곶감 추출물의 첨가비율에 따른 설기떡의 품질 특성

김혜옥,문혜경,김귀영,Kim Hye-Ok,Moon Hye-Kyung,Kim Gwi-Young 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.5

This study tried to investigate the best mixing ratio by reviewing the quality characteristics such as moisture content, chromaticity and texture, and sensory characteristics of Seolgidduk made of different ratios of persimmon extracts. A and b color values appeared to increase and L value (lightness) to decrease according to the increase of persimmon extracts ratio. In the case of texture, hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness increased according to the increase of added amount of dried persimmon extracts. The inside section of Seolgidduk was investigated through scanning electron microphotograph, and the $15\%$ of dried persimmon extracts had the smallest and uniform air cells. Seolgidduk with $15\%$ persimmon extracts showed the highest color, flavor and chewiness scores of 3.85, 3.65, and 3.80 from sensory evaluation, respectively. The moistness displayed significant differences according to the increment of the extract Seolgidduk with $15\%$ persimmon extracts displayed the highest overall acceptability of 3.95, while that of the control 3.10. From the above results, $15\%$ mixing ratio of dried persimmons extracts seems to be the most desirable for making Seolgidduk.

난소과자극증후군의 예측과 예방

김혜옥,강인수,Kim, Hye-Ok,Kang, Inn-Soo 대한생식의학회 2010 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.37 No.4

난소과자극증후군은 발생 시 생명을 위협하는 심각한 의인성 합병증으로, 불임 치료를 목적으로 성선자극호르몬을 사용하여 과배란을 유도할 때 발생한다. 따라서, 과배란 유도를 하기에 앞서 위험요인을 가진 환자를 파악하여 저용량의 성선자극호르몬을 사용하거나, GnRH antagonist protocol을 이용함으로써 발생을 예방하는 것이 중요하고, 과배란 유도 중 ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)의 발생이 예측될 때는 성선자극호르몬 투여 시 coasting을 하고 난포 성숙을 유도할 때 저용량의 hCG 혹은 GnRH agonist를 이용하고, 중증의 OHSS가 예측될 때에는 주기취소로 OHSS의 유병기간을 줄이거나 배아동결 등을 통해 후발성 난소과자극증후군을 예방할 수 있다. 그리고, metformin과 dopamine agonist를 난소과자극증후군을 예방을 위해 고려해 볼 수 있겠다. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a life-threatening iatrogenic complication of ovulation induction. Before ovarian stimulation, identification of patients vulnerable to developing OHSS is necessary. And ovarian stimulation should be started with low doses of gonadotropin or GnRH antagonist protocol. During monitoring of ovarian stimulation with risk of OHSS, coasting, low doses hCG and GnRH agonist for triggering ovulation are considered. If severe OHSS is predicted, cycle cancellation and cryopreservation of all embryos should be considered to reduce late-onset OHSS and morbidity. And metformin and dopamine agonist for reducing OHSS are being proposed as a prophylactic treatment for OHSS.

다태임신 감수술 (Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction) 후 완전태아손실에 영향을 미치는 인자

김혜옥,김문영,송현정,박찬우,허걸,김진영,양광문,유근재,송인옥,전종영,궁미경,강인수,Kim, Hye-Ok,Kim, Mun-Young,Song, Hyun-Jeong,Park, Chan-Woo,Hur, Girl,Kim, Jin-Yeong,Yang, Kwang-Mun,You, Keun-Jae,Song, In-Ok,Jun, Jong-Young,Koong, Mi-K 대한생식의학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.30 No.1

Objective : To identify the factors affecting the complete fetal loss following multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR). Design: Retrospective clinical study. Methods : A total of 256 consecutive treatments of MFPR in IVF-ET cycles performed between 1992 through 2000 in Samsung Cheil hospital were analyzed. MFPR was done around 8 weeks of gestation by transvaginal ultrasono-guided aspiration in multiple pregnancies and reduced to singleton or twins. Stepwise logistic regression was performed to identify the factors affecting the final outcome of pregnancy after MFPR. Dependent variable was complete fetal loss and the independent variables were maternal age, paternal age, initial number of gestational sac (iGSNO), initial number of fetal heart beat, the number of remaining live fetus after MFPR, and chorionicity. Results: The total survival rate was 87.9%, and total fetal loss rate after MFPR was 12.1%. Total fetal loss occurred within four weeks from MFPR procedure was 1.95%. Total loss occurred after four weeks of procedure and before 24 gestational weeks was 8.2%. Seventy nine percent (202/256) of pregnancies delivered after 34 weeks of gestation. The survival rate of pregnancies reduced to singleton was significantly higher than that of pregnancies reduced to twins (93.5% vs. 86.7%, p<0.05). The mean ($\pm$SEM) gestational age at delivery was $36.2{\pm}1.0$ and $34.1{\pm}0.5$ weeks for pregnancies reduced to singletons and twins, respectively (p=0.065). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the maternal age, the number of initial gestational sac (iGSNO), and the number of remaining live fetus after MFPR significantly affected the rate of total fetal loss (Z = 0.174'age + 0.596'iGSNO + 1.324'remaining fetuses -12.07), (p<0.05). Conclusions: MFPR seems to be a relatively safe and efficient method to improve the obstetric outcome in high order multiple pregnancy. Because the maternal age, the number of initial gestational sac and the remaining live fetuses after MFPR affect the total fetal loss rate, restriction of the number of transferred embryos according to the age and MFPR to singleton fetus could be considered for the better obstetric outcome in IVF pregnancy.

클로미펜에 부적절한 반응을 보이는 다낭성 난소 증후군 환자에서 Aromatase Inhibitor의 유용성

김혜옥,양광문,허걸,박찬우,차선화,김해숙,김진영,송인옥,궁미경,Kim, Hye Ok,Yang, Kwang Moon,Hur, Kuol,Park, Chan Woo,Cha, Sun Hwa,Kim, Hae Suk,Kim, Jin Yeong,Song, In Ok,Koong, Mi Kyung 대한생식의학회 2005 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.32 No.1

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitor (AI) for ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with thin endometrium, hyper-responsiveness after clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment. Material and Methods: A prospective study was performed in 43 PCOS patients (50 cycles) with ovulatory dysfunction between March 2004 and September 2004. AI group (total 36 cycles) included the patients 1) with thin endometrium below 6 mm on hCG day after CC (n=17), 2) with more than 5 ovulatory follicles after 50mg of CC (n=4), 3) who do not want multiple pregnancy (n=14). Patients were treated with Letrozole 2.5mg for days 3 to 7 of the menstrual cycle. CC group (total 14 cycles) were treated with CC 50~100 mg. Results: In PCOS patients, ovulation was occurred 97.2% after AI use. Between AI group and CC group, there was no significant difference in the mean age, duration of infertility, interval of menstruation, basal FSH, prior treatment cycles, and the day of hCG administration. But, the number of mature follicles (${\geq}15mm$) was lower in the AI group ($1.08{\pm}0.45$ vs. $1.64{\pm}0.75$) (p=0.018), and the thickness of endometrium (mm) was significantly thicker in the AI group ($10.35{\pm}1.74$ vs. $9.23{\pm}1.61$) (p=0.044), and E2 (pg/ml) concentration on hCG day was lower in the AI group ($116.9{\pm}75.8$ vs. $479.5{\pm}300.8$) (p=0.001). Among the AI group, patients with prior thin endometrium (below 6 mm) during CC treatment showed $10.6{\pm}1.6mm$ in the endometrial thickness and $106.6{\pm}66.8pg/ml$ in $E_2$ concentration. Patients with more than 5 ovulatory follicles after CC showed decreased follicle number ($1.25{\pm}0.5$) compared to prior CC cycle. Conclusions: In PCOS patients, AI group showed significantly thicker endometrium, lesser number of mature follicles, and lower E2 concentration on hCG day than CC group. AI might be useful alternative treatment for ovulation induction in PCOS patients with thin endometrium and hyper-responsiveness after CC treatment.

자궁내막증이 있는 불임 여성에서 중등도에 따른 체외 수정의 결과 비교

김혜옥,강인수,Kim, Hye Ok,Kang, Inn Soo 대한생식의학회 2006 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.33 No.4

목 적: 자궁내막증이 체외 수정에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고, 자궁내막증의 체외 수정 결과의 차이에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 1994년부터 2004년까지 제일병원 아이소망센타에서 자궁내막증으로 체외 수정을 시술 받은 697명의 환자 (총 1,199주기)를 후향적으로 연구하였다. 경증의 자궁내막증은 638주기, 중증의 자궁내막증은 561주기였으며, 난관 요인을 가진 325명 (459주기)를 대조군으로 하였다. 제외 기준으로는 여성의 나이가 35세 이상, basal FSH level이 20 mIU/ml 이상인 경우, 심각한 남성 요인의 경우를 제외하였다. 결 과: 중증의 자궁내막증은 난관 요인 보다 획득된 난자의 수 ($9.97{\pm}7.2$ vs. $13.4{\pm}7.9$ (p<0.0001)), 총 배아 수 ($6.5{\pm}4.8$ vs. $9.1{\pm}5.6$ (p<0.0001)), 양질의 배아 수 ($2.43{\pm}1.6$ vs. $2.74{\pm}1.7$ (p=0.013))가 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 하지만, 중증의 자궁내막증의 임신율은 난관 요인과 유사하였다 (35.7 vs. 36.8 (%)). 경증의 자궁내막증은 중증의 자궁내막증과 난관 요인보다 불임 기간이 길었으며 ($55.4{\pm}25.7$ vs. $47.6{\pm}25.6$ vs. $44.4{\pm}30.9$ (개월) p<0.0001)), 수정률이 의미 있게 낮았으나 ($64.8{\pm}22.9$ vs. $69.9{\pm}22.5$ vs.$70.8{\pm}20.8$ (%) (p<0.0001)), 임신율에 유의한 차이는 없었다 (31.1 vs. 35.7 vs. 36.8 (%)). 또한, 체외 수성 이전에 치료 받은 병력이 있던 경증과 중증의 자궁내막증 (363주기 vs. 470주기)은 경증의 자궁내막증에서 중증의 자궁내막증보다 불임 기간이 길고 ($56.5{\pm}26.3$ vs. $46.9{\pm}25.8$ (개월), p<0.0001), 수정률이 낮았으며 ($64.7{\pm}23.3$ vs. $70.5{\pm}22.7$ (%), p=0.001), 임신율과 태아 생존율이 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다 (29.2 vs. 36.2 (%), p=0.045, 23.9 vs. 31.5 (%), p=0.043). 결 론: 체외 수정 시 이전에 치료를 받았던 경증의 자궁내막증은 중증의 자궁내막증보다 임신율과 태아 생존율이 낮았고, 이는 현저한 수정률 감소와 긴 불임 기간이 관련이 있다고 생각된다. 따라서, 장기간의 불임 기간을 가진 경증의 자궁내막증을 가진 불임 여성은 체외 수정을 좀 더 일찍 고려해 볼 수 있겠다. Objective: To evaluate the impact of endometriosis on IVF-ET cycles and to compare IVF outcomes between stage I/II and stage III/IV endometriosis. Methods: We analyzed 697 patients (1,199 cycles) with endometriosis (stage I-II:638 cycles, stage III-IV: 561 cycles) and 325 pts (459 cycles) with tubal factor as controls between January 1994 and April 2004. Pts with endometriosis were diagnosed by laparoscopy and medical and surgical treatment were done in 353 cycles (55.3%) and 466 cycles (83.1%) of stage I-ll/stage III-IV endometriosis. Cycles with age>35 years or FSH>20 miU/mL or severe male factor infertility were excluded. Results: The number of retrieved oocytes ($9.97{\pm}7.2$ vs. $13.4{\pm}7.9$ (p<0.0001 )), total number of embryos ($6.5{\pm}4.8$ vs. $9.1{\pm}5.6$ (p<0.0001)), and good quality embryos ($2.43{\pm}1.6$ vs. $2.74{\pm}1.7$ (p=0.013)) significantly decreased in stage III-IV endometriosis than in control. But pregnancy rate of stage III-IV endometriosis was comparable with control (35.7% vs. 36.8%). Fertilization rate and number of total embryos were lower in stage I-II endometriosis than in control ($64.8{\pm}22.9$ vs. $70.8{\pm}20.8$ (p<0.0001), $7.6{\pm}5.0$ vs. $9.1{\pm}5.6$ (p<0.0001)). In patients with medical and surgical treatment of endometriosis, pregnancy rate and live birth rate was significantly lower in stage I-II than in stage III-IV endometriosis (29.2 vs. 36.2 (%), p=0.045, 23.9 vs. 31.5 (%), p=0.043). There was no difference in the mean age, but the duration of infertility was significantly longer ($56.5{\pm}26.3$ vs. $46.9{\pm}25.8$ (mon), p<0.0001) and fertilization rate was lower ($64.7{\pm}23.3$ vs. $70.5{\pm}22.7$ (%), p=0.001) in stage I-II than stage III-IV endometriosis. Conclusion: We suggest that IVF should be considered earlier in patients with minimal to mild endometriosis because of significantly decreased fertilization rates.

저반응군의 체외수정에서 한 개의 배아 이식 시 임신에 영향을 주는 요인

김혜옥,김민지,연명진,차선화,궁미경,송인옥,Kim, Hye-Ok,Kim, Min-Ji,Yeon, Myeong-Jin,Cha, Sun-Wha,Koong, Mi-Kyoung,Song, In-Ok 대한생식의학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.35 No.3

목 적: 난소기능이 저하된 저반응군 불임 여성에서 한 개의 배아를 이식할 때 임신율에 영향을 주는 요인에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법: 본원에서 1996년 6월부터 2006년 4월까지 시험관 시술을 받은 환자 중, basal FSH가 12 mIU/mL 이상, 획득된 난자가 4개 이하, hCG 투여일에 혈청 $E_2$가 500 pg/ml 미만인 저반응군 총 919주기에서 한 개의 배아만을 이식한 235주기를 대상으로 하였다. 여성의 연령, hCG 투여일에 혈청 $E_2$, basal FSH, 3일째 배아 이식 시 할구수, 과배란 유도 방법, 이식 횟수에 따른 임신율과 생존아 출생률을 비교하였으며, 통계학적인 방법은 Chi-square를 이용하여 p-value 0.05 이하인 경우를 유의하게 평가하였다. 결 과: 총 919주기 중 난자채취 취소율은 25.6% (235주기), 난자채취 실패율은 18.5% (170주기), 배아 이식 취소율은 14.0% (129주기)였다. 한 개의 배아를 이식한 군의 전체 임신율은 8.1% (19주기), 생존아 출생률은 4.7% (11주기)였고, 35세 미만의 여성에서 35세 이상의 여성보다 임신율과 생존아 출생률이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다 (20% vs. 3.5% p<0.0001, 12.3% vs. 1.8%, p=0.002). hCG 투여일에 혈청 $E_2$, basal FSH, 3일째 배아 이식 시 할구수, 과배란 유도 방법에 따른 임신율과 생존아 출생률은 차이가 없었다. 이식 횟수에 따른 누적 임신율은 1회에 8.1%, 2회에 9.2%, 3회에 9.7%, 4회에 9.0%, 5회에 9.5%였다. 결 론: 저반응군의 체외수정에서 한 개의 배아를 이식할 때, 불임 여성의 연령이 35세 미만에서 임신율과 생존아출생률이 유의하게 증가함을 확인하였고, 이식 횟수에 따른 누적 임신율은 차이가 없었다. 이는 체외수정을 시도하려고 하는 난소기능 저하의 불임 여성에서 구체적인 상담 자료로 사용할 수 있겠다. Objective: To evaluate predictor of IVF outcomes following single embryo transfer in patients with decreased ovarian reserve. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in 919 IVF cycles with elevated basal serum FSH (${\geq}12\;mIU/mL$), the number of retrieved oocytes ${\geq}4$ and serum $E_2$ concentration on hCG day <500 pg/ml between Jan. 1996 and Dec. 2006. Two hundred thirty five IVF cycles following single embryo transfer were included. Pregnancy rates and live birth rates was evaluated according to maternal age, serum $E_2$ on hCG day, basal FSH level, the number of blastomere on day 3 ET, stimulation protocol, the number of cycles of ET. Statistical analysis was used SPSS 12.0 program. Results: OPU cancellation rates were 25.6% (235 cycles), OPU failure rates were 18.5% (170 cycles), embryo transfer cancellation rates were 14.0% (129 cycles). Pregnancy rates following single embryo transfer was 8.1% (19 cycles) and live birth rates was 4.7% (11 cycles). Pregnancy rates and live birth rates of women under 35 years old was statistically higher than those of women above 35 years old (20% vs. 3.5% (p<0.0001), 12.3% vs. 1.8%, (p=0.002)). There was no difference in basal FSH, serum $E_2$ on hCG day, and the number of blastomere on ET, and stimulation protocol. Cumulative pregnancy rates according to the number of cycles of ET were $1^{st}$ 8.1%, $2^{nd}$ 9.2%, $3^{rd}$ 9.7%, $4^{th}$ 9.0%, and $5^{th}$ 9.5%. Conclusion: Pregnancy rates and live birth rates of IVF-ET cycles following single embryo transfer in patients with decreased ovarian reserve are statistically increased in women under 35 yrs old. There is no difference in cumulative pregnancy rates. These data may be helpful for counseling women with decreased ovarian reserve in attempting IVF with their own eggs or when choosing donor oocytes.

체외수정 시술 시 경증의 자궁내막증과 원인불명의 불임 여성의 비교

김혜옥 ( Hye Ok Kim ),박찬우 ( Chan Woo Park ),송인옥 ( In Ok Song ),궁미경 ( Mi Kyoung Koong ) 대한산부인과학회 2007 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.50 No.2

목적: 체외수정 시 경증의 자궁내막증과 원인불명의 불임여성의 체외수정 결과의 차이가 있는지 비교하였다. 연구 방법: 1997년 1월부터 2004년 4월까지 체외수정 1202주기를 후향적으로 연구하였다. 경증의 자궁내막증 513주기, 원인불명 338주기, 대조군은 난관요인을 가진 351주기를 대상으로 하였다. 제외기준으로는 여성의 나이가 36세 이상, 난자 채취 시 난자가 4개 미만으로 획득된 경우, 기저 난포자극 호르몬이 20 mIU/ml 이상인 경우, 비폐쇄성 무정자증, 다낭성 난소 증후군을 가진 경우를 제외하였다. 결과: 경증의 자궁내막증, 원인불명, 난관 인자의 평균 연령은 각각 31.7±2.3세, 31.8±2.9세, 31.5±2.7세였다. 일차성 불임의 빈도가 경증의 자궁내막증 (72.3%)과 원인불명 (68.5%)이 난관인자 (31.2%)보다 유의하게 높았다 (p <0.0001). hCG 투여일의 혈청 E2 농도와 난자수는 세 그룹간 비슷하였으나, 수정률 (%)은 경증의 자궁내막증에서 62.3±21.2로 원인불명의 66.0±21.6, 난관인자의 68.8±17.6보다 낮았으며, 특히 난관인자와 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보여 주었다 (p<0.0001). 총 배아수는 경증의 자궁내막증에서 8.38±5.0개로 원인불명 9.21±5.5개, 난관인자 9.81±5.2개보다 적었지만 (p<0.0001), 양질의 배아 (good quality embryo)는 세 그룹간 차이가 없었다. 임신율은 경증의 자궁내막증, 원인불명, 난관인자에서 32%, 35.8%, 39.9%, 착상률은 13.5±23.3, 14.3±23.6, 16.1±23.5였으며, 경증의 자궁내막증에서 가장 낮았으나, 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 경증의 자궁내막증을 가진 불임여성은 체외수정 시 원인불명의 불임여성보다 임신율, 착상률, 생존아 출생률에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 하지만, 수정률의 현저한 저하를 보이므로 장기간의 불임기간을 가진 경증의 자궁내막증과 원인불명의 불임여성에서 체외수정을 좀 더 일찍 고려해 볼 수 있겠다. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the IVF/ICSI outcomes of infertile women with minimal to mild endometriosis associated and unexplained infertility Method: We performed a retrospective analysis of 513 (IVF/ICSI) cycles with minimal to mild endometriosis associated infertility, 338 cycles with unexplained infertility, 351 cycles with tubal factor infertility as controls between Jan. 1997 and Apr. 2004. Exclusion criteria for study were: age>36 yrs old, the number of oocytes retrieved < 4, basal FSH > 20 mIU/ml, patients with nonobstructive azoospermia, polycystic ovarian syndrome. Results: The incidence of primary infertility was significantly higher in minimal to mild endometriosis (72.3%) and unexplained (68.5%) than tubal factor (31.2%) (p<0.0001). There was no difference in fertilization rate between minimal to mild endometriosis associated infertility and unexplained infertility. But minimal to mild endometriosis associated infertility showed significantly lower fertilization rate and the number of total embryos than tubal factor infertility (62.3±21.2% vs. 68.8±17.6% (p<0.0001), 8.38±5.0 vs. 9.81±5.2 (p<0.0001)). But the number of good quality embryos was similar. Clinical pregnancy rates of minimal to mild endometriosis associated, unexplained, and tubal factor infertility was 32%, 35.8%, 39.9% and implantation rates was 13.5±23.3, 14.3±23.6, 16.1±23.5, respectively. Conclusion: The IVF/ICSI outcomes of minimal to mild endometriosis associated infertility is comparable to those of unexplained infertility with respect to clinical pregnancy rates, implantation rates, and live birth rates. And we suggest that IVF should be considered earlier in patients with minimal to mild endometriosis associated and unexplained infertility because of significantly decreased fertilization rates and longer duration of infertility.

이상 문학의 시간의식에 관한 연구 ―「얼마 안 되는 변해」에 나타난 ‘입체적 순간’을 중심으로 ―

김혜옥 ( Kim¸ Hye-ok ) 현대문학이론학회 2020 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.83

이 논문은 이상 문학에 나타난 ‘순간’의 시간형식이 근대의 보편적 구조체계로부터의 탈출과 극복 차원에서 추동된다는 전제 하에 출발하였다. 20세기 이후 새로운 시간론에서는 과거·현재·미래의 선형적 시간의 흐름이 아니라 ‘순간’이 지닌 강력한 역동성에 주목하는데, 이 글에서 이상 문학의 시간의식을 다루는 데 있어, ‘순간’의 문제를 중점적으로 들여다보려는 것은 그러한 새로운 시간론의 입장과도 관련이 있다. 특히 이상의 수필 「얼마 안 되는 변해」에는 매우 특별한 순간의 지점이 포착되는데, 여기서 ‘순간’은 선형적 차원에서의 시간의 한 점이 아니라는 것을 주지해야 한다. 즉 다양한 순간들의 중첩에 의한 시간의 ‘두께’와 ‘밀도’가 내포되어 있다는 점에서 ‘입체적 순간’으로서의 정체성을 갖는다. 본고에서는 이 텍스트를 중심으로 다음 세 가지 층위에서 ‘순간’의 기능과 그 의미하는 바를 밝혀보고자 하였다. 첫째, 보편적 구조체계가 해체되는 순간의 지점은 작품 개시적 드러냄을 담보해주는데, 이때 육체적 언어의 결정화와 함께 순간의 시간은 영원과 통합된다. 이러한 순간은 그 존재만이 지닌 고유한 시간이라는 점에서 하이데거의 실존적 시간론에서 접근이 가능하다. 둘째, 이상 문학에서의 ‘웃음’ 기호를 니체적 웃음과의 관련성에서 들여다보고자 하였는데, 그 이유는 웃음이 특징짓는 우연성과 돌발성이 대결로써 기능한다는 것에서 공통점을 내포하기 때문이다. 셋째, 보편적인 방향이 해체되는 순간이 과거회귀의 분기점이 되는데, 여기서 중요한 것은 과거로 돌아가는 것이 단순한 추억 회상의 차원이 아니라는 것이다. 즉 주체에 의해 가치 있게 선택된 과거의 한 지점은 현재의 시간과 통합됨으로써, ‘차이’에 의한 주체의 생성적 변화를 이끌어내고 열린 미래를 보장해준다는 것에 그 의미가 있다. This thesis started on the premise that the time format of ‘the moment’ shown in Lee Sang’s literature is driven in terms of escape from and overcoming the modern universal structure system. The new time theories after the 20th century focus on the powerful dynamics of the moment, not the linear time of past, present, future. In this article, my trying to focus on the problem of the moment in dealing with the time consciousness of Lee Sang’s literature is also related to such a new time horizon. Especially, a very important and unique moment is captured in Lee Sang’s essay, “Some degree of Excuse.” ‘The moment’ here is not a point of time in a planar dimension, but there are many moments in it. That is, the ‘thickness’ and ‘density’ of time by overlapping various moments are implicit in ‘the moment’. In this respect, it means ‘cubic moment’. While paying attention to this context this study tries to clarify the function and meaning of the moment in the following three layers. First, the point of a moment when the universal structural system is dissolved ensures initiating disclosure of the work and this can be associated with Heidegger’s existential time in that it is the intrinsic time retained only by that existence. At this point, the moment is integrated with eternity along with the crystallization of physical language. Second, in Lee Sang’s literature, the laughter symbol was related to Nietzsche’s laughter. Because there is something in common that unexpectedness, the coincidence, suddenness characterized by laughter functions as a confrontation. Third, the moment that the universal direction is dissolved is the turning point of returning to the past. What I care about here is that returning to the past is not simply in the level of recollecting reminiscences. Valuable past integrates with the present moment. It’s meaningful that this leads to a generative change by ‘difference’ and it guarantees an open future.

냉동치료로 치료된 비전형적 기관지 유암종

김혜옥 ( Hye Ok Kim ),김세중 ( Se Joong Kim ),이승현 ( Seung Hyeun Lee ),이은주 ( Eun Joo Lee ),허규영 ( Gyu Young Hur ),이승룡 ( Sung Yong Lee ),이상엽 ( Sang Yeub Lee ),김제형 ( Je Hyeong Kim ),신철 ( Chol Shin ),심재정 ( Jae J 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2011 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.70 No.6

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are relatively uncommon neoplasms that are considered to be malignant tumors of low to intermediate grade. They are classified by pathologic features as typical or atypical carcinoids and have distinctly different prognoses and therapeutic options. Surgery is the treatment of choice in typical and atypical carcinoid tumors but the approach has been changing. Recently, several studies have described experiences using other technologies as adjuncts to bronchoscopic resection, technologies such as laser and cryotherapy with curative intent in endoluminal typical carcinoids. Here we present a case of atypical bronchial carcinoid that was treated with bronchoscopic cryotherapy.

현대실내공간에 적용된 스위스 알리앙츠 작품의 시스템적 표현특성에 관한 연구

김혜옥(Kim, Hye-Ok),신홍경(Shin, Hong-Kyung) 한국실내디자인학회 2001 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.- No.26