4$). Male showed 1.7 per 1000 persons (95% CI $1.4{\sim}2.1$), while female showed 2.7 per 1000 persons(95% CI $2.2{\sim}3.2$). Age?sex adjusted rate showed 2.8 per 1000 persons (95% CI $2.64{\sim}2.96$), which is lower than the results of some previous study. The prevalence showed a significantly increasing pattern with age both in males and females (p<0.05). The incidence density of anti-HCV among the population aged 20 and over was 1.1 per 104 person-years at risk (95% CI $0.6{\sim}2.4$); 1.2 (95% CI $0.6{\sim}2.7$) for males and 0.8 (95% CI $0.6{\sim}4.2$) for females. Age adjusted incidence density was 2.91 per 104 person-years at risk (95% CI $2.43{\sim}3.38$) for those aged 20 and over. It showed an increasing pattern with age (p<0.05), especially for those age over 50 years. Conclusion : The study subjects for this study were supposedly healthier than the general population so the prevalence and incidence for the general population are thought to be higher than the results of the present study.

공복혈당장애의 기준 하한치에 관한 코호트연구 - 일개병원 종합건강자료를 중심으로 -

류승호,김동일,서병성,김원술,장유수,Ryu, Seung-Ho,Kim, Dong-Il,Suh, Byung-Seong,Kim, Woon-Sool,Chang, Yoo-Soo 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Objectives: Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) redefined the criteria of prediabetes, which has lowered the diagnostic level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from 110 to 125 mg/dl, down to levels between 100 to 125mg/dl. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive cutoff level of FPG as a risk for the development of diabetes mellitus in Korean men. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 11,423 (64.5%) out of 17,696 males $\leq$30 years of age, and who met the FPG of $\leq$125 mg/dl and hemoglobin A1c of $\leq$ 6.4% criteria, without a history of diabetes, and who were enrolled at the screening center of a certain university hospital between January and December 1999. The subjects were followed from January 1999 to December 2002 (mean follow-up duration; 2.3(${\pm}0.7$) years). They were classified as normal (FPG <100mg/dl), high glucose (FPG $\geq$100mg/dl and <110mg/dl) and impaired fasting glucose (FPG $\geq$110mg/dl and $\leq$125mg/dl) on the basis of their fasting plasma glucose level measured in 1999. We compared the incidence of diabetes between the 3 groups by performing Cox proportional hazards model and used receiver operating characteristic analyses of the FPG level, in order to estimate the optimal cut-off values as predictors of incident diabetes. Results: At the baseline, most of the study subjects were in age in their 30s to 40s (mean age, 41.8(${\pm}7.1$) year). The incidence of diabetes mellitus in this study was 1.19 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI=0.68-1.79), which was much lower than the results of a community-based study that was 5.01 per 1,000 person-years. The relative risks of incident diabetes in the high glucose and impaired fasting glucose groups, compared with the normal glucose group, were 10.3 (95% CI=2.58-41.2) and 95.2 (95% CI= 29.3-309.1), respectively. After adjustment for age, body mass index, and log triglyceride, a FPG greater than 100mg/dl remained significant predictors of incident diabetes. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cutoff level of FPG as a predictor of incident diabetes was 97.5 mg/dl, with a sensitivity and a specificity of 81.0% and 86.0%, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that lowering the criteria of impaired fasting glucose is needed in Korean male adults. Future studies on community-based populations, including women, will be required to determine the optimal cutoff level of FPG as a predictor of incident diabetes.

은도금제품 검사실 여성근로자들의 시력변화 및 안증상

류승호,손정일,이수진,송재철,Ryu, Seung-Ho,Son, Jeong-Il,Lee, Soo-Jin,Song, Jae-Cheol 대한예방의학회 1997 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.30 No.3

작업장에서 장기간 폭로되는 현휘의 정도에 따른 시력저하 여부를 조사하기 위하여 모전선회사의 불량품을 가려내는 과정 중 빛의 반사정도가 큰 은도금 제품을 검사하는 부서인 lead frame반 여성근로자 13명과 이들의 시력저하정도를 비교하기 위하여 같은 업체에 불량품을 가려내는 과정중 빛의 반사가 적은 플라스틱제품을 최종 검사하는 Connector반 여성근로자 14명, 사무직 여성근로자 12명을 대상으로 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 입사 전과 비교하여 주관적인 현재의 시력이 변화가 있는 지에 대한 주관적인 평가는 Connector반, 사무직이 각각 81.8%, 85.7%가 나빠졌다고 응답한 반면 L/F반의 경우 대상자 전원(100%)이 나빠졌다고 응답하였다. 입사 전에 시력을 교정하지 않았던 대상자중 입사 후 안경이나 콘택트렌즈로 시력을 교정하게 된 비율은 Connector반의 경우 7명중 1명(14.3%), 사무직의 경우 5명중 2명(40%)인데 비해 L/F반의 경우 10명중 7명(70%)이 입사 후 시력을 교정 받았다. 2. L/F에서 주로 호소하는 증상은 안구피로로 전원이 매일 느끼고 있었고, 눈물이 난다(63.6%). 시력저하(45.5%), 충혈(45.5%), 눈부심(45.5%)의 순으로 호소하였다. 이들 외의 증상은 대체로 부서간의 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 3. 1991년부터 1996년까지 5년간의 원거리시력 자료 중 기준시점에서 부서별 좌측시력의 중앙값은 L/F반, Connector반, 사무직 각각 1.0(0.3-1.5), 1.0(0.4-1.5), 1.0(0.4-1.5), 우측시력의 중앙값은 각각 1.0(0.2-1.5), 0.95(0.3-1.2), 1.0(0.4-1.5)로 부서간의 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 4. 5년동안 추적 관찰기간의 좌측 시력 변화는 Connector반, 사무직의 경우 연간 각각 -0.46줄$({\pm}0.70)$, -0.35줄$({\pm}0.36)$의 변화를 보인 반면, L/F반에서 연간 -1.42줄$({\pm}1.45)$의 변화를 보여 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.013). 우측시력 역시 Connector반, 사무직에서는 연간 각각 -0.59줄$({\pm}0.67)$, -0.31줄$({\pm}0.55)$의 변화를 보인 반면, L/F반에서 연간 -1.59줄$({\pm}1.10)$이의 변화를 보여 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.001). 연구결과, 저자는 장기간의 현휘에 폭로된 근로자들에게 근시를 초래할 수 있을 것이라는 가설을 제시하고, 고휘도 작업환경에 대한 대책마련이 필요할 것으로 생각한다. To evaluate the effects of reflected glare on eyes, authors assessed the periodic health examination(1991-1996) & self-administered questionnaire data of a semiconductor producing company. The 13 lead frame(LF) department workers have been exposed to high reflected glare in the process for examining the silver plating products. We compared the data of connector(14) and clerical(12) workers as the non-exposed ones. Among LF department workers, 100% felt their visual acuity worsened(connector:81.8%, clerical:85.7%), and 70% had worn the glasses o. contact lenses(connector : 14.3%, clerical :40%) since working at the company. Major ophthalmic symptoms of the LF workers are asthenopia, tearing, decreased visual acuity, congestion and glare. Decrease of visual acuity by Hahn's line change of the LF workers is significantly high during a 5-year follow-up(p<0.05 by simple regression) compared with connector clerical workers.

컨버전스 제품 개발을 위한 기능의 결합 조건에 관한 연구

류승호,Ryu, Seung Ho 한국스마트미디어학회 2013 스마트미디어저널 Vol.2 No.4

본 연구는 컨버전스 제품 개발 과정에 적용 가능한 보편 타당한 3대 결합 조건들로서 이질성, 계획성, 참신성을 제시하고 그 내용을 탐구한다. 이질성은 결합되는 기능들이 모두 서로 달라야 하는 것이다. 계획성은 결합이 제품 개발 과정 속에서 이루어져야 하는 것이며, 도구를 자의적으로 다목적 활용하는 것은 배제된다. 참신성은 결합에 의해 제품의 기능적 가치가 확대되는 것이다. 이질성, 계획성, 참신성은 컨버전스 제품의 기능적 특징과 창조 과정을 대표하는 요소들이다. 이들은 결합의 다양한 응용을 가능하게 하여 컨버전스 제품의 등장 범위를 넓히며, 나아가 사회 문화적 배경의 변화와 컨버전스 제품 사이의 다양한 담론들을 전개한다. 이를 통해 컨버전스란 철저한 계획과 전략 속에서 결합의 대상에 대한 선별작업을 통해 진행되는 제품 개발 방법이라는 것을 알 수 있으며, 이에 본 연구를 통해 향후의 컨버전스 기반 제품 개발 전략이 더욱 활성화되기를 바란다. This study aims to propose three universal appropriate conditions, 'difference', 'planning', and 'freshness' for convergence products, and research their contents. 'Difference' means that combined functions have to be all different. 'Planning' indicates that combining different functions has to be proceeded in product development processes, so multiple usages human beings make in their daily lives have to be excepted. 'Freshness' explains that the values of combined functions are expanded by convergence. They are the elements to represent convergence products' functional characteristics and developing processes. They widen the range of convergence products by making in a number of various combining ways, and develop a lot of discourses based among social cultural backgrounds, concepts, and products. This study has shown that convergence is a product method that is managed by strict plans, strategies, and chosen functions. Convergence is a product development method with chosen functions, strict plans, and development strategies. Now, this study will lay the foundation for future works on product development strategies based on convergence.

제품디자인과 모방

류승호(Ryu, Seung Ho) 한국디자인지식학회 2006 디자인지식저널 Vol.2 No.-

제품에 나타나는 컨버전스의 역할, 가치와 효과에 관한 연구

류승호 ( Seung Ho Ryu ) 한국기초조형학회 2012 기초조형학연구 Vol.13 No.2

이질적 존재들의 결합이 활발한 오늘날, 컨버전스는 현대사회를 대표하는 개념으로 자리한다. 제품에 나타나는 컨버전스는 서로 다른 기능들을 결합하여 다양한 기능을 가진 제품을 창출하는 행위로서, 인간과의 밀접한 관계 속에서 제품을 진화시켜왔다. 그러나 디지털 컨버전스만 주목하는 최근의 상황 속에서는 컨버전스를 유구한 역사를 가진 제품 발전 수단으로 생각할 수 없는데, 이를 극복하기 위해서는 제품에 나타나는 컨버전스의 역할, 가치와 효과를 먼저 탐구해야 한다. 컨버전스의 역할은 이질적 기능들의 결합으로써 다양한 기능의 제품을 제시하는 것이다. 서로 다른 존재들의 만남 속에서 새로운 발전 가능성이 존재하기 때문이다. 이질적 기능들의 결합에 의한 제품의 발전은 컨버전스가 제품 진화의 수단임을 뜻하며, 이것을 가리켜 컨버전스의 가치라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 컨버전스의 효과는 기존보다 확대된 기능적 가치의 제품을 창조하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 컨버전스는 디버전스와 공존해 왔는데, 컨버전스의 장점이 다목적 기능의 편리성이라면, 단점은 사용의 복잡함이나 가격 상승 등이라고 할 수 있다. 신제품 개발을 위한 시간과 비용이 증가하고 사회 · 문화적으로 복합화가 진행되는 상황 속에서 컨버전스의 필요성도 높아지고 있다. 컨버전스가 이질적 결합으로써 발전을 추구하는 만큼 당면한 문제 해결을 위한 다양한 해결책들을 제시하는데 효과적이기 때문이다. 그러므로 본 연구를 통해 도구에 나타나는 컨버전스의 의미를 이해하고, 컨버전스의 활용 폭을 넓힐 수 있으면 그것에 연구의 성과를 둘 수 있다. Today, convergence represents contemporary society. Convergence appearing on products means a behavior that proposes products with multi functions by joining various functions, and it has developed products in a deep relationship with human beings. However, under the recent trends focusing mainly on digital convergence, It is very difficult to consider convergence a product development method with long histories. To overcome this situation, studying the role, value, and effect of convergence that appear on products should be first. The role of convergence is providing products with multi functions by combining different functions because joining different existences can make the possibilities for new developments. The development of tools by joining means that convergence is a method for tool evolution, and it can mean convergence`s value. The effect of convergence is to widen products` functional values. Convergence has been co-existing with divergence. If convergence`s merit is convenience by multi purposes, its demerits might be the complex usages and expensive prices. Under the aspects where time and cost for new product developing are increasing rapidly and complexity in social·cultural trends is proceeding fast, the needs of convergence as an effective product development method are also expanding because it is helpful to provide various solutions by combining many existences. So, if this study make the understanding of convergence`s meaning possible and make its range wide for various usages, it has successful results.

제품디자인을 위한 실무적 관리프로세스 제안

류승호(Ryu Seung Ho) 한국디자인학회 2003 디자인학연구 Vol.16 No.2

최근의 제품디자인 트렌드 분석

류승호(Ryu Seung-Ho) 한국디자인학회 2003 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

키치와 버내큘러 개념의 제품디자인 수용을 위한 이해

류승호(Ryu Seung Ho),문찬(Moon Charn) 한국디자인학회 2005 디자인학연구 Vol.18 No.3