Characterization of by-products from organosolv pretreatments of yellow poplar wood (Liriodendron tulipifera) in the presence of acid and alkali catalysts

곽기섭,구본욱(Gwak, Ki-Seob),박나현(Park, Na-Hyun),정한섭(Jeong, Han-Seob),최준원(Choi, Joon-Weon),여환명(Yeo, Hwan-Myeong),최인규(Choi, In-Gyu) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11

Organic by-products derived from cellulose and lignin during organosolv pretreatments of yellow poplar wood (Liriodendron tulipifera) in the presence of H₂SO₄ and NaOH as catalysts, respectively, were subjected to various analyses to elucidate their effects on further performance of biological ethanol fermentation and provide preliminary data for the structure and utilization of organosolv lignin. Monomeric sugars amounted to ca. 2.2-7.7% in the organosoluble fraction of the organosolv pretreatment with H₂SO₄, while significantly low amount of sugars (0.2-0.3%) were determined in that of the organosolv pretreatment with NaOH. In case of addition of H₂SO₄ during organosolv pretreatment of biomass, a fermentation of the organosoluble fraction could be considered as an essential process to increase an efficiency of biomass utilization as well as yield of bioethanol. Precipitates, insoluble by-products in the solvent mixture, were also cficiency oed by diverse analytical methods and revealed that these were typically composed of a lignin moiety regardless of catalyst. According to the results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier Tcinsform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gel permeation chromatograp r (GPC), the main components of precipitates seem to be lignin polymers. However, their structures could be slightly modified during pretreatment and mixed with some carbohydrates by chemical bonds and/or physical associations.

SCB 액비 처리에 의한 백합나무의 생장 증진

곽기섭(Ki-Seob Gwak),김호용(Ho-Yong Kim),유근옥(Keun-Ok Ryu),최형순(Hyung-Soon Choi),조도현(Do-Hyun Cho),김판기(Pan-Gi Kim),최인규(In-Gyu Choi) 한국산림바이오에너지학회 2009 산림바이오에너지 Vol.28 No.1

SCB (Slurry Composting and Biofiltration) 액비 처리에 의한 백합나무의 생장 증진 효과를 확인하기 위하여 무 처리구, 관수 처리구, SCB 액비 처리구로 시험구를 설정하여 상대생장량, 엽면적, 건중량, 엽록소 함량, 토양 및 백합나무 가지, 잎의 무기원소 함량을 각각 분석하였다. 무 처리구, 관수 처리구에 비해 SCB 액비 처리구에서 상대 생장량, 엽면적, 건중량, 엽록소 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 관수 처리구가 무 처리구보다 높은 경향을 보여준 결과로부터 SCB에 함유된 양료 성분과 수분 함량이 백합나무의 생장에 중요한 인자일 것이라고 사료되었다. 보다 정확한 원인을 구명하기 위해 토양 및 백합나무 가지, 잎의 무기원소 함량을 측정하였다. 토양과 백합나무 잎의 총 질소, 총인, 칼륨 함량이 세 처리구 중 SCB 액비 처리구에서 높게 나타났는데, 이는 SCB 액비 처리에 의해 토양 내의 질소, 인, 칼륨 함량이 증가하였고, 백합나무 뿌리를 통하여 잎까지 이동된 것을 의미한다. 질소, 인, 칼륨은 식물체의 주요 구성성분 및 대사 작용에 사용되기 때문에 SCB 액비 처리로 인하여 백합나무에 양료원소가 공급되어 생장이 증가한 것으로 사료되었다. 이들 결과는 바이오매스 생산의 증가를 의미하는 것이며, 백합나무의 바이오순환림 조성 시 효율적인 바이오매스 생산에 기여할 것으로 사료된다. To evaluate the growth improvement of Liriodendron tulipifera through SCB manure treatment, three experimental sectors of the control, water and SCB manure treatments were set up, and relative growth rate, leaf area, leaf dry weight, chlorophyll content, and inorganic contents of soil, twig and leaf were measured. Relative growth rate, leaf area and leaf dry weight on SCB manure treatment were higher than those on the control and water treatment. Based on the results of higher relative growth rate, leaf area and leaf dry weight on water treatment than those on the control, it seemed that nutrient and water contents in the soil were important factors for the growth of L. tulipifera. To investigate the factor for the tree growth, inorganic contents of soil, twig and leaf were analyzed. The N, P and K contents of soil and leaf on SCB manure treatment were the highest level among three experimental sectors. These results meant that the N, P and K contents of soil through SCB manure treatment increased, and these components were transported to the leaf through the root. As the N, P and K were main components of the plant, and important to tree metabolism actions, the beneficial components were supplied to L tulipifera by SCB manure treatment, and its growth was improved. This result suggested that the growth improvement of L tulipifera through SCB manure treatment caused the increase of biomass production, and might contribute to effective biomass production of L tulipifera forestation for bioenergy production.

피부사상균에 대한 편백정유의 Mono-및 Sesquiterpene 항진균 활성 비교

곽기섭 ( Ki Seob Gwak ),박미진 ( Mi Jin Park ),정의배 ( Eui Bae Jeung ),장제원 ( Je Won Chang ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2006 목재공학 Vol.34 No.3

Lovastatin을 생산하는 식용버섯 선발과 HMG-CoA reductase 저해 효과

이재원,이수민,곽기섭,이지윤,최인규,Lee Jae-Won,Lee Soo-Min,Gwak Ki-Seob,Lee Ji-Yoon,Choi In-Gyu 한국미생물학회 2006 미생물학회지 Vol.42 No.2

국내에서 식용버섯으로 이용되고 있는 8종 균주의 자실체와 균사체로부터 콜레스테롤 합성을 저해하는 lovastatin 생산과 고지혈증 억제활성을 탐색하였다. TLC 분석으로 lovastatin생산 유무를 검색한 결과 자실체와 균사체의 추출물에 대해 Rf값이 표준물질콰 같은 약 0.46에서 뚜렷한 밴드가 형성됨을 확인하였다. 자실체로부터 lovastatin 추출을 위한 용매로는 water/acetonitrile/methanol (5:2.5:2.5)을 사용하였을 매 가장 효과적인 lovastatin 생산량을 보였다. Lovastatin 생산량은 자실체 중에서는 Pleurotus ostreatus가 0.98 mg/g (dry biomass)으로 가장 높은 생산량을 나타냈고 균사체 배양액 추출물에 대해서도 P. ostreatus가 21.90 mg/L로 높은 생산량을 나타냈다. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase 저해활성에서는 자실체에서 P ostreatus가 67.8%, 균사체에서 P. ostreatus와Laetiporus sulphureus가 각각 37.2%, 29.1%의 저해활성을 보였다. L. sulphureus는 lovastatin 생산량에 비해 높은 저해활성을 나타내서 lovastatin 이외의 다른 고지혈증 억제물질을 GC/MS로 분석한 결과 대사산물로 분비되는 식물성 sterol 물질인 campesterol과 gamma-sitosterol이 검출되었다. This research was performed to determine the production of lovastatin and its HMG-CoA reductase activity produced by fruit bodies and mycelial liquid cultures of domestic edible mushrooms (8 fungal strains). By deter-mining TLC analysis for the confirmation of the presence of lovastatin, all the extracts from fruit bodies and mycelial liquid culture showed same Rf value (0.46), whick was identical to that of the standard lovastatin. In order to extract lovastatin from fruit body, the mixture of water/acetonitrile/methanol was chosen as the most effective solvent. Extracts from fruit body and mycelial liquid culture of pleurotus ostreatus produced the high-est lovastatin 0.98 mg/g based on dry biomass, and 21.90 mg/L, respectively. In the inhibition rate of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, the highest was obtained in P. ostreatus as 67.8% among fruit bodies, and the rates of mycelial liquid culture extracts from P. ostreatus and Laetiporus sulphureus were 37.2% and 29.1%, respectively. Unusually L. sulphureus showed high inhibition rate with low content of lovastatin due to the contribution of campesterol and gamma-sitosterol with hypocholesterolemic activity as metabolites.

SCB액비 처리량에 따른 백합나무의 생장 및 바이오에탄올 생산

김호용 ( Ho Yong Kim ),곽기섭 ( Ki Seob Gwak ),김혜연 ( Hye Yun Kim ),유근옥 ( Keun Ok Ryu ),김판기 ( Pan Gi Kim ),조도현 ( Do Hyun Cho ),최진용 ( Jin Yong Choi ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2011 목재공학 Vol.39 No.6

SCB액비 처리가 백합나무의 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 수확된 백합나무를 원료로 한 바이오에탄올 생산량 비교를 위하여, 처리량별로 처리구를 설정하고 상대 생장량, 바이오매스 생장량, 엽특성 및 구성당과 에탄올 생산량을 각각 분석하였다. SCB액비 처리를 통해 백합나무의 바이오매스 생장량(64.67 %) 및 Glucose 함량(6.07 %)이 증가하였고 이는 SCB액비에 함유된 양료 성분과 수분 함량이 엽록소 생산에 영향을 끼쳤기 때문으로 사료된다. 바이오에탄올 생산에 앞서 SCB액비 처리되어 생장한 백합나무를 유기용매 전처리 및 약산 전처리를 하였으며 반응 온도(150˚C), 승온 시간(40분), 반응 시간(10분)은 모두 동일하게 진행하였다. 전처리 효율은 중 처리구를 유기용매 전처리(w/1% 황산) 하였을 때 잔여율이 44.81%로 가장 높았으며, 치환성 양이온이 전처리 효과를 증진시킨 것으로 보인다. 전처리 된 사료를 동시당화발효하여 바이오에탄올을 생산하였으며 초기 투입량 대비 가장 높은 에찬올 생산 수율은 대 처리구에서 얻을 수 있었으나(16.11%). 바이오매스 생산량을 고려하면 중 처리구의 에탄올 생산량이 가장 많았으며, 대조구 대비 72.93% 증가하였다. The main purpose of this study was to examine the influence of treatment amounts of Slurry Composting and Biofiltration liquid fertilizer (SCGLF) on biomass growth of Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and to compare bioethanol production from the harvested wood Relative growth rate, biomass production and leaf characteristics were significantly enhanced by SCBLF treatment and medium treatment plot showed highest value. Nitrogen compounds and water content in SCBLF affected to increase chlorophyll contents which led improving biomass production (64.67%) and glucose contents (6.07%) than control. Organosolv and dilute acid pretreatments were preliminarily carried for bioethanol production, and the pretreatment processes were conducted at all the same solid to liquid ratio (1:10), reaction temperature (150˚C), preheating time (40 min) and residence time (10 min). The water insoluble solid recovery of Organosolv pretreatment with 1% sulfuric acid as a catalyst was the lowest and that of medium treatment plot was 44.81%. Exchangeable cations in SCBLF might be affected to increase pretreatment effect. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process was followed to determine the ethanol production of the pretreated biomass. The highest ethanol production yield based on initial weight was obtained from high treatment plotby Organosolv pretreatment with 1% sulfuric acid (16.11%). But regarding biomass production, medium treatment plot produced most, and bioethanol production was increased by 72.93% than control.

삼나무 건조 중 발생하는 휘발성 유기화합물 Terpenoids의 분석

이수연 ( Su Yeon Lee ),곽기섭 ( Ki Seob Gwak ),김선홍 ( Seon Hong Kim ),이전제 ( Jun Jae Lee ),여환명 ( Hwan Myeong Yeo ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2010 목재공학 Vol.38 No.3

본 연구는 삼나무의 건조 중 발생하는 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 중 terpenoids 성분을 분석하기 위해 thermal extractor를 이용하였다. 기존의 건조 조건을 고려하여 27°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, 120°C에서 실험을 실시한 결과 온도 조건이 높아질수록 VOCs와 terpenoids의 방산량이 증가하였다. 방산된 VOCs 중 terpenoids 화합물이 차지하는 비율은 각각의 온도에 대해 87.5%, 81.6%, 83.6%, 90.1%, 97.3%로 특히 100°C와 120°C에서는 90% 이상의 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 상대적으로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있는 성분은 δ-cadinene이었으며 이 외에도 총 32종류의 다양한 terpenoids 성분이 검출되었다. 특히 방산된 성분들은 모두 탄소 15개로 이루어진 sesquiterpene 류에 속하는 성분으로서 삼나무를 이루는 주요 성분임을 확인하였다. 방산된 sesquiterpenes 화합물의 이용을 모색하고자 피부사상균에 대한 항진균 활성을 한천희석법을 이용하여 평가해 보았다. 그 결과 공시 균주 Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum에 대해 모두 활성을 나타냈다. 시료의 농도가 5000 ppm일 때에는 3 균주에 대해 모두 100%의 활성을 나타냈으며 1000 ppm일 때에는 95.2%, 98.7%, 97.3%의 활성을, 100 ppm일 때에는 90.5%, 43.6%, 85.9%의 활성을 각각 보였다. The aim of this study was to investigate the terpenoids of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) released during drying of Cryptomeria japonica using the thermal extractor (TE). Considering the drying process of C. japonica, temperatures of TE were set at 27°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, and 120°C, respectively. As the result, the emission factors of VOCs and terpenoids were increased as temperature increased. The amount of terpenoids included in VOCs emission factors were 87.5%, 81.6%, 83.6%, 90.1%, and 97.3% depending on above temperatures, respectively. Especially at 100°C and 120°C, the amount of terpenoids were measured more than 90%. δ-cadinene was the highest yield at each temperature and 32 types of terpenoids were collected. Emitted terpenoids were classified into the sesquiterpene group which consists of 15 carbon sources. These 32 sesquiterpenes were used for determining the useful bioactivity such as antifungal activity by the agar dilution. As the result, they showed the antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum. The 5,000 ppm concentration of terpenoids showed a strong activity with 100% against the 3 fungi. At the 1,000 ppm concentration of terpenoids, the antifungal activities against three fungi were 95.2%, 98.7%, and 97.3%, and their activities were a little inhibited at 100 ppm concentration.

Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010에 의한 폴리염화비페닐류의 생분해: 균체 외 효소활성 및 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 영향

홍창영 ( Chang Young Hong ),곽기섭 ( Ki Seob Gwak ),이수연 ( Su Yeon Lee ),김선홍 ( Seon Hong Kim ),정한섭 ( Han Seob Jeong ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2011 목재공학 Vol.39 No.6

본 연구에서는 Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010을 이용하여 폴리염화비페닐류의 생분해와 효소 시스템간의 상관관계에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 폴리염화비페닐 동족체 첨가에 따라 단백질 정량 및 manganese peroxidase (MnP)와 laccase의 활성을 비교하였으며, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase의 저해 정도를 평가함으로써 균체 내 효소가 폴리염화비페닐의 생분해에 끼치는 영향을 규명하였다. 단백질 정량 및 균체 외 효소 활성을 측정해 본 결과, 대조구에 비해 폴리염화비페닐 동족체를 첨가한 실험구에서 단백질 농도 및 효소활성이 더 높게 측정되었다. 단백질 농도의 경우, 2,2`,4,4`,5,5`-hexachlorobiphenyl을 첨가했을 때, 가장 높은 단백질 농도가 측정되었다. 하지만 MnP와 laccase 활성에서는 상대적으로 염소원자가 적게 치환된 2,3`,4`,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl을 첨가한 실험구에서 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase의 저해 정도를 평가한 결과, 2,3`,4`,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl을 첨가한 실험구의 경우, 배양 1일째, 저해제 1-aminobenzotriazole 0.1 mM에서 2.73%의 분해율을 나타냈으며, 저해제 첨가 시 생분해율이 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 2,2`,4,4`,5,5`-hexachlorobiphenyl 역시, 저해제의 존재 하에 20% 내외의 분해율을 보였으며, 이는 대조구에 비해 약 40% 감소한 비율이다. In this study, to determine the ligninase activity related to the PCBs degradation of Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010, the protein contents and manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase activities during cultivation on shallow stationary culture (SSC) medium were observed. 4 PCB congeners were selected depending on the number of chlorine substituted on biphenyl. Furthermore, to examine the effects of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, the inhibition of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was evaluated by measuring the biodegradation rate when inhibitor such as 1-aminobenzotriazole was added. The extracellular protein contents were affected by PCB congeners in culture media. The total protein in the culture medium showed the biggest differences between the samples containing 2,2`,4,4`,5,5`-hexachlorobiphenyl and the control. On the other hand, MnP and laccase activity showed dominant increases within samples containing 4,4`-dichlorobiphenyl and 2,3`,4`,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was inhibited by adding inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole in low concentration. Only 2.73% of 2,3`,4`,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl was degraed on day 1, and biodegradation of 2,2`,4,4`,5,5`-hexachlorobiphenyl was inhibited as well, showing about 20% of biodegradation rate.

[특별강연] 크라프트 펄핑 유래 리그닌의 고부가가치화를 위한 추출 정제 연구

문재관(Jaegwan Moon),곽기섭(Kiseob Gwak),이종훈(Jong Hoon Lee),박시한(Seehan Park) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2018 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

유연성 기판 기술 빛 특허 현황

한윤수,권영환,전찬욱,김재홍,곽기섭,오현식,박이순,Han, Yun-Su,Gwon, Yeong-Hwan,Jeon, Chan-Uk,Kim, Jae-Hong,Gwak, Gi-Seop,O, Hyeon-Sik,Park, Lee-Sun 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008 인포메이션 디스플레이 Vol.9 No.5

폴리염화비페닐류의 생분해 우수 백색부후균 선발 및 분해율 분석

홍창영 ( Chang Young Hong ),곽기섭 ( Ki Seob Gwak ),이수연 ( Su Yeon Lee ),김선홍 ( Seon Hong Kim ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2010 목재공학 Vol.38 No.6

본 연구에서는 다양한 목재부후균의 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 생분해 가능성을 구명하고자 7종의 백색부후굽을 이용하여 PCB 혼합물 중 가장 운해가 어렵다고 알려진 Arodor 1254와 1260올 대상으로 분해력 이 우수한 목재부후균을 선발하였다 그리고 선발된 목재부후균을 이용하여 GC 분석을 통해 Aroelor 1254 1260~끽 분해율을 조사하였다. 고체배지 저항성 테스트를 통해 우수분해 균주로 선발된 Cystidodontia isubellina 는 다른 균주에 비해 균사생장량의 억제가 가장 적었으며 상대적으로 생장속도도 빠른 특정을 나타냈다 선발된 C. isubellina에 의한 Aroclor 1254와 1260의 분해율 분석 결과. Aroelor 1254배양 13일째 57.57%로 가장 높은 분해율을 y.타냈다 Aroclor 1260 역시 배양일수가 증가함에 따라 분해율 역시 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 배양 13일째 49.43%로, 두 혼합물 모두 기존의 다른 연구에서보다 높은 분해율을 타냈다. In this study, the possibility of biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by various white rot fungi was evaluated, and outstanding white rot fungi for the degradation of PCBs were selected. Seven white rot fungi were used to degrade Aroclor 1254 and 1260, which are widely considered to be toxie and difficult to degrade. And the degradation rates of Aroclors by selected white rot fungi were performed by GC analysis. Through the resistance test of white rot fungi on different concentrations of PCBs, the inhibition of mycelial growth of Cysttdodontia isubellina was much less than that of others and this fungus grew faster than others, relatively. Based on this result, it was considered that C isubellina was selected as degrading fungus for Aroclors. As a result of biodegradation rate of Aroclors by Cystidodontia isubellina, the degradation rate of Aroclor 1254 was reached to 5757% in 13 days, which showed very high degradation rate. Also the degradation rate of Aroclor 1260 by C isubellina had a tendency of increasing along with increasing incubation day. Maximal degradation rate of Aroclor 1260 was 49.43% at 13 days. Based on this results, it indicated that in comparison with a previous study, high degradation rate was obtained by C isubellina.