3.0T MRI에서 온도변화가 T1 및 T2 이완시간에 미치는 영향

김호현,권순용,임우택,강충환,김경수,김순배,백문영,Kim, Ho-Hyun,Kwon, Soon-Yong,Lim, Woo-Teak,Kang, Chung-Hwan,Kim, Kyung-Soo,Kim, Soon-Bae,Baek, Moon-Young 대한디지털의료영상학회 2013 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.15 No.2

Purpose : The relaxation times of tissue in MRI depend on strength of magnetic field, morphology of nuclear, viscosity, size of molecules and temperature. This study intended to analyze quantitatively that materials' temperatures have effects on T1 and T2 relaxation times without changing of other conditions. Materials and Methods : The equipment was used MAGNETOM SKYRA of 3.0T(SIEMENS, Erlagen, Germany), 32 channel spine coil and Gd-DTPA water concentration phantom. To find out T1 relaxation time, Inversion Recovery Spin Echo sequences were used at 50, 400, 1100, 2500 ms of TI. To find out T2 relaxation time, Multi Echo Spin Echo sequences were used at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 ms of TE. This experiment was scanned with 5 steps from 25 to $45^{\circ}C$. next, using MRmap(Messroghli, BMC Medical Imaging, 2012) T1 and T2 relaxation times were mapped. on the Piview STAR v5.0(Infinitt, Seoul, Korea) 5 steps were measured as the same ROI, and then mean values were calculated. Correlation between the temperatures and relaxation times were analyzed by SPSS(version 17.0, Chicago, IL, USA). Results : According to increase of temperatures, T1 relaxation times were $214.39{\pm}0.25$, $236.02{\pm}0.87$, $267.47{\pm}0.48$, $299.44{\pm}0.64$, $330.19{\pm}1.72$ ms. T2 relaxation times were $180.17{\pm}0.27$, $197.17{\pm}0.44$, $217.92{\pm}0.39$, $239.89{\pm}0.53$, $257.40{\pm}1.77$ ms. With the correlation analysis, the correlation coefficients of T1 and T2 relaxation times were statistically significant at 0.998 and 0.999 (p< 0.05). Conclusion : T1 and T2 relaxation times are increased as temperature of tissue goes up. In conclusion, we suggest to recognize errors of relaxation time caused local temperature's differences, and consider external factors as well in the quantitative analysis of relaxation time or clinical tests.

사립유치원 경력 교사의 사직에 담긴 살아가는 이야기에 관한 내러티브 탐구

김호현(Kim, Ho-Hyun) 한국영유아교원교육학회 2020 유아교육학논집 Vol.24 No.1

이 연구는 10년의 유치원 경력을 가진 한 선생님의 사직 전과 후의 정체성 변화 과정과 사직의 의미를 내러티브 탐구의 살아가는 이야기와 개인적·전문적 지식 전경의 틀로 들여다보았다. 이를 위해 10년 동안 몸담았던 유치원을 그만두고 대학원에 진학한 김선생님과 아홉 차례 대화를 나누었고, 내러티브 탐구 방식으로 현장, 중간, 연구텍스트를 구성하였다. 김선생님은 교사 시절 개인적 전경과 전문적 전경이 충돌하는 과정에서 좌절과 허탈함을 겪었으나 이 충돌은 김선생님에게 교사가 되기 전 상상했던 유아를 변화시키는 좋은 교사가 될 기회가 되었고, 부모교육 강사의 꿈을 가지고 사직을 한 뒤 대학원에 진학하였다. 가르치는 자에서 배우는 자로, 유치원에서 대학원으로 역할과 장소가 바뀌고, 새로운 관계가 만들어지고, 경제적 어려움과 차별의 벽에 좌절하면서 정체성에도 변화가 생겼지만 유아를 변화시키는 좋은 교사가 될 것이라는 중추의 정체성을 유지함으로써 교사 시절부터 지금껏 전문적 전경의 삶을 살고 있다. 그의 사직에 담긴 살아가는 이야기는 더 큰 꿈을 향해 여행하는 성장에 관한 이야기이고, 유아를 위해 무엇을 할 것인가에 관한 답을 찾는 과정이었다. The study looked inside the changing identity of a former kindergarten teacher with 10 years of career experience before and after her resignation and the meaning of her resignation within the frames of stories to live by and personal-professional knowledge landscapes. Nine deep dialogues with the teacher, Kim, were conducted and a constructed field, interim, and final search text were made. Kim went through frustration and letdowns in the middle of conflicts between the personal and professional landscapes but this conflict was a good chance for her to be a good teacher who changed the children for the better, a story imagined before she became a teacher. She chose to resign and attend graduate school. Her identity changed as her role, place, and relationships shifted from teacher to learner, from the kindergarten to the tertiary-level classroom and being frustrated due to financial difficulties and barriers of discrimination. However sustaining her core identity as a good teacher who changed children for the better, she has been living on the professional landscape linked from the rookie teacher. Stories to live by embedded in Kim’s resignation stories are about the story of one teacher’s travelling for a better dream and a course of answering what to do for the children.

혈부축어탕이 Triton WR-1339에 의한 고지혈증 유발 생쥐 간조직내 지질 축적 억제에 미치는 영향

김호현,방혜정,강윤호,박인식,안상현,김진택,이해풍,Kim, Ho-Hyun,Bang, Hyui-Jeng,Gang, Yun-Ho,Park, In-Sick,Ahn, Sang-Hyun,Kim, Jin-Tack,Lee, Hai-Poong 대한동의생리학회 1999 동의생리학회지 Vol.14 No.2

After Triton WR-1339 (TX; 600mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection, hepatic tissues of ICR mice were intragastric injected with Hyulboochucketang extract(HCE; 3.3ml/kg/day) were observed to investigate the suppressive effect of lipid accumulation that evoke by the antihyperlipidemic effect of HCE. These hepatic tissues were fixed in fromol-calcium solution and were cryocut. These tissues stained by H&E for general morphology, sudan black B for lipid and perchloric acid-naphthoquinone(PAN) method for cholesterol. After TX treatment, the increase of hepatocyte having meshlike cytoplasm(HHMC) were shown in all hepatic lobules and the hepatic plates were disappeared in the aggregative region of HHMC. The number of blue black colored lipid drop and dark green colored asterisk shaped cholesterol particle in hepatic cytoplasm were increased and the size of lipid drop and cholesterol particle were enlarged. But, in HCE-treated mice, the HHCM were disappeared and hapatic plate were rearranged. The number of lipid drop and cholesterol particle were decreased than TX-treated mice and the size of lipid drop and cholesterol particle were diminished. As results indicated that the HCE work on the suppression of lipid accumulation in hepatic tissue of hyperlipidemic mice caused by disturbance of lipid metabolism.

삼음삼양(三陰三陽)의 종화규율(從化規律)에 관한 연구(硏究)

김호현,Kim, Ho-Hyun 대한동의생리학회 1999 동의생리학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study was undertaken to define the expression rule of six vital substances for human life(六氣) in Meridians and the rule of following of three ${\breve{U}}m$ and three Yan. In order to investigate the expression rule of six vital substances for human life(六氣), incident(標)-fundamental(本) and Ki of middle energizer(中氣) of three ${\breve{U}}m$ and three Yang(三陰三陽) were reviewed. 1, The rule of following is formed centering around fundamental Ki(本氣) between incident(標) and fundamental(本). And in case the ${\breve{U}}m$ and Yang (陰陽) disposition of incident(標) and fundamental(本) is different, whether the ${\breve{U}}m$ and Yang(陰陽) disposition of incident(標) and fundamental(本) is same as those of Ki of middle energizer(中氣), is the key point in following fundamental and activating of the vital energy(氣化). 2. As twelve channels(十二經脈) have not only fundamental Ki(本氣) but also Ki of middle energizer(中氣) at the same time, in expression of six vital substances for human life(六氣), if the fundamental Ki(本氣) is stronger, fundamental Ki(本氣) can be expressed or if the fundamental Ki(本氣) is weaker, Ki of middle energizer(中氣) can be expressed. 3. Twelve channels which is connected with each other through the relation of the interior and the exterior can be regarded as a system, in which Wind(風) and Fire(火), Dryness(燥) and Dampness(濕), Cold(寒) and Heat(熱) maintain balance through mutual control. 4. We can see that in the disease caused by the unbalance of six vital substances for human life(六氣), expression of six pathogenic factor and controlment of six vital substances for human life(六氣) are made up after the following one in the rule of following(從化規律).

비장 혈관종과 감별이 어려웠던 비장 해면상 림프관종

김호현(Ho Hyun Kim),허영회(Young Hoe Hur),박찬용(Chan Yong Park),고양석(Yang Seok Koh),김정철(Jung Chul Kim),조철균(Chol Kyoon Cho),김현종(Hyun Jong Kim) 대한외과학회 2009 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.77 No.6

Lymphangioma of the spleen is a rare benign neoplasm with clinical manifestations ranging from insignificant incidental findings to large, symptomatic cystic masses requiring surgical intervention. We report a case of splenic cavernous lymphangioma mimicking splenic hemangioma. A 59-year-old woman presented with left upper quadrant pain and epigastric discomfort. Computed tomography showed a 9.5×8 ㎝ high attenuated mass with relatively homogenous enhancement in the spleen. The initial impression was a splenic hemangioma. The patient underwent splenectomy. Gross pathologic examination revealed a 9.5×6.8×9 ㎝-sized fairly well circumscribed soft mass. Histologically, the tumor was composed of dilated lymphatic vessels, which contained homogenous eosinophilic material. The Final diagnosis was cavernous lymphangioma of the spleen. Herein, we report a case of splenic cavernous lymphangioma mimicking splenic hemangioma and also review the existing literature.

보육시설 및 실내놀이터의 Aldehydes 노출 및 위해성 평가

김호현(Ho-Hyun Kim),양지연(Ji-Yeon Yang),이청수(Chung-Soo Lee),김선덕(Sun-Duk Kim),양수희(Su-Hee Yang),신동천(Dong-Chun Shin),임영욱(Young-Wook Lim) 한국실내환경학회 2010 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.7 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the concentration of indoor aldehydes in children’s facilities. The samples were collected from various children's facilities (40 playrooms, 42 day-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (Jul~Sep, 2007), winter (Jan~Feb, 2008) and spring (Mar~Apr, 2008). The ratio of Indoor and outdoor (I/O) of aldehydes exceeds 1.0 and the formaldehyde levels in each child-care facilities were significantly different. We evaluated the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of young children due to indoor aldehyde exposure. We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the hazard quotients (HQs) of non-carcinogens (benzaldehyde and formaldehyde). Formaldehyde was evaluated for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. The average ECRs of formaldehyde for young children were 1×10?⁴~1×10 ?? level in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities.

영유아 교사의 영유아 권리침해 인식 차이와 그 근거에 관한 연구

김호현 ( Kim Ho-hyun ),장희선 ( Chang Hee-sun ) 한국아동교육학회 2017 아동교육 Vol.26 No.3

이 연구는 양적 연구를 통해 밝혀진 영유아 교사들의 영유아권리침해 인식 차이의 근거를 질적 연구를 통해 살펴본 혼합연구이다. 연구를 위해 우선 영유아 교사들을 대상으로 영유아 권리침해 정도를 묻는 설문을 실시하여 변량분석과 LSD 사후분석을 통해 교사의 기관설립유형과 연령에 따른 영유아 교사들의 권리침해 정도에 대한 인식 차이를 살펴보았다. 그런 뒤 특정 상황의 권리침해 정도에 대해 상반된 응답이 나온 근거를 이해하기 위하여 면담을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 근무기관에 따라 `부재성` 범주유형에서 유치원 교사가 어린이집 교사보다 권리침해로 인식하였고, `타율성`, `집단성` 범주유형에서는 반대로 나타났다. 면담에서 교사들은 권리침해에 대한 인식보다 자율성과 발달적 고려를 더 중요하게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교사 연령에 따른 차이는 `부재성`, `구속성` 범주유형에서는 45세 미만까지는 연령이 증가할수록, `집단성` 범주유형에서는 교사 연령이 낮을수록 더 권리침해라고 인식하였다. 면담에서도 비슷한 양상으로 나타났는데 아동권리존중에 대한 인식이 향상된 결과로 해석할 수 있었다. 셋째, 면담에서 교사들의 영유아권리 인식의 근거는 서로 다른 기준과 인식의 제한에 기인하였다. 이 결과는 영유아 교사들의 영유아권리와 권리침해에 대한 인식교육에 기초적 자료를 제공할 것이며, 교수-학습방법과 내용구성에 시사하는 바가 있다. This study is a mixed method study exploring differences of early childhood teachers` rights violation perception and the reasons of the perception. Survey asking degree of young children`s rights violation were implemented. To find the differences by institution types and age of the teachers, Anova and LSD was implemented. Then to find the reason of the differences focus group interview was carried. Study results are that in `absent features` Kindergarten teacher perceived more violated than preschool teachers, in `heteronomous features` and `collective features` opposite results came out. In interview, teachers perceived autonomy and developmental features more important than rights violation. Second, related to age differences in `absent features` the younger the teachers are more perceived rights violation, same result as the interview analysis. This can be interpreted as raised respect for right perception. Third, as the interview results shows, the differences on rights perception was based on different standards and limitation of perception of teachers. These results can be utilized as the basic resource for rights education for early childhood teachers.

일부 다중이용시설의 휘발성유기화합물류 및 폼알데하이드 노출로 인한 건강 위해성 평가 : 호텔, 헬스장, 고시원, 독서실, 비디오방을 중심으로

김호현(Ho-Hyun Kim),양지연(Ji-Yeon Yang),박창수(Chang-Su Park),박주희(Ju-Hee Park),손종렬(Jong Ryeul Sohn),신동천(Dong-Chun Shin),임영욱(Young-Wook Lim) 한국실내환경학회 2011 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.8 No.3

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk on exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde of worker and user at public facilities in Korea. We measured the concentrations of formaldehyde and VOCs in indoor air at 160 public buildings that 5 kinds of public facilities (30 hotel, 30 fitness center, 25 gosiwon, 30 reading-room and 45 video-room) allover the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and risks with averages of the using-time and frequency for facility users and office workers, respectively. Carcinogens (benzene and formaldehyde) were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs). Non-carcinogens (toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene, and styrene) were estimated the hazard quotients (HQs). HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities. Higher HQs of toluene were observed at the reading-room. The average ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene for facility worker and user were 1×10?⁴~1×10?? level in all facilities. The estimated ECRs for reading-room were the highest and the fitness center and gosiwon were the next higher facilities. Because lifetime ECRs of carcinogens exceeded 1×10?⁴ for facility worker in the most facilities, risk management of formaldehyde and benzene in the facilities was necessary. IAQ guidelines should be determined strictly to prevent occurrence of disease caused by poor IAQ beforehand.

어린이 주요활동공간 중 소규모학원 내 유해물질 노출 평가

김호현(Ho-Hyun Kim),이정훈(Jeong-Hun Lee),안선민(Sun-Min An),이재영(Jae-Young Lee),최인석(In-Seak Choi),유시은(Si-Eun Yoo),정다영(Da-Young Jung),이철우(Chul-Woo Lee),박충희(Choong-Hee Park) 한국환경보건학회 2018 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.44 No.3

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify hazardous factors that reflect the characteristics of the academy and to provide basic data of environmental safety standard. Methods: Heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, pesticides and phthalates were measured in 20 academies, which were supplementary, music, art and physical education institutes. Results: In case of heavy metals, the 12 locations were detected for lead (Pb) over the standard value, and 15 locations were exceeded for the total heavy metal. In six locations, the concentrations of volatile organic compounds were exceeded the standard value of 400 µg/m 3 , and two locations for formaldehyde were exceeded the standard value of 100 µg/m 3 . The most commonly detected agents in the air dust were chlorpyrifos and diazinon. The concentrations of DEHP, DINP, and DBP were detected and exceeded in several academies, The risk assessment results showed that HCHO as carcinogen had a safety level of 10-7 to 10-6, and DEHP and DINP as non-carcinogens had a safety level as assessed to be under than 0.1. Conclusions: Through the investigation of long-term environmental and health effects related laws on academies, indoor air quality management might be needed because there were cases of exceeding standard.

풍력 터빈 블레이드용 on/off 방식의 와류 발생기에 대한 연구

김호현(Ho-Hyun Kim),김호영(Ho-Young Kim),한종섭(Jong-Seob Han),한재흥(Jae-Hung Han) 한국항공우주학회 2017 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.4