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Efficacy of AdipoDren® in Reducing Interleukin-1-Induced Lymphatic Endothelial Hyperpermeability
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학교 신축 공사장 화재원인과 대책
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대규모 건물군의 사설지역방재센터
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Acceleration of microalgal biofilm formation on PET by surface engineering
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지방자치단체의 청년 정책개발 사례연구: 광주광역시 동구를 중심으로
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낙동강(洛東江) 중류수계(中流水系)의 수질조사(水質調査) 연구(硏究)$(1978{\sim}80$년(年))
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- 저자 : 김치환 ( Kim Chihwan ) (검색결과 8 건)
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대학생들의 긴장성 두통 유무에 따른 스마트폰 중독, 전방 머리 자세, 삶의 질, 두통 영향 및 두통 장애 지수 비교
김치환 ( Kim Chihwan ),이동건 ( Lee Donggeon ) 대한통합의학회 2020 대한통합의학회지 Vol.8 No.4
Purpose : VDT (visual display terminal syndrome) can affect individuals who monitor or who work or play using video screens, including those of smartphones. In general, headache symptoms from overuse of these screens can appear due to eye fatigue, muscle pain in the joints of wrists or fingers, and muscle pain in the neck or shoulders. Many studies in the literature have supported standards that seek to prevent these symptoms. The incidence of musculoskeletal diseases caused by the use of smartphones is expected to increase rapidly, particularly among children and young adults, and these diseases are expected to develop into a societal problem. Therefore, in this study we investigate whether tension headaches that develop from smartphone usage can affect forward neck posture, neck pain, and quality of life. Methods : A total of 93 students from University participated in this study. We divided participants into two groups, those with tension headaches (n = 25) and those without (n = 68) and took forward neck measurements. Headaches were classified according to criteria from the International Headache Society and involved bilateral headache position, quality of pressing or tightening pain, mild or moderate pain intensity, and none due to daily physical activity. We surveyed participants using the smartphone addiction diagnosis questionnaire, the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and the Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results : Although we found no significant differences in tension headaches due to smartphone addiction diagnosis (p = 0.25), SF-36 life quality assessment (p = 0.06), and cranio-vertebral angle (p = 0.07), we found significant differences from the HIT-6 and the NDI (p <.05). Conclusion : Tension headaches are not correlated with smartphone addiction, quality of life, and forward neck angle but do have a correlation with the degree of cervical dysfunction and the effects of the headaches.
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김치환(Kim chihwan) 한국퍼실리티매니지먼트학회 2005 한국퍼실리티매니지먼트학회지 Vol.5 No.1
This study is focused on the strategies of facility management and the application of facility management system to position human and physical resources in university campus. The strategy of facility management In university campus accommodates university accreditation criteria of Korean Council for University Education. Mid- and Long-Term Development Plan etc. under the goals and principles of university management. The application of facility management system to position human and physical resources will be useful supporting system of decision making concerned with campus facilities under the situation of domestic university.
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김치환(Chihwan Kim) 미국헌법학회 2015 美國憲法硏究 Vol.26 No.1
The concept of Sovereign Immunity of Anglo-American Law System is not new to Continental Law System countries like our country. Because we can see the Presidents ruling, even if rare, such as declaration of war or special pardon, which is very similar to the Sovereign Immunity of Anglo-American Law System. It, however, can be doubted that how useful the Anglo-American Sovereign Immunity would be to our country, since the Sovereign lies in the people not the King pursuant to our country. Furthermore, there are some arguments in United States that the Sovereign Immunity should be abrogated. There could be different opinions, but I can say that the concept of Sovereign Immunity is a root of American Law System in the process of American Law development. Considering its long survival, we can find the historical character as well as a legal one in it. Courts and scholars also used to explain Sovereign Immunity as a historical concept. Therefore, the concept of Sovereign Immunity is of paramount importance to understand Law System of United States. So, this study is trying to reach the real entity or contours of the Sovereign Immunity through analysing the cases and arguments of scholars which have discussed it. We can imagine easily that the scope of Sovereign Immunity should be broad as far as the Immunity is concerned with the whole development of American Law System. This study, first, divides the Sovereign Immunity into two. The one is Federal Sovereign Immunity and the other is State one. Naturally, common issues between the two are also discussed in this study. Because the essence that Sovereign cannot be sued without its consent is same between the two. And through the analysis on the various arguments on each Sovereign Immunity, this study tries to understand the present shape of the Sovereign Immunity. This study is considering eleventh amendment of the Constitution with respect to state Sovereign Immunity and looking through the Federal Tort Claims Act with respect to Federal Sovereign Immunity. Finally, it closes the study by making effort to see what the real shape of Sovereign immunity is. Theories on the Sovereign Immunity of United States have little in common with our system in historical or cultural point of view. At least, however, in legal point of view it would have something to suggest to us. The value of justice, equality and the issues for remedies are not the matters of Unites States only. This study, as a study on the foreign law, is a trial to apprehend Sovereign Immunity in American Law System, but if this study can be developed in more detail by someone later, this study would be able to contribute to the further studies on the comparative research between the legal systems of the two countries.
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PECVD를 이용한 DLC 두께 제어에 따른 간섭색 구현
박새봄,김광배,김호준,김치환,최현우,송오성,Park, Saebom,Kim, Kwangbae,Kim, Hojun,Kim, Chihwan,Choi, Hyun Woo,Song, Ohsung 한국재료학회 2021 한국재료학회지 Vol.31 No.7
Various surface colors are predicted and implemented using the interference color generated by controlling the thickness of nano-level diamond like carbon (DLC) thin film. Samples having thicknesses of up to 385 nm and various interference colors are prepared using a single crystal silicon (100) substrate with changing processing times at low temperature by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The thickness, surface roughness, color, phases, and anti-scratch performance under each condition are analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, colorimeter, micro-Raman device, and scratch tester. Coating with the same uniformity as the surface roughness of the substrate is possible over the entire experimental thickness range, and more than five different colors are implemented at this time. The color matched with the color predicted by the model, assuming only the reflection mode of the thin film. All the DLC thin films show constant D/G peak fraction without significant change, and have anti-scratch values of about 19 N. The results indicate the possibility that nano-level DLC thin films with various interference colors can be applied to exterior materials of actual mobile devices.
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