일개 농촌지역 저소득층 당뇨병환자의 관리 상태

김혜연,윤우준,신민호,권순석,안혜란,최성우,이영훈,조동혁,이정애,Kim, Hye-Yeon,Yun, Woo-Jun,Shin, Min-Ho,Kweon, Sun-Seong,Ahn, Hye-Ran,Choi, Seong-Woo,Lee, Young-Hoon,Cho, Dong-Hyeok,Rhee, Jung-Ae 대한예방의학회 2009 예방의학회지 Vol.42 No.5

Objectives : Knowledge about the management status of diabetic melitus (DM) is essential to improve diabetic management. Moreover, low income is associated with poor adherence to treatment and increased mortality. This study was performed to evaluate the management status of DM in low-income patients in a rural area. Methods : We enrolled 370 patients with type 2 DM living in Gokseong county, JeollaNamdo. A well-trained examiner measured the height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Carotid ultrasonography was used to measure carotid artery carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque. anklebrachial index (ABI) was used to evaluate peripheral artery disease. A fundoscopic examination was performed to evaluate diabetic retinopathy. A history of diabetes complications and health-related questionnaires were also completed. Results : The age of diabetic subjects was 68.7$\pm$8.7 years and the duration of diabetes was 8.9$\pm$8.2 years. Most (63.5%) had hypertension, and 45.7% had triglycerides below 150 mg/dl, 38.1% had low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) cholesterol below 100 mg/dl, 48.7% had urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) below 30 mg/g. Less than half (45.9%) achieved the goal of HbA1c less than 7% suggested by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). 10.6% had peripheral vascular disease, 11.9% had retinopathy, and 60.8% had chronic kidney disease. Conclusions : DM management in low income patients is very poor and requires further work to improve.

바이오에탄올 생산에 적합한 백합나무(Liriodendron tulipifera)의 oxalic acid 전처리 효과 탐색

김혜연 ( Hye Yun Kim ),이재원 ( Jae Won Lee ),( Thomas W. Jeffries ),곽기섭 ( Ki Seob Gwak ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ) 韓國木材工學會 2009 목재공학 Vol.37 No.4

바이오에탄올 생산을 위한 백합나무(Liriodendron tulipifera) 칩의 동시당화발효 및 Response Surface Method를 이용한 옥살산 전처리 조건 탐색

김혜연 ( Hye Yun Kim ),이재원 ( Jae Won Lee ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ),( Thomas W. Jeffries ) 한국목재공학회 2011 목재공학 Vol.39 No.1

이 연구에서는 백합나무(Liriodendron tulipifera)를 옥살산으로 전처리한 시료로부터 에탄올 생산 가능성을 조사하고, response surface methodology(RSM)를 도입하여 전처리 조건을 분석하고자 한다. 산농도, 전처리 시간, 반응 온도를 조절하여 2(3) factorial central composite experimental design을 바탕으로 각기 다른 l5가지의 전처리 조건에서 시험하였다(central point에서 2반복). 전처리 후 고체 시료는 발효 균주인 Pichia stipitis를 사용하여 동시 당화발효로 에탄올 생산에 이용되었으며, 각각의 시료에서의 72시간에서의 에탄올 생산량(y,g/ℓ)이 최대값으로, 종속변수로써 RSM에 적용되었다. 180℃에서 40분간 0.013 g/ g의 옥살산으로 처리한 시료가 가장 많은 양의 에탄올(9.7 g/ℓ)을 생산하였으며, response surface methodology 분석에 따르면, 전처리 조건에서 온도 인자가 ethanol에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 제시되었으며, 결과는 수식화되어 나타내었다. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of producing bioethanol from yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) wood chips by oxalic acid pretreatment and to examine the pretreatment conditions by response surface methodology (RSM). Based on 2(3) factorial design, adjusted variables were reaction temperature (℃), residence time (min), and acid loading (g/g), and a series of distinct 15 experimental conditions was organized with duplication at central point (total 16 performances). After pretreatment, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was subjected on solid fraction with yeast strain Pichia stipitis Maximum ethanol yields of the most samples were measured at 72 hours and applied to RSM as a dependent variable. 9.7g/ℓ of ethanol was produced from the solid pretreated at 180℃ for 40 min with 0.013g/g of oxalic acid loading. According to the response surface methodology, it was determined that the temperature is the most governing factor via statistic analysis.

상호 안전성 대응 차체 전방 구조에 관한 연구

신장호,김윤창,김혜연,Shin, Jangho,Kim, Yun Chang,Kim, Hye Yeon 한국자동차안전학회 2011 자동차안전학회지 Vol.3 No.2

In recent years, rapid-increasing market share of compact cars and SUVs has brought for both consumer and automaker to pay more attention on crash compatibility between the compact passenger vehicles and the light trucks (i.e., Pickups and SUVs). Vehicle compatibility regarding both self and partner protection in frontal crash of different class vehicles is one of hot issues in vehicle safety. Furthermore, it is expected that the amendment of UNECE-Regulation 94 to implement compatibility issues in couple of coming years. In this study, conceptual design of compatibility compliant frontal vehicle structure which subjects to improve? the distribution of frontal crash loading and structural engagement between vehicles is introduced. The effects of proposed vehicle structure on both possible candidates (i.e. FWRB, FWDB and PDB) for a compatibility evaluation test procedure and car-to-car crash are also investigated.

모유수유와 알레르기 질환에 대한 고찰

성시윤(Si Yun Sung),김혜연(Hye Yeon Kim) 대한모유수유한의학회 2023 nipple confusion,breastfeeding consultation,IBCLC, Vol.4 No.1

Objectives: This study reviewed the components of human breast milk in terms of its nutritional and immunological aspects and discussed the relationship between breastfeeding and allergic diseases regarding gut microbiota. Methods: Pubmed, Google scholarship, and UptoDate scholastic were used as search sources. A combination of ‘Human breast milk’, ‘Breastfeeding’, ‘Allergic disease’, ‘Atopic dermatitis’, ‘Asthma’, ‘Allergic rhinitis’, and ‘Microbiota’ was used as a search term. Without regard to the year of publication, literature in both Korean and English was examined. Results: Breast milk contains large amounts of macronutrients, micronutrients, and immunologic components, meaning more than just nutritional benefits. It plays an important role in preventing infection and developing a mature immune system during the early period of life. Studies on the correlation between breastfeeding and allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis have conflicting results. However, it is suggested that the delivery of immunologic components and changes in gut microbiota through breastfeeding lead to changes in the immune response, affecting the occurrence of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Conclusions: It is clear that breastfeeding has nutritional and immune benefits for infants It is expected that the exact causal relationship between breastfeeding and gut microbiota will be examined through further studies.

Optimization of organosolv pretreatment with sulfuric acid for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida)

박나현(Park, Na-Hyun),김혜연(Kim, Hye-Yun),곽기섭(Gwak, Ki-Seob),구본욱(Koo, Bon-Wook),어환명(Yeo, Hwan-Myeong),최인규(Choi, In-Gyu) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11

The object is to optimize the best condition of organosolv pretreatment process with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. As a material, Pitch pine (Pinus rigida) was ground and sieved through 40-mesh screen, and Celluclast and beta-glucosidase were used as enzymes for enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment processes were carried out in the minibomb, and 20 g of materials with 200 ml of 50% ethanol solution (v/v) with 1% sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Pretreatment temperature was varied from 150?C to 190?C, and time was varied from 0 to 20 min. Then, residual materials were used for enzymatic hydrolysis. The best conditions were selected by estimating followed enzymatic hydrolysis rate and degradable rates after pretreatment process. The highest value of enzymatic hydrolysis rate was obtained as 55 - 60% at 160 and at 180?C, but the value decreased under more severe conditions. As the residual rates decreased under severe conditions, it infered that the decrease of sugar contents limits enzymatic hydrolysis rates. Combined with enzymatic hydrolysis rate, degradable rates and H-factors, the temperatures at 160?C for 20 min and at 180?C for 0 min were concluded as the optimized conditions where have the lowest H-factor value for considering energy input.

SCB액비 처리량에 따른 백합나무의 생장 및 바이오에탄올 생산

김호용 ( Ho Yong Kim ),곽기섭 ( Ki Seob Gwak ),김혜연 ( Hye Yun Kim ),유근옥 ( Keun Ok Ryu ),김판기 ( Pan Gi Kim ),조도현 ( Do Hyun Cho ),최진용 ( Jin Yong Choi ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2011 목재공학 Vol.39 No.6

SCB액비 처리가 백합나무의 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 수확된 백합나무를 원료로 한 바이오에탄올 생산량 비교를 위하여, 처리량별로 처리구를 설정하고 상대 생장량, 바이오매스 생장량, 엽특성 및 구성당과 에탄올 생산량을 각각 분석하였다. SCB액비 처리를 통해 백합나무의 바이오매스 생장량(64.67 %) 및 Glucose 함량(6.07 %)이 증가하였고 이는 SCB액비에 함유된 양료 성분과 수분 함량이 엽록소 생산에 영향을 끼쳤기 때문으로 사료된다. 바이오에탄올 생산에 앞서 SCB액비 처리되어 생장한 백합나무를 유기용매 전처리 및 약산 전처리를 하였으며 반응 온도(150˚C), 승온 시간(40분), 반응 시간(10분)은 모두 동일하게 진행하였다. 전처리 효율은 중 처리구를 유기용매 전처리(w/1% 황산) 하였을 때 잔여율이 44.81%로 가장 높았으며, 치환성 양이온이 전처리 효과를 증진시킨 것으로 보인다. 전처리 된 사료를 동시당화발효하여 바이오에탄올을 생산하였으며 초기 투입량 대비 가장 높은 에찬올 생산 수율은 대 처리구에서 얻을 수 있었으나(16.11%). 바이오매스 생산량을 고려하면 중 처리구의 에탄올 생산량이 가장 많았으며, 대조구 대비 72.93% 증가하였다. The main purpose of this study was to examine the influence of treatment amounts of Slurry Composting and Biofiltration liquid fertilizer (SCGLF) on biomass growth of Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and to compare bioethanol production from the harvested wood Relative growth rate, biomass production and leaf characteristics were significantly enhanced by SCBLF treatment and medium treatment plot showed highest value. Nitrogen compounds and water content in SCBLF affected to increase chlorophyll contents which led improving biomass production (64.67%) and glucose contents (6.07%) than control. Organosolv and dilute acid pretreatments were preliminarily carried for bioethanol production, and the pretreatment processes were conducted at all the same solid to liquid ratio (1:10), reaction temperature (150˚C), preheating time (40 min) and residence time (10 min). The water insoluble solid recovery of Organosolv pretreatment with 1% sulfuric acid as a catalyst was the lowest and that of medium treatment plot was 44.81%. Exchangeable cations in SCBLF might be affected to increase pretreatment effect. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process was followed to determine the ethanol production of the pretreated biomass. The highest ethanol production yield based on initial weight was obtained from high treatment plotby Organosolv pretreatment with 1% sulfuric acid (16.11%). But regarding biomass production, medium treatment plot produced most, and bioethanol production was increased by 72.93% than control.

평생교육으로서 경제교육의 효과 분석

고상미(Ko, Sang Mi),김혜연(Kim, Hye Yeon),남윤명(Nam, Yun Meong),한근진(Han, Kun Jin) 충북대학교 국제개발연구소 2016 사회적경제와 정책연구 Vol.6 No.1

한 개인이 갖는 경제에 대한 태도는 유아기에 형성되기 시작하여 성인이 되어서도 유지되는 경향이 있다. 어렸을 때부터 건전한 경제태도를 갖고 평생에 걸쳐 지속될 수 있도록 평생교육으로서 경제교육은 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 경제교육 효과에 관한 연구는 일회성 및 단기 경제교육을 통한 교육 효과를 분석한 연구들이 대부분이고, 장기 경제교육에 따른 효과 분석에 대한 연구는 부족한 편이다. 이에 본 연구는 빠르게 변화하는 환경 속에서 합리적인 선택과 소비 등을 위한 경제교육의 개념을 평생교육관점에서 살펴보고, 평생교육으로서 경제교육이 갖는 의미와 그 효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 기초 경제개념을 이해하고 있으면서 10회 장기 경제교육을 모두 제공받은 지역아동센터 4~6학년 초등학생을 대상으로 선정하였다. 총10차시 장기교육 중 1차시 교육 시작 전, 3차시 교육 후, 7차시 교육 후, 10차시 교육 후 총 4차례에 걸쳐 경제태도에 대한 설문을 실시하고 교육정도에 따른 효과를 단일집단 사전사후 측정설계로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 교육 전후의 경제인식, 경제습관, 경제의식 모두 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 항목별 경제태도에 대한 효과를 살펴본 결과, 전체적으로 3차시 교육 후와 7차시 교육 후 큰 폭으로 상승하고 그 효과가 지속적으로 유지되는 양상을 보였다. 즉, 교육의 효과는 교육 후 바로 나타나는 것이 아니라 지속적인 교육을 실시 후 일정기간 경과해야 나타난다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 장기 경제교육은 불확실한 글로벌 환경에서 변화에 적용하기 위한 필수 과정이며, 특히 의사결정 시 감정에 의존하는 어린이 청소년들의 올바른 경제태도를 갖는데 중요한 역할을 한다고 시사한다. The attitude of one individual toward economics begins to form during early childhood and tends to hold up even as an adult. An economics education as lifelong education which enables a sound economic attitude that lasts throughout one’s life from childhood has an important meaning. Studies on the effect of an economics education mostly involve analyzing the effect of a one time or short term education, and studies on the effect of a long-term economics education are lacking. Therefore, the present study examines the concepts of an economics education that aims at reasonable selection and consumption within a rapidly changing environment from a perspective of lifelong education, and attempts to inquire into the meaning of economics education as lifelong education and its effect. The results of the analysis show a positive effect in terms of economic awareness, economic habits, and economic consciousness after the execution of the education. Furthermore, an examination of the effects on economic attitude per item revealed that it increased by a wide margin after the third and seventh education, and was continuously maintained. In other words, the effect of the education did not appear immediately after the education but rather appeared after the passage of a certain period since conducting continuous education. Long term economics education is an essential course for adapting to the change in an unclear global environment, and, in particular, plays in important role for children and adolescents who depend on their emotions when making decisions to acquire a proper economic attitude.

VPP (Value Prior to Pulping) 부산물을 이용한 바이오에탄올 생산

이재원 ( Jae Won Lee ),김혜연 ( Hye Yun Kim ),( Thomas W. Jeffries ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2010 목재공학 Vol.38 No.6

본 연구는 diethyl oxalate 처리로부터 얻어진 가문비나무 가수분해산물을 이용하여 에탄올 생산에 적합한 조건을 탐색하였다 가문비내무 가수분해산물의 단당류 분석 결과 아라비노오스를 제외한 발효가능한 당 농도는 29.04 g/ℓ이었으며 가수분해산물에 포함된 올리고머로부터 분해된 단당은 대부분 만노오스(39.26 g/ℓ)와 갈락토오스02.83 g/ℓ)가 차지하였다 발효저해물질인 5-HMF. furfural의 농도는 각각 0.09 g/ℓ. 0.04 g/ℓ. acetic acid는 1.4 g/ℓ . total phenolic compounds는 2.83 g/ℓ로 나타났다. 가수분해산물을 이용한 에탄올 생산 최적 pH는 6.0.으로 발효 48시간 후 1l.7g/ℓ의 에탄올을 생산하였다. 시간당 에탄올 생산량은 pH 5.0와 5.5에서 0.15 (g/(ℓ*h))로 나타났으며 pH 6.0에서는 0.24 (g/(ℓ*h))로 나타났다. 시간당 생성된 에탄올 생산량은 에탄올 발효 초기 pH에 따라 차이를 나타냈다. 가수분해산물에 xylanase 20 IU를 첨가하여 올리고머를 분해한후 발효를 실시한 결과 48시간 후 14.3 g/ℓ의 에탄올을 생산하였다. 이것은 xylanase를 첨가하지 않았을 때보다 에탄올 생산량이 22.2% 증가되었음을 나타내고 있다. In this study, we evaluated optimal conditions for ethanol production of the spruce hydrolysate (SH) obtained from diethyl oxalate pretreatment. Fermentable sugar concentration in SH was 29.04 g/ R except arabinose. Monosaccharides obtained from the oligomer degradation were mainly mannose (39.26 g/ℓ) and galactose (12.83 g/ℓ). Concenrration of 5-HMF and furfural which are inhibitors on ethanol fermentation were 0.09 g/ℓ and 0.04 g/ℓ respectively. Concentration of acetic acid and total phenolic compounds in SH were 1.4 g/ℓ and 2.83 g/ℓ. Ethanol production using hydrolysate was 11.7 g/ℓ at optimal pH 6.0 after 48 h. Specific ethanol production was 0.15 (g/ℓ*h)) at pH 5.0 and 5.5. while that was 0.24 (g/ℓ*h)) at pH 6.0. Specific ethanol production has difference depend on initial pH for fermentation. Ethanol production was 143 g/ℓ after 48 h when xylanase 20 IU was added in SH for degradation of oligomer during fermentation. It implied that ethanol production increased by 22.2% compare with control (without xylanase).

딸기 화방 별 과중 및 당 함량의 변화

이상우(Sang-Woo Lee),김혜연(Hye-Yeon Kim),강미정(Mi-Jeong Knag),하자연(Ja-Yeon Ha),송현진(Hyeon-Jin Song),강호종(Ho-Jong Kang),채윤석(Yun-Seok Chae),홍점규(Jeom-Gyu Hong) 한국원예학회 2009 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2009 No.5