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Sleight of Mind: Choice Blindness at a Simple Feature Level
나종인,김민식 한국인지및생물심리학회 2020 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물 Vol.32 No.3
Choice blindness, the failure to notice mismatches between an intended choice and presented outcome, has mostly been documented in decision-making tasks focusing on preferences, opinions, and facial recognition. To expand upon the existing choice blindness literature, we investigated whether the effect occurs in a non-ambiguous decision-making situation. To test this, we examined if conspicuous mismatches were detected when a simple single feature was manipulated using unidimensional stimuli. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with two bars of differing length and were told to choose the longer bar. Afterwards, their selection was presented on screen and participants had to enter how much longer their selection was than the other. In a few trials, however, the relationship between choice and outcome was manipulated and participants received the bar they did not choose. Consistent with previous experiments, only 20% of the manipulations were detected. To make sure participants actually interacted with the stimuli, in Experiment 2, participants had to adjust the length of the chosen bar themselves. While detection rates rose, choice blindness was still existent. Experiment 3 investigated the effect of task-relevancy on choice blindness. Participants were more susceptible to choice blindness when a task-irrelevant feature was swapped rather than a task-relevant feature. The principal finding was that, though all accurately remembered the difference, most were unaware of the mismatch even when the sole feature was manipulated. Also, both task-relevancy and stimulus similarity moderated the effect, hinting that both top-down and bottom-up attention plays a role.
시체검안서 또는 사망진단서와 부검 후 사인의 불일치에 대한 연구 (Ⅱ)
나종인,민병우,이영직,김형석,김혜정,정승현,나주영,박종태 대한법의학회 2012 대한법의학회지 Vol.36 No.1
The postmortem examination certificate and death certificate provide proof of death and supply important data used to establish health statistics. However, the format of the form and the accuracy of postmortem examination and death certificates yield errors that must be corrected by comparison with postmortem studies. We reviewed 401 autopsies performed in the Department of Forensic Medicine of Chonnam National University Medical School from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2011 and compared the reports with their postmortem examination certificates and death certificates. Of the 252 cases submitted with death certifications, 60 cases were concordant with the cause of death on the autopsy report. Eighty-nine cases had clear descriptions of the cause of death. Of these cases, 47 were from postmortem examination,42 were from death certificates; 17 were natural deaths, 72 were unnatural. Concordance in each group was 59.6% (28/47 cases), 76.2% (32/42 cases), 41.2%(7/17 cases), and 73.6% (53/72 cases). We thus identified various types of errors in postmortem examination and death certificates. This study reveals a high rate of discrepancy between causes of death reported on death certificates and postmortem examination certificates. There are a few useful death certificate and postmortem examination certificates that can be used as a model, based on which we propose several remedies to increase the accuracy of death and postmortem examination certificates. The postmortem examination certificate and death certificate provide proof of death and supply important data used to establish health statistics. However, the format of the form and the accuracy of postmortem examination and death certificates yield errors that must be corrected by comparison with postmortem studies. We reviewed 401 autopsies performed in the Department of Forensic Medicine of Chonnam National University Medical School from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2011 and compared the reports with their postmortem examination certificates and death certificates. Of the 252 cases submitted with death certifications, 60 cases were concordant with the cause of death on the autopsy report. Eighty-nine cases had clear descriptions of the cause of death. Of these cases, 47 were from postmortem examination,42 were from death certificates; 17 were natural deaths, 72 were unnatural. Concordance in each group was 59.6% (28/47 cases), 76.2% (32/42 cases), 41.2%(7/17 cases), and 73.6% (53/72 cases). We thus identified various types of errors in postmortem examination and death certificates. This study reveals a high rate of discrepancy between causes of death reported on death certificates and postmortem examination certificates. There are a few useful death certificate and postmortem examination certificates that can be used as a model, based on which we propose several remedies to increase the accuracy of death and postmortem examination certificates.