스토킹범죄의 재판실무상 쟁점에 관한 연구

한나라 ( Han Nara ),김성화,양승욱 사법정책연구원 2024 연구보고서 Vol.2024 No.2

정신지체 특수학교 초등교사의 체육목표 인식 분석

한동기,김권일 한국특수체육학회 2003 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze special teachers' recognition toward the goals of physical education in the elementary school for the students with mental retardation. The subjects of this study were 237 teachers in the elementary school for the students with mental retardation, located in Seoul, Kyong-Ki, and In-Chon. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The male teacher group showed a higher than female teacher group recognition level on the goals except for the goals of psychic equilibrium and spatial orientation. 2. There were differences in the goals of physiological efficiency, object manipulation, communication, group interaction and cultural involvement among the groups by career. 3. Teachers of lower grade(1~3) have a higher level of recognition than level of upper grade(4~6) on the goal of 6 areas except the goal of spatial orientation. 4. There were no differences in recognition level of the goals of the physical education between the teachers with physical education class responsible and without.

다운증후근 아동과 청소년의 슬관절 등속성 근력 특성 비교

한동기,김권일 한국특수체육학회 2003 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was to provide fundamental information of muscle strength training, gait, and gross motor movement through comparing and analyzing low limb isokinetic torque of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. The subjects were 8 children with Down syndrome and 8 adolescents with Down syndrome. The peak torque, average power, and total work were measured with Cybex 770 at the speed 0f 60˚/sec and 180˚/sec. The data were analyzed by SPSS. The conclusions were drawn as follows; 1. The peak torque was decreased as angular velocity increasing. 2. Muscle strength was unequal between left and right knee joint. 3. Adolescents with Down syndrome were higher that children in the peak torque, average power, total work, and flexor/extensor ratio. Therefore, children and adolescents with Down syndrome had normal characteristics related with isokinetic strength. However, there are lots of possibilities of injury during activities because of the imbalance between left and right leg and low flexor/extensor ratio.

분만 1주 전 성인형 스틸병을 진단 받은 산모에서 출생한 신생아

김명관 ( Myung Kwan Kim ),한동기 ( Dong Ki Han ),남궁란 ( Gung Ran Nam ),박민수 ( Min Soo Park ),박국인 ( Kook In Park ),김동수 ( Dong Soo Kim ),이철 ( Chul Lee ) 대한주산의학회 2004 Perinatology Vol.15 No.3

Up to date, symptomatic neonate who needed treatments due to mother`s AOSD has not been reported. We experienced a neonate born of mother diagnosed with AOSD a week before delivery. Despite treatment, the mother`s symptoms had not been improved until delivery. Our patient was affected by her mother`s condition, and exhibited several symptoms (fever over one week, poor activity, poor feeding) since 5 days of age, with thrombocytopenia, negative results on viral and bacterial studies, and elevation of CRP, OT/PT and ferritin. Treatment with steroid, NSAID and IV immunoglobulin was started on 14 days of age under the impression of possible maternal effects from uncontrolled AOSD of mother. The symptoms were gradually improved. Ferritin level was decreased, others were normal on 29 days of age. We present this case for the first time as effects of maternal AOSD on newborn, with review of literature.

민사건설재판의 개선방안에 관한 연구

한나라 ( Han Nara ),김성화,양승욱,이단비 사법정책연구원 2023 연구보고서 Vol.2023 No.6

민사건설재판은 전문적이고 복잡하며 복합적인 건설사건의 특성상 심리가 어렵고 소송기간이 길어지며 소송비용이 크다는 문제가 있다. 우리나라에서는 공정하고 충실하며 효율적인 건설사건 심리를 위해 각급 법원에 민사건설전담재판부를 설치하고 전문적 지식이 필요한 대부분의 건설사건에서 증거방법으로 감정을 실시하고 있으며, 법원의 전문성을 위해 건설사건 전문법관, 건설 분야 상임전문심리위원 제도를 시행하고 있다. 또한 건설감정절차와 민사건설재판 실무를 돕기 위한 각종 실무서, 프로그램 등을 운용하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 우리나라 민사건설재판의 문제점이 계속되고 있다. 이는 주로 감정 제도와 관련되는데, 감정인의 자격이 부족하거나 소송관계인의 전문성과 준비가 부족하여 감정결과가 부실해지고 감정절차가 지연되며, 감정료가 과다하다는 문제 등이다. 또한 건설사건의 복잡성, 과다한 사건수, 다양한 유형 등으로 인해 사건 심리가 어렵다는 문제도 있고, 결과적으로 소송이 지연되고, 당사자들의 절차 만족도와 사법 신뢰가 저해된다. 민사건설재판의 문제를 개선하기 위해서는 우리나라의 현황을 살펴보는 외에 외국의 관련사례를 검토하여 시사점을 얻기 위해 노력해야 한다. 먼저 영국의 경우 건설사건을 전담하는 기술 및 건설 재판부(TCC)를 설치하였고, 재결, 소송 전 규약으로 법원의 사건수를 감소시켰다. 재판을 하는 경우 법원의 사건관리권한과 변론 전의 준비절차를 강화하여 사건을 집중적으로 처리하고, 전문지식을 보완하기 위해 전문가 증거 제도를 두고 있다. 독일의 경우 법원과 건설 관련 협회가 긴밀히 연결되어 감정인의 자질을 보장하고, 상공회의소에 의해 임명 및 관리되는 공적인 감정인 제도를 두고 있다. 또한 감정인의 조언자로서의 역할, 당사자의 절차 참여권 등을 강조한다. 프랑스의 민사건설재판에서도 감정이 중요한데, 감정절차를 전담하여 주관하는 특임법관 제도를 실시한다. 감정절차에서도 대심주의가 강조되며 당사자에 대한 설명과 참여를 위해 감정서 제출 전 수차례의 감정회의를 거친다. 또한 각 법원에서 엄격한 절차를 통해 등록, 관리하는 법원감정인 제도를 두고 있고, 다수의 단체가 감정인명단 등록 시 적합성 심사에 관여한다. 일본의 경우 전문가와 변호사들로 구성된 건축관계소송위원회를 설치하여 감정인 등의 후보자 추천, 관리 및 민사건설재판의 운영에 관한 논의 등을 담당한다. 민사건설전담재판부가 설치되어 표준화된 심리모델과 건설사건의 각 쟁점에 관한 각종 일람표를 마련하여 효율적인 심리를 강조하며, 전문 지식 보완을 위해 전문위원의 참여가 증가하고 있다. 위 논의에 기초하여 재판절차 효율화, 감정인 자격, 전문성 강화와 관련하여 구체적인 개선방안을 제시한다. 먼저 재판 준비 단계에서 사건 시작 시 상세한 심리계획을 수립하기 위해 사건관리정보표, 사건관리계획표를 사용할 것과 사건관리계획에 관한 민사소송규칙 개정안을 제안한다. 사건유형별 쟁점정리표를 마련하여 홈페이지를 통해 공개하는 것도 필요하다. 감정 단계에서 감정준비명령, 단계별 감정사항 점검표를 활용하여 감정기일을 실질화할 것을 제안하고, 감정인과 당사자, 소송대리인의 감정회의를 의무화하는 감정예규 개정안을 마련한다. 감정자료의 제출기한, 감정서 제출기한 및 감정보완 횟수와 기한을 제한하여 감정절차를 신속화할 필요가 있고, 이미 마련된 감정서 표준서식을 개정할 것과 지체상금 등 계산 프로그램을 제작할 것을 제안하며 일부 유형의 건설사건에서 참조할 판결서 구조를 제안한다. 다음으로 건설감정인 자격에 관하여 일본과 유사한 건설감정인 선정·관리 위원회를 설치할 것을 제안하고, 기존의 감정인 명단 조정 제도와 평정 제도가 활성화되어야 한다. 감정인 평정과 관련하여 합의부원의 평정 및 소송대리인과 상임전문심리위원의 평정에 대한 의견 제시를 가능하게 하고 감정인에게 사건 결과 등을 통지할 필요도 있다. 마지막으로 민사건설재판의 전문성 강화를 위하여 사건 초기에 원칙적으로 상임전문심리위원 참여결정을 하고, 소규모 건설사건에서 가능한 경우 상임전문심리위원을 특허법원의 전문심리관 형태로 참여시키는 방안을 제안하며, 이를 위해 상임전문심리위원의 공동 참여결정을 활성화하고 상임전문심리위원을 증원할 것을 제안한다. 또한 감정절차를 통일적, 집중적으로 관리하는 감정담당판사 제도를 실시하고, 궁극적으로 건설사건 전문법관, 감정담당판사, 상임전문심리위원 등이 주축이 된 감정센터의 구축을 제안하며, 장기적으로 영국 재결제도의 도입을 검토할 필요가 있다. Given the highly specialised, technical, and complex nature of construction disputes, the civil construction litigation process would be difficult, time-consuming, and costly in terms of practice. In Korea, in order to ensure the just, faithful and efficient trial in the civil construction cases, special civil divisions on construction are established in several district and high courts; expert evidence is commonly employed in most construction cases that require special technical knowledge; and for greater expertise, a “Construction Case Specialist Judge” and a “Standing Technical Adviser” system are implemented in the construction litigation sector. In addition, several practical handbooks and programs are in place to help with expert evidence procedure and construction litigation practice. Despite the above efforts, problems regarding civil construction litigation still remain unresolved in Korea. They are mainly related to the expert evidence system, such as a lack of qualifications for experts and a lack of expertise and preparation of litigants, which contribute to poor results, delayed procedures, and high costs. Moreover, due to the complexity, numerous case-dockets, and various types of construction cases, construction litigation per se is a complicated and convoluted process. Consequently, the above factors lead to delays in litigation, lowering the parties' satisfaction with the procedure and causing a negative impact on the public’s trust in the judicial system. In order to solve the problems and improve the civil construction litigation system in Korea, efforts should be made to draw implications by reviewing related systems in foreign countries as well as to examine Korea’s current situation. First, the UK has established the Technology and Construction Court (TCC) dedicated to construction cases. Adjudication and the Pre-Action Protocol for Construction and Engineering Disputes successfully has played a part to reduce the amount of litigation. When the disputes end up in litigation, the courts’ case management power and pre-trial preparation are to be strengthened to ensure intensified proceedings. Furthermore, the expert evidence system is employed to supplement the expertise of the court. In Germany, courts and construction-related associations are closely connected to guarantee the qualifications of experts, who are publicly appointed and managed by Chambers of Commerce. It focuses on the role of experts as advisors and the parties’ right to participate in the process. Expert evidence system is also important in France’s civil construction litigation, which appoints an “Especially Entrusted Judge” to supervise the expert evidence proceedings. The adversarial principle should also be abided by in expert evidence procedures, and several expert meetings (Accedit) are held before submitting the expert report in order to inform the parties thereof and allow them to comment thereon. Additionally, Judicial Experts are registered and managed in a strict manner by the Court of Cassation and each Court of Appeal, and several entities are involved in qualification screening for the registration of the list of experts. In Japan, the Committee on Construction Lawsuits, composed of both experts and lawyers, is involved in the recommendation and management of each expert. It discusses the improvement measures for civil construction litigations. Japanese courts have established specialist divisions to deal with construction cases and have provided standardised proceeding models and Scott Schedule examples regarding some types of construction cases to promote efficiency in dealing with cases. Recently participation of Technical Advisers has been on the increase to bolster the expert knowledge in the proceedings. Based on the analysis above, this research suggests the specific improvement measures by categorizing following three parts; efficiency of proceedings, qualified expert system, and strengthened professionalism. In the pre-trial stage, this research proposes “Case Management Information Tables” and “Case Management Plan Tables” to be used by courts and the parties to set down a detailed plan. The research also makes suggestion to amend the Supreme Court’s Civil Procedure Regulation for the purpose of providing the legal grounds for planned trials. Examples of tables which clearly set out the issues and evidence in dispute should be provided and available on the website. At the expert evidence stage, it is emphasized to operate the date for expert testimony substantively by using preparation orders and a step-by-step checklist, and also to revise the existing Supreme Court’s Practical Guidance Manual for the purpose of encompassing mandatory expert meetings where experts, parties, their representatives etc. should be obliged to attend. To prevent delays, it proposes the implementation of deadlines within which an expert is to submit his or her report, parties are to give necessary documents to the expert and submit questions as to an expert’s report. Revision of previous handbooks and standard forms, and the development of calculation programs for the reimbursement on the delayed performance are also suggested. This research offers an example structure of judgment in a specific type of construction case. Next, regarding the qualification of experts, a construction expert selection and management committee should be established and the current evaluation of experts in specific cases and expert list adjustment system need to be activated. With respect to the evaluation system, it is also necessary to enable the evaluation of collegiate panels and the presentation of opinions on the evaluation of lawyers (representatives) and standing technical advisers, and to notify the examiners of the results of the case. Finally, in order to strengthen the expertise of civil construction litigations, it is suggested that standing technical advisers should participate in at an early stage of every construction case in principle, and furthermore if possible, especially in small-scale cases, they can take part in as a technical examiner in the Intellectual Property High Court. To this end, it is necessary to promote a joint participation order by two or more standing technical advisers and enlarge the number of standing technical advisers. This research additionally proposes implementation of the Examination Dedicated Judge system that uniformly and intensively manages expert evidence procedures; ultimately the establishment of the Examination Center led by construction case specialist judges, examination dedicated judges, standing technical advisers etc.; the introduction of a British-style adjudication system in the long term.

항공기 가스터빈엔진용 니켈-그라파이트 코팅의 화염 용사 운영 매개변수에 따른 코팅 품질 영향 연구

김보훈(Bo Hoon Kim),김상백(Sang Baek Kim),한동기(Dong Gi Han),이용구(Yong Gu Lee) 한국항공우주학회 2017 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.4

다운증후군 아동과 청소년의 슬관절 등속성 근력 특성 비교

한동기,김권일 한국특수체육학회 2003 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was to provide fundamental information of muscle strength training, gait, and gross motor movement through comparing and analyzing low limb isokinetic torque of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. The subjects were 8 children with Down syndrome and 8 adolescents with Down syndrome. The peak torque, average power, and total work were measured with Cybex 770 at the speed of 60 /sec and 180 /sec. The data were analyzed by SPSS. The conclusion were drawn as follows;1. The peak torque was decreased as angular velocity increasing.2. Muscle strength was unequal between left and right knee joint.3. Adolescents with Down syndrome were higher than children in the peak torque, average power, total work, and flexor/extensor ratio. Therefore, children and adolescents with Down syndrome had normal characteristics related with isokinetic strength. However, there are lots of possibility of injury during activities because of the imbalance between left and right leg and low flexor/extensor ratio.

Food Sensitization in Infants and Young Children with Atopic Dermatitis

한동기,김명관,유재은,최성연,권병철,손명현,김규언,이수영 연세대학교의과대학 2004 Yonsei medical journal Vol.45 No.5

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease. Children with AD tend to have a higher prevalence of food allergies. This study investigated the clinical significance of food sensitization in AD patients. A total of 266 AD patients participated in this study. The prevalence of food sensitization and clinically relevant sensitization were compared in the subjects according to their age and AD severity. Sera from all patients were analyzed for food-specific IgE levels using the Pharmacia CAP System FEIA. The serum specific IgE levels for egg, milk, peanut and soybean were measured. Patients were regarded as sensitized to the food if their food-specific IgE levels were above 0.35kUA/L. Also the food-specific IgE levels, the so-called diagnostic decision point, which is recommended as the clinically relevant level, for clinical food allergy, as suggested by Sampson et al, was used as an alternative method. From the measurement of food-specific IgE antibodies of the four foods, egg was the most highly sensitized and the main causative allergenic food in children with AD. The positive rates of specific IgE to the four major food allergens, and the prevalences of clinically relevant food sensitization, were higher for all foods tested in the group less than 1 year of age, and were significantly higher in moderate to severe AD compared to mild AD in infants and young children. In summary, presence of food specific IgE is prevalent in infants and young children with AD, and clinically relevant food sensitization is important in Korean infants and children with moderate to severe AD.

예비초등교사의 장애학생 체육 지도 경험 탐색

김방출,한동기 한국특수체육학회 2023 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 예비초등교사의 장애학생 체육 지도 경험의 의미를 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 참여자는 S교육대학교에 재학 중이면서 장애학생 체육교실에서 체육활동을 지도하는 예비초등교사이며, 총 7명으로 구성하였다. 이들을 대상으로 반구조화된 질문지를 통한 심층면담 자료와 체육 지도 후에 작성한 반성적 저널을 통해 장애학생 체육교실의 시행 과정에서 예비초등교사가 지각하는 체육활동 지도의 의미를 질적 사례연구를 통해 면밀히 살펴보고 분석하였다. 이상의 과정을 토대로 도출된 이 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예비초등교사들은 장애학생 및 체육 지도와 관련된 경험과 장애학생에 대한 이해의 부족으로 인하여 장애학생 체육 지도에 부담과 어려움을 느끼고 있었다. 둘째, 예비체육교사들은 체육 지도능력의 한계를 실감하고 체육의 이론과 실제의 간극을 확인하며 좌절과 갈등의 시간을 보냈다. 셋째, 적절한 지도방법의 방향을 찾는 오류를 겪고, 장애학생에 대한 편견을 버리게 되었으며, 비장애학생과 장애학생의 체육 지도가 다르지 않음을 알게 되고, 변화해 가는 자신과 아이들의 성장하는 모습을 발견하는 시행착오-도전-적응의 단계를 거쳤다. 넷째, 아동에 대한 관찰 능력 향상, 체육 지도법과 효능감 향상, 동료 및 교수 피드백을 통한 발전, 장애학생에 대한 관심과 책임감 증가와 문제해결능력의 향상을 통하여 성장하며 교사가 되어가고 있었다. 마지막으로, 내․외적 강화를 통해 보람을 얻고 있었으며, 장애학생 체육교실에서의 체육활동 지도가 통합교육 실행 의지를 높이는 의미 있는 활동, 안정감을 제공하는 경험, 예비교사에게 필수적인 활동, 장애학생의 성장을 돕는 단순한 봉사활동 이상의 활동이라는 의미를 부여하고 있었다. The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of pre-primary school teachers' experience of teaching physical education to students with disabilities. The study participants were pre-primary school teachers who are students at S National University of Education and teach physical education activities in the physical education class for students with disabilities, and a total of 7 people were composed. Through in-depth interviews through semi-structured questionnaires and reflective journals written after physical education instruction, the meaning of physical education activity instruction perceived by pre-primary school teachers in the implementation process of physical education classes for students with disabilities was carefully examined and analyzed through qualitative case studies. The conclusions of this study, based on the above process, are as follows. First, pre-service elementary school teachers felt burdened and difficult in teaching physical education for students with disabilities due to their lack of experience and understanding of students with disabilities and physical education. Second, pre-primary school teachers realized the limitations of their physical education teaching ability and spent a time of frustration and conflict identifying the gap between the theory and practice of physical education. Third, they went through the stage of trial-error-challenge-adaptation in which they made the mistake of finding the direction of appropriate teaching methods, abandoned their prejudice against students with disabilities, learned that physical education instruction for non-disabled students and students with disabilities was no different, and discovered the growth of themselves and their children as they changed. Fourth, they were growing up and becoming teachers by improving their observation skills, physical education instruction and efficacy, improving their peer and professor feedback, and improving their interest and responsibility for students with disabilities and their problem-solving skills. Lastly, it was rewarding through internal and external reinforcement, and the guidance of physical education activities in the physical education classroom for students with disabilities was given meaning as a meaningful activity that increases the will to implement inclusive education, an experience that provides a sense of stability, an essential activity for pre-service teachers, and an activity beyond simple volunteer activities to help the growth of students with disabilities.

한국인의 임상적 국소 전립선암에 대한 병리학적 병기의 예측 노모그램

송채린,김진범,정 한,김청수,노재윤,안한종 大韓泌尿器科學會 2003 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.44 No.8