韓國社會事業의 哲學的 摸索과 그 問題點

盧昌燮 한국복지재단 1963 동광 Vol.7 No.3

상악 전치부 결손이 발음에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

노창섭,최대균,우이형,최부병,Roh Chang-Sup,Choi Dae-Gyun,Woo Yi-Hyung,Choi Boo-Byung 대한치과보철학회 1992 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.30 No.3

This study was performed to investigate the phonetic alterations with upper anterior teeth were missing. To compare the changes of the phonations, before and after insertion of the temporary prosthesis, six subjects who lost their upper anterior teeth were selected (2-male, 4-female). Tested sounds (/ga(가), na(나), da(다), ra(라), sa(사), ja(자), cha(차), ta(타), pa(파), ha(하), gi(기), ni(니), di(디), ri(리), si(시), jl(지), chi(치), ti(티), pi(피), hi(히), seu(스), se(세), so(소), su(수)/were programmed into an IBM AT with and without temporary prosthesis. These experiments were analyzed by formants, consonants durations, and energy level changes with an LSI speech work station program. During the pronunciation of the tested sounds (with and without temporary prosthesis), mandibular movements were recorded to a Mandibular Kinesiogram and analyzed . The findings led to the following conclusions: 1. Objective differences could not be found. However, in every informant, subjective improvement could be noticed. 2. There were no persistant correlations of the formant's changes. And in every informant, phonetic changes were variable. 3. There were various changes of the consonant durations in every informant. By and large, those of /si(시), jl(지), chi(치), Pi(피), hi(히)/ were longer than other tested sounds. After insertion of the prosthesis, durations were shorter. Consonants with /i(ㅣ)/ were longer than with /a(ㅏ)/, with or without prosthesis. 4. With and without temporary prosthesis, mandibular movements were various in the frontal view. Mandibular movements showed lateral deviations, and mandibular positions with /si(시), ji(지), ti(티), seu(스), hi(히)/ were nearer to the mandibular rest position. 5. The kinds of temporary prosthesis and conditions of the missing teeth influenced every informant variously, so there were no correlation between informants. 6. Energy levels increased in all tested sounds with a fixed temporary prosthesis. And, there were no differences between before and after insertion of a removable temporary prosthesis. However, sibilant sounds, and consonants with /i(ㅣ)/ showed a little increased energy level.

新村地域社會의 社會學的 考察

盧昌燮 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1962 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.3 No.-

Different people have different reasons for studying the community life. However, as a sociologist in Korea, the writer felt that there is a urgent need to understand Korean Social Structure itself. However, the total Korean society is much too large and complex for anyone to try to fathom. Therefore, in this study the purposes and areas were rather delimited in a small urban community in Seoul, trying to understand the total family life; such relationships as the head of households and their wives, their occupations, marital status, mobility of the inhabitants, place of birth, educational status and religious affiliations. The findings of the above study reveals that this community has become increasingly urbanizing during the last several years. And the degree of mobility also indicates that there seems a great deal of shift from rural to urban area. Above all, there were many refugees from North Korea who are presently residing in this particular community. Although it is difficult to compare with educational level in other parts of Korea, it is felt that this area seems rather highly educated group. It is also very difficult to understand religious affiliation in this area. However, it indicates that the inhabitants, in greater percentage, have no particular religion except a relatively small percentage of Christians and Buddhists.

韓國 農村社會敎育機關의 槪觀

盧昌燮,康宇哲 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1967 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.11 No.-

In order to understand the general characteristics of rural social education institutes in Korea, this study has purported to make a survey of these existing institutes. Such information is included as the names of the institutes, location, the founder, year of the establishment, main curriculum for teaching, and length as well as the number of students in these educational institutes. Other main purposes of this study are analysis of these institutes in relation to motivation of the founding, changes of organizations and structures since establishment, number of students, and difficulties involved in operation of these institutes. Furthermore, the survey also tries to examine facilities and financial status, and analyzes the number of students and teachers in these institutes. In terms of both objectives and supporting materials, the present research is described as a descriptive and analytical study of social education institutes throughout rural Korea. Data for the survey was mainly secured from 192 such institutes and mailing schedule was employed for structured items. Case study method was also applied in several of these institutes in order to secure better information. Since a survey has not been made prior to this present study, it was found that there was a difficulty in setting up a criteria in which these institutes will be evaluated. It was also learned that there was a difficulty in making follow-up study of students who have finished the institutes. However, in examining these educational patterns, it was revealed that there were two general patterns; one type was for adult people. This type of educational institutes seemed to put emphasis on leadership training and also a short period of course work. Another type was for young people. These training programs emphasized more on general education and also vocational training for a comparatively longer period than the former group. In analyzing the original founders of these educational institutes surveyed, it was revealed that there were three general groups. One group was established by the staff of various governmental administration, including the people from Rural Development Gun Branch Office, staff of Gun and Myun Office and other governmental agencies. Another group was established by the people representing various educational agencies, namely staff from the Educational Committee, and Educational Bureau as well as teachers from various levels of schools. The final group was founded by the people those who representing various church organizations either individually or church as a whole. In evaluating the educational facilities it was found, in general, that there has not yet been established an effective curriculum fit to the purposes of each founding. It was also learned from the survey that educational facilities were either lacking or poorly equipped in order to pursue the goals set up except in a few of the institutes. Finally, in analyzing the teachers of these institutes, as already has been pointed out, have regular jobs either at the Office of Rural Development, or various levels of school. A very few are voluntary leaders from the community. The findings also brought up to the attention that the majority of these people render non-paid voluntary services. It is therefore, recommended that these institutes should set up goals to achieve to that their curriculum may be adjusted accordingly. It is also recommended that teachers in these institutes should be paid adequately in order to implement their educational programs more effectively.

住宅地域 및 庶民地域의 家族構造에 關한 比較硏究

盧昌燮 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1963 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.4 No.-

Although there has a great deal of emphasis on the study of the family life in Korea, no thorough comparative analysis has yet been made within the city. In order to understand the general and particular characteristics of the family structure, the study is devoted to a description and analysis of composition of family in two different areas, namely the residential area and the populace in Seoul. More specifically, objectives of this study are (1) to describe and compare the size of the family in two areas (2) to investigate and compare the characteristics of the family composition and finally (3) construct and compare the age and sex pyramid prevailing in these two areas. The findings of the above study reveals many interesting aspects of the family composition in various ways; as the writer has hypothesized, the size of the immediate family member as well as the members of household is much larger for the residential area as compared to the populace district. At the same time, there is as considerable degree of correlations between the degree of education, socio-economic level that hold by the head of household and the size of the family. This phenomena is a characteristics of the Korean family life which can be understood only through the eyes of traditional pattern of her life and history. Another findings shows that the composition of the family seems changing as a result of the urbanization and the urban way of life in both areas; there seems the decline of Extended family type, composed of three of more generations living under the same roof. On the other hand, the nuclear family, characteristics of the modern family type have been increased in both areas. However, comparing the two discrict more concretely, the residential families are more proned to have the extended family pattern as compared to the populace families. The age and sex compositions of the residential and populace districts show quite different in its nature. Whereas the latter maintains the pyramid type of population structure which is so common in under developed area, the former reveals the sharp decline particularly in age level of 0-4 years. In other words, the populace families are giving the same degree of birth, while the upper class of people are consciously controlling the birth as a part of their family plan. If such a conclusion is valid as shows in this study, the Korean family will suffer in its qualities of people in the future.

社會學的인 "價値"의 槪念

盧昌燮 이화여자대학교 문리과대학 사회학과 사회학회 1963 社會學硏究 Vol.- No.2

韓國 都市人의 價値觀

盧昌燮 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1964 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.5 No.-

In order to understand the values and the attitudes of the Korean urban inhabitants, the study has random sampled 750 households among five large cities; namely, Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Kwangju and Taejun. Specific objectives of the research are; (a) to analyze the values toward the traditional family life, (b) to evaluate the ways of thinking regarding the mate selection, (c) to understand the attitudes of the preferential criteria in selecting the daughter-in-law and son-in-law, (d) to review the values toward the neighborhood associations, (e) to find out the personal life goals as well as life values and finally, (f) to try to understand the political attitudes among the urban population. The findings of the above research indicates many interesting aspects of the values and the attitudes that takes among the urban residents. In viewing the attitudes toward the power of the family head, 80% of the total respondants showed that they prefer the patriarchal power which is a characteristics of the traditional Korean family life. 72.9% of the total respondants also preferred to help one another when their brothers are in economic difficulty. However, more than a half of the total sampled households were indicating that there have been a certain changes taking placed in the family life. With regard to mate selection, the study showed that 75.7% of the total family heads were married through the traditional way of mate selection, that is either through their parents or through their match makers. However, the present parents hold a sort of compromising position that mate selection is neither the exclusive business of parents nor that of their children alone. This tendencies were found in other value studies. In examining the values toward the preferential qualities in selecting daughter-in-law and son-in-law, the followings were found. For qualities of selecting the daughter-in-law, personality on the top, health in the second, family name and blood the third, education and love in order. For son-in-law, personality, health, education and occupation in order. It seems that urban inhabitants are no longer put a great values on property, and physical looking in either selections. However, about 46.1% of the total respondants still cares to see Kung-hap, a kind of fortune telling based on astrological beliefs, in selecting their children's marriage partners. In observing the urban community relationships, 69.0% of the total residents mentioned that they have some sort of associations with their neighborhood. However, 59.2% them still believe their neighbors as "neighbor-cousins" while 27.9% answered negatively. In evaluating the degrees of their neighbor associations, only greeting one another when they meet is utmost, sharing the food one another in the next, and a real close relationship lies in the third. In reviewing the personal life goals, 85.9% of them indicated that they will live better if they work hard in their respective roles. Furthermore, 54.3% of the total respondants professed that they will endeavor for attaining the proper life goal while 30.8% mentioned that they will live as "a life goes." It seems that the higher socio-economic level on the part of the respondants, the more life goal searching attitudes were emphasized. In examining the specific kinds of their life objectives, it was found that they wished to live without economic hardship in life, for personal fames and glory, and making more property in order. Because the urban residents are experiencing hard economic life, it seems that they have a less feeling toward the welfare of the others. In asking which interest comes first between the individual and the nation, 55.5% of the total residents showed that the nation's interest comes before the individual while 17.7% professed oppositely. The remaining percentage maintained that both interest should come simultaneously.

都市 SLUM 地域의 社會的 特性

盧昌燮 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1967 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the needs, resources and potentialities of the each family in a slum community located at East-side of Echondong, Han River, Seoul. And it attempts was undertaken among a total population of 723 families a) to understand the general characteristics of family heads and their wives, b) to analyze the family and household composition, c) to find out house owner status and economic life, and finally, d) to try to understand mobility patterns that take place in this slum community. The findings will not only provide the people themselves with data on their community and their government's concern for urban slum development, but also will assist and initiate better ways of programs for a social work agency. In studying the general background of the family heads and wives in this study, no particular differences were shown in the sex ratio of household heads, age composition, marital status, and religious affiliation in comparison wit the middle and upper residential communities. However, the educational level of the family heads shows that 56.4% of the total heads have more than middle school level of education, although the mode showed at the elementary school level. This level of education seems to be higher than in slums of other countries. The occupational structure of the slum community also presented a very interesting picture. 37.9% of the total family engaged in simple daily labor, 21.2% in sales and 17.2% were unemployed. The average size of the family in this study was 4.96 persons although the mode showed four persons. Perhaps, the fact may be worth noticing a high-residential community, there were 6.1 persons per family and 5.4 in the middle class community of Seoul. In analyzing the relationship between the educational level of family heads and size of the family, a close relationship was established. It was also learned that a close relationship was established. It was also learned that a close relationship between the occupation of family heads and the size of the family was established. In this survey, 87.7% of the total families were nuclear families composed of a couple and their children, comprising two generations, in comparison with a 82% of the average in urban communities were so composed. In reviewing the house owner status in this study, 52.6% of the total were self-owned, 31.3% were rented on a monthly basis and 13.1% were rented by "Junsei". Thus, this house owner status is slightly lower than in average urban families. Even though the percentage of the house ownership may be slightly lower, the structure and the quality of house itself is so poor that it is almost incomparable with other middle and upper class districts. The majority of houses in this slum community were built with wooden board and tent, material with only few Korean tiles. The asking the number of rooms that they use, it was observed that 91.0% of the total families owned only one room which is a characteristics of urban slum communities, too. In examining the family income, although there were a range from under 1,000 won to 10,000 won a month the mode was in the 2,000-3,000 won a month bracket. 46.6%of the total families earned under 3,000 won, 37.5% of them earned 3,000-6,000 won bracked and 8.5% of the total earned 6,000 won and over a month. Thus, considering under 3,000 won a month as poor for maintaining 4.96 average size of the urban family in this slum community, about one-half of the total families are classified as very poor. There was a close relationship between educational level of family head and income class and there established a relationship between the occupation and family income. In spite of such poor conditions, a word should be made to the fact that these people showed a great deal of eagerness to work at whatever jobs may be available for them in order to maintain their livelihood. Only 83 families of the 723 families expressed that they are unable to work because of health, or old age, etc. in analyzing the mobility patterns of the community, it was learned that 10% of the total family heads were actually born in Seoul. However, in examining the movement that has taken place, 41.5% of the total have lived in Seoul for ten years, 62.2% have lived in Seoul five years. 78.3% have lived for three years and 88.5% have lived in Seoul one year. Thus, on the contrary to a general assumption that the majority of slum people have moved into this slum community directly from the rural area, the study shows that the majority of them have moved here from Seoul. It was also revealed that 59.9% of the total inhabitants have been living in this community under three years and remaining 40% have been living there more than three years. Thus, there a great deal of movement was shown to have taken place in this community in comparison with other urban districts. It is very important to understand the reasons inhabitants moved into this community under study. An inquiry was made as to why they moved into this area. It was learned that the majority of people started to live here because the price of the houses was cheaper. They also listed as a reason as economic difficulty, unemployment and a close distance to a working place. In analyzing further the attitudes toward continuous living in their present community, 67% of the total expressed that they would like to live continuously because they have established a sense of "we feeling". The remaining 31% of the total expressed that they gave the environment in the community is poor as the reason for wishing to leave the community or there is no job or no better educational facility for children. Thus, the government, social scientists and social workers should understand the slum people's living condition, needs and potentialities more fully so that the problems may be solved more effectively and fully.

都市 發達에 있어서의 Interdisciplinary Approach

盧昌燮 이화여자대학교 문리과대학 사회학과 사회학회 1966 社會學硏究 Vol.- No.5

후기산업사회에 대한 유교의 사회적 통제력의 (統制力) 영향

노창섭,유철준 (譯) 퇴계학연구원 1990 退溪學報 Vol.68 No.1