Burden of Disease Due to Outdoor Air Pollution in Korea: Based on PM₁₀

김현진,윤석준,김형수,이건세,김은정,조민우,오인환,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Yoon, Seok-Jun,Kim, Hyeong-Su,Lee, Kun-Sei,Kim, Eun-Jung,Jo, Min-Woo,Oh, In-Hwan Korean Society of Environmental Health 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.5

Purpose: This study measured the burden of disease in Korea related to outdoor air pollution using disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Materials and Methods: As a risk factor of outdoor air pollution, particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 ${\mu}m$($PM_{10}$) was used. First, $PM_{10}$-related diseases and their relative risk (RR) were selected by means of a literature review. Second, population attributable fractions were computed by using formulae including RR and population exposure to $PM_{10}$. Third, DALYs of $PM_{10}$-related diseases in Korea were estimated. Finally, the attributable burden of disease due to $PM_{10}$ was measured as the sum of the products that multiplied the DALYs of $PM_{10}$-related diseases by their population attributable fractions. Results: The disease burden of PM10 was 6.9 DALY per 1,000 persons in 2007. The attributable burden of $PM_{10}$ was 2.68 for lung cancer, 2.41 for COPD, 0.62 for ischemic heart disease, 0.61 for pneumonia, 0.55 for asthma, and 0.03 for preterm. Conclusions: This study showed the environmental burden of disease of $PM_{10}$ and burden of $PM_{10}$-related disease through objective data. It also suggested that active efforts are needed to continuously measure and reduce the burden of environmental diseases in Korea.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae에서 Cycloinulooligosaccharide Fructanotransferase 유전자의 표층 발현

김현진,이재형,김현철,김연희,권현주,남수완,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Kim, Yeon-Hee,Kwon, Hyun-Ju,Nam, Soo-Wan 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Paenibacillus macerans 유래의 cycloinulooligosaccharide fructanotransferase (CFTase) 유전자(cft, 2832 bp, 103.8 kDa)를 효모 표층발현 vector인 pCTcon (GAL1 promoter)에 subcloning 하였다. 구축된 pCTECFTN (9.0 kb)를 숙주세포인 s. cerevisiae EBY100에 형질전환한 후, uracil이 결핍된 배지와 inulin 함유배지에서 선별하였다. cft 유전자는 GAL1 promoter에 의해 효모 형질전환체에서 성공적으로 발현되었다. inulin으로부터 cyclofructans (CFs)로 생산하는 효소적 능력으로부터 표층발현 유무를 확인하였다. YPDG배지에서 48시간 배양 후 분획한 균체는 5.52 unit/ l 의 활성을 보였다. CF 생산을 위한 효소의 최적 반응 조건으로 pH 8.0, 반응온도 $50^{\circ}C$, 기질농도 5%, 기질은 Jerusalem artichoke 등의 inulin과 표층 발현 CFTase 효소반응 결과, cycloinulohexaose (CF6), cycloinuloheptaose (CF7), 그리고 cycloinulooctaose (CF8)이 생성되었고, 이 중에서 CF6가 주 생성물이었다. The cycloinulooligosaccharide fructanotransferase (CFTase) gene (cft) from Paenibacillus macerans was subcloned into the surface display vector, pCTcon (GAL1 promoter). The constructed plasmid, pCTECFTN (9.0 kb) was introduced to S. cerevisiae EBY100 cell and then east transformants were selected on the synthetic defined medium lacking uracil and on the inulin containing medium. The surface display of CFTase was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy and its enzymatic ability to form cycloinulooligosaccharides(cyclofructans, CFs) from inulin. The total activity of the CFTase was reached about 5.52 unit/1 by cultivation of yeast transformant on YPDG medium. The optimized conditions determined were as follows; pH, 8.0; temperature, $50^{\circ}C$ ; substrate concentration, 5%; inulin source, Jerusalem artichoke. By the reaction with inulin, CFs consisting of cycloinulohexaose (CF6), cycloinuloheptaose (CF7), and cycloinulooctaose (CF8) were produced and CF6 was the major product.

감모후유증(感冒後遺症)으로 기허형(氣虛型)호흡기 질환을 호소하는 환자의 한약치료에 관한 임상연구

김현진,한효정,장정아,박은영,안태한,서호석,김진원,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Han, Hyo-Jung,Jang, Jeong-A,Park, Eun-Young,An, Tae-Han,Seo, Ho-Seok,Kim, Jin-Won 대한한의학방제학회 2010 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Objectives : In order to confirm a remedial effect and related influence of the clinic treatment by prescribing Samchuljojung-tang(蔘朮調中湯), Bojungikqi-tang(補中益氣湯) and Samso-um(蔘蘇飮) to patients who suffering from a chronic cough and rhinorrhea. Methods : 1. In a clinical observation and analysis method, we have selected the 23 patients who have visited National Oriental Medical Center, date from 2007.8.21 to 2008.7.31 and suffering from a chronic cough and rhinorrhea caused by the common cold sequelae. 2. Separated them into three types(I: cough type, II: rhinorrhea type, III: cough & rhinorrhea type). 3. Observed thoroughly the level of symptom and recorded it for each type with questionnaire survey at the beginning set 4. Prescribed Samchuljojung-tang, Bojungikqi-tang and Samso-um for type I, II, III respectively. 5. Observed the level of symptom and treatment afterwards affect, and recorded movements of intensity level for 3 types with same questionnaires. Results : 1. Type I : The survey turned out to be from 9 patients, initial level recorded 31.89 at the entry diagnosis, and next level that means changing of symptoms, recorded to 12.67 after prescribing herb medication. 2. Type II : From 11 patients, initial level was 32.82 and next level was 13.45. 3. Type III : From 3 patients, initial level was 37.67 and next one was 16.00. Conclusions : It is concluded that there is a significant remedial effect and related influence of the clinic treatment for each type of patients who suffering from a chronic cough and rhinorrhea caused by the common cold sequelae.

Plant Stress Response를 이용한 과채류의 Phytochemicals 함량 증가 기술

김현진,Kim, Hyun-Jin 한국식품연구원 2009 食品技術 Vol.22 No.4

독일 기록관리 담론에서의 평가론

김현진,Kim, Hyun-Jin 한국기록학회 2006 기록학연구 Vol.0 No.14

이 글은 독일 기록관리 이론의 역사를 평가론 중심으로 개괄한다. 18세기 이전 독일의 기록관리의 목표는 법률적, 정치적 지식을 조직하는 것이었다. 따라서 기록 소유자의 법률적 권리보전을 위해 특별히 중요한 증명서나, 정치적으로 중요한 문서들만 선별, 관리되었다. 19세기에, 구체제의 붕괴로 보호해야 할 특권이 없어지면서 기록관리의 목적은 연구기능을 지향하게 되었다. 다양한 기관에서 생산되어 집적된 기록들을 조직하기 위해 출처주의가 확립되었고, 학문적인 필요에 부합하는 내용지향적인 평가방식이 선호되었다. 1차 대전은 현대 기록학 이론 형성의 결정적인 계기가 된다. 전쟁수행 중 생산된 방대한 양의 기록을 처리해야 하는 당면 과제가 종전 이후의 민주화 분위기와 결합하여 출처 지향적 평가론이 형성된다. 기록의 가치는 생산기관의 업무와 활동을 증거하는 능력에 따라 평가되는 것이다. 나찌 시대를 지나 온 전후 독일의 반(反)관료제적인 분위기 속에서 출처 지향적 평가론 대신 내용지향적인 평가방식이 다시 등장한다. 봄스로 대표되는 이 이론은 20세기 후반 다큐멘테이션 전략 이론의 토대가 된다. In diesem Aufsatz wird die Geschichte der Bewertungsdiskussion in Deutschland vorgestellt. Bis zum 18. Jh. war das Ziel der Archivarbeit die Systematisierung der rechtlichen und politischen Kenntnissen. Der juristisch geschulte Archivar hob Unterlagen in der Regel aus $Gr{\ddot{u}}nden$ der Rechtssicherheit auf. Vernichtet wurde, was schon seit $l{\ddot{a}}ngerem$ im Archiv lag. Nach dem Zusammenfall des alten Regimes haben die Archivare keine mehr mit dem Recht des Herrschers zu tun. Und die Archive wurden zu $Lagerst{\ddot{a}}tten$ der Geschichte und Forschung. $F{\ddot{u}}r$ den Ordnung der Archivgut, die aus den verschiedener Dienststellen stammten, wurde das Provenienzprinzip gebildet. Die Archivare richtete sich auf das inhaltsorientierten Bewertungsverfahren, das die wissenschaftlichen $Bed{\ddot{u}}rfnisse$ befriedigte. Der Anlass der Bildung der modernen Archivtheorie war der ersten Weltkrieg. Das Problem, wie man die Massenakten, die $W{\ddot{a}}hrend$ dieses Krieges entstanden, behandeln sollten, $f{\ddot{u}}hrte$ unter dem $Einflu{\ss}$ der Demokratie zur Bildung der Provenienz-orientierte Bewertungsdiskussion. Aufbau, Zielsetzung und Verfahren der aktenbildenden Stelle bildeten den Ausgang der Bewertung. Im Klima ${\ddot{o}}ffentlicher$ $B{\ddot{u}}rokratieablehnung$ der 50er und 60er Jahren wurde die inhaltsorientierte Auswahl wieder die vorherrschende Methodenvorgabe. Diese Theorie, die Booms vertritt, $f{\ddot{u}}hrt$ zu der Theorie der dokumentation strategy von Ende 20. Jh.

녹내장 의증 환자의 감별에서 가변각막보정 주사레이저편광측정의 진단적 가치

김현진,최규룡,Hyun-Jin Kim,Kyu-Ryong Choi 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.12

Purpose: This study was designed to assess the diagnostic value of scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (GDx-VCC) in the diagnosis of preperimetric glaucoma. Methods: The study included 132 eyes of 132 patients with normal intraocular pressure, including 38 normal eyes, 60 eyes with pre-perimetric glaucoma, and 34 eyes with early glaucoma. The parameters of GDx-VCC were analyzed and compared in these groups using ANOVA. The parameter with the most powerful diagnostic value was defermirred by an ROC curve, and it`s sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: Among GDx-VCC parameters, NFI was the most valuable parameter that could detect pre-perimetric glaucoma in normal eyes. A cut-off value of 12 was the optimal NFI value, which offered the highest sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between normal and pre-perimetric glaucomatous eyes. However, there were no statistically significant differences in GDx-VCC parameters between pre-perimetric and early glaucomatous eyes. A statistically significant correlation was found between NFI and visual field indices in early glaucomatous eyes. Conclusions: GDx-VCC can be useful as a screening test for early detection of pre-perimetric and early glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure.

Ultrastructural Charateristics of a Human Sialolith

김현진,이수근,서봉직,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Lee, Soo-Guen,Suh, Bong-Jik The Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medi 1999 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.24 No.4

타석에 관한 연구는 타석증을 보이는 환자에 대한 임상적 특징, 진단 및 치료에서부터 타석의 성분 및 구조 등에 이르기까지 다양한 범위에 걸쳐 이루어지고 있다. 타석의 미세구조에 관한 연구는 타석의 미세구조가 다양한 형태인 것으로 보고되고 있으며, 특히 최근 타석증의 치료에 새롭게 소개되고 있는 체외충격파쇄석술은 타석의 구조에 따라 그 효과가 영향을 받을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이에 저자는 인간 타석의 미세구조에 관한 기본 자료가 필요할 것으로 사료되어 한국인 중년 여성으로부터 적출된 악하선 타석을 광학현미경 및 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 미세구조적 특징을 관찰한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 타석은 중심부의 핵, 핵 주변의 층상구조 및 외피막으로 이루어져 있었다. 2. 핵은 비정형의 중심과 상대적으로 균질의 외곽부위로 구성되어 있었다. 3. 핵 주변은 대부분 동심원적인 층상구조를 보였지만 일부분에서는 균질의 구조를 보였다. 4. 타석 단면의 전체직경과 중심부 핵의 직경은 각각 $3,500{\mu}m$와 $1,500{\mu}m$였고, 층상구조를 이루는 각 층의 두께는 위치에 따라 약 $10{\sim}40{\mu}m$ 이내였다.

고령자용 소규모 그룹홈의 생활환경 실태

김현진,안옥희,Kim, Hyun-Jin,An, Ok-Hee 한국주거학회 2008 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.19 No.3

To investigate the actual conditions on the living environment of group-homes for the elderly and their living environment, 4 group-homes were surveyed. As the results, conditions of location for the group-home of the elderly looked positive, on the other hand, safety for criminal prevention, accessability and convenient facilities were not on level satisfied. The average area of each space in the group-home indicated that the bed room was $11.21\;m^2$, the living room $28.13\;m^2$, the kitchen $23.59\;m^2$, and the bath room had an integrated type of bath room and toilet $7.63\;m^2$. The physical environments of each space in the group-home were investigated, In bed room, door, windows and illumination were relatively good but safety was extremely inferior. Living room mostly looked good except the doorsill which needs refurbishment. In kitchen, cooking table, windows, illumination, ventilator were somewhat satisfactory but gas-warning device should have been installed. In addition, in bath room and toilet, location, door, window, illumination and finished material were satisfactory. But the stepped difference between the bath room and other space, safety-bar, emergency bell and floor heating system were seriously deteriorated and must be improved for the safety of the elderly. Conclusively, living environment of group-home for the elderly is mainly satisfactory but it was necessary to take a consideration for their safety.

반성적 마이크로티칭과 비원어민 예비 영어 교사의 외국어 교수 불안감

김현진,Kim, Hyun-Jin 한국영어어문교육학회 2009 영어어문교육 Vol.15 No.4

The present data-driven study attempted to explicate nonnative English teacher trainees' foreign language teaching anxiety in microteaching settings from their perspectives. It is assumed that nonnative English teachers or teacher trainees may experience anxiety not only as foreign language learners but also as foreign language teachers. In order to inquire into their anxiety, the researcher had 172 teacher trainees perform extended microteaching tasks and reflect on their teaching and anxiety through group discussion. Based on the analysis of their discussion, three aspects related to nonnative English teacher trainees' anxiety were identified. First, teacher trainees identified three main types of anxiety-provoking situations: communicative-competence-threatening situations, unexpected situations, and instruction-hindering situations. Second, they identified three sources of anxiety: limited ability to use English, lack of English teaching skills, and fear of criticism. Third, they were aware that they used diverse strategies to lower anxiety before and while teaching for different purposes. From their identification and awareness of anxiety-provoking situations, sources of anxiety, and anxiety-lowering strategies, they could reflect on professional qualifications as a foreign language teacher.

가와사끼병에서 면역글로불린 조기치료의 안전성과 효과

김현진,염혜원,김혜순,손세정,Kim, Hyun Jin,Yom, Hae Won,Kim, Hae Soon,Sohn, Sejung 대한소아청소년과학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.46 No.10

Purpose : To determine the differences in clinical characteristics, blood chemistry and coronary artery complications between patients with Kawasaki disease who received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) within the fourth day of illness and after the fifth day of illness. Methods : A retrospective chart review was conducted of all children with Kawasaki disease who were admitted to Ewha Mokdong Hospital between January 2001 and June 2002. The early treatment group received IVIG within the fourth day of illness(n=34) and the control group received IVIG after the fifth day of illness(n=53). Clinical manifestations, fever duration, hospitalization days, CBC, blood chemistry and coronary artery complications were compared between two groups. Results : No demographic differences were noted between the two groups(P>0.05). Total duration of fever was significantly shorter in the early treatment group than the control group($4.8{\pm}2.5days$ vs $7.4{\pm}3.0days$, P<0.05), but there were no differences in fever duration after IVIG treatment and hospitalization days between two groups(P>0.05). No significant differences were noted in the level of hemoglobin, WBC, ESR, CRP, AST, ALT and albumin between two groups(P>0.05). No significant differences in the incidence of IVIG retreatment were noted between the two groups(11.8% vs 5.7%, P>0.05). No significant differences in the incidence of coronary artery complications were noted between the two groups(11.7% vs 18.9%, P>0.05). No significant differences in the recurrence rate were noted between the two groups(3% vs 2%, P>0.05). Conclusion : Early IVIG treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease reduces the total fever duration. Coronary artery complications were not increased in patients with early IVIG treatment. 목 적 : 가와사끼병 환아에서 면역글로불린을 조기 투여하였을 때 치료 실패의 빈도와 관상 동맥의 합병증이 증가하는 지를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월부터 2002년 6월 사이에 이화의대 목동병원 소아과에서 가와사끼병으로 치료받은 환아 87명의 입원 및 외래 기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 면역글로불린을 발열 4일 이전에 투여받은 환아를 조기투여군(34명), 발열 5일 이후에 투여 받은 환아를 대조군(53명)으로 하였다. 두 군간의 임상양상, 혈액 검사, 발열기간, 치료 및 관상 동맥 합병증을 비교 조사하였다. 결 과 : 1) 두 군간의 인구학적 특징의 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 2) 총 발열기간은 조기 투여군과 대조군이 각각 $4.8{\pm}2.5$일과 $7.4{\pm}3.0$일로 조기 투여군에서 유의하게 짧았다(P<0.05). 면역글로불린 투여 후 발열 기간과 입원기간은 두 군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 3) 혈색소, 백혈구수, 혈소판수, 혈침속도, CRP, AST, ALT, 알부민은 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 4) 면역글로불린 재투여 빈도는 조기 투여군과 대조군에서 각각 11.8%와 5.7%로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 5) 관상 동맥 합병증은 조기 투여군에서 11.7%와 대조군에서 18.9%로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 6) 가와사끼병의 재발은 각각 3%와 2%로 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 결 론 : 가와사끼병에서 면역글로불린 조기투여는 총 발열기간을 감소시키고, 면역글로불린 치료 실패율과 관상 동맥류 발생을 증가시키지 않았다.