Package형 반응기에 미치는 온도의 영향에 관한 연구

김충곤 ( Kim Chung Gon ),임제현 ( Im Je Hyeon ),강선홍 ( Kang Seon Hong ) 한국물환경학회 2003 한국물환경학회지 Vol.19 No.5

This study was performed to examine Package Type Reactor whether it could be applied to field regardless of the temperature change. For this purpose the temperature of two packages [Run Ⅰ (ASBR-Struvite Tank-SBR), Ⅱ (Struvite Tank-ASBR-SBR) 1 was changed to 35℃→30℃→25℃ continuously to compare the removal efficiency of each Run. The removal efficiency of the organic materials of both Runs was proved to be stable regardless of the temperature change. T-N and T-P showed very high removal efficiency. T-N removal efficiency in Run I was 71.3%, 80.1%, and 71.2% in 35℃. 30℃, and 25℃ respectively, and in Run Ⅱ 74.246, 78.896, and 70.9%. T-P removal efficiency in Run Ⅰ was 79.5%, 83.1% and 84.1% in 35℃, 30℃, and 25℃ respectively, and in Run Ⅱ 85.5%, 85.8%, and 85.5%. The removal efficiency of COD in Struvite tank was very low regardless temperature change, but the removal efficiency of NH₄-N was higher. As a result of this study, each Run of Package Type Reactor was proved to have great removal efficiency in swine wastewater treatment, and to be a very good biological process in temperature change.

자연권수련시설의 스포츠체험환경과 교육적 효과성의 관계

김충곤(Chung Gon Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.52

The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for the ground of youth training education and the related study by analyzing the relationship between sports experience environment of traing facilities in nature area and education effectiveness and securing educational value ‘what should be’ of the sports experience ac-tivities there. The research method, a questionnaire is used to accomplish the purpose of this study. The mid-dle or high school students who lived in Gwangju and had sports experience in training facilities in nature area were a population and 916 students were chosen as the participants of this study through purposive sampling. In accordance with the subjects, statistical method fo SPSS 12.0 and Amos 4.01 were used; frequencies, correlation analysis, analysis of covariance structure etc. The conclusion based on the analyzed results of this study through above research method and discussion were as follows: First, there are casual relationship among sports experience environments and the degree od sport-activity internalization. Second, there are casual relationship among sports experience environments and the educa-tional effectiveness. Third, there are casual relationship among sports-activity internalization and educational effectiveness.

토요스포츠데이 참가가 자아탄력성, 자아정체성 및학교생활적응에 미치는 영향

김충곤(Chung Gon Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2014 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.57

This study focused on how participation in Saturday Sports Day affect ego resiliency, self identity and school life adaptation of the adolescent participants involved. The goal of this study is providing useful materials for the policy decision of authorities and schools. The question investigation method was used as the main focus of the study to accomplish the above mentioned goal and a total of 387 students from 10 middle and high schools were used in a purposive sampling method. The questionnaire was composed of 62 items and Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was .759-.899. The collected data used the SPSS 19.0 program and was analyzed with the Analysis of Frequency and the Analysis of Covariance. The results were as follows. Firstly, it showed that students who participated in the Saturday Sports Day established higher degree of ego resiliency when compared to students who did not participate in th level of p<.001. Secondly, it also proved that students who participated in the Saturday Sports Day positively accomplished higher level of self identity formation than the students who did not participate in the level of p<.001. Finally, the students who participated in the Saturday Sports Day tended to show higher signs of school life adaptation compared to that of those students who did not participate in the level of p<.001. Consequently, the research demonstrated that sports activities of Saturday Sports Day are very effective for students to accomplish higher level of self identity, and overcome difficulties and adjust themselves better than the students who did not participate in their school lives.

줄넘기운동 참여정도와 운동 만족도 및 신체적 자기개념의 관계

김충곤(Chung Gon Kim),이병규(Byung Gyu Lee),김현우(Hyun Woo Kim),양웅비(Woong Bi Yang) 한국체육교육학회 2013 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 초등학생을 대상으로 줄넘기운동 참여 정도와 줄넘기 운동만족도 및 신체적 자기개념 간의 인과 관계를 규명함으로써, 줄넘기운동이 초등학교 체육수업이나 방과후 프로그램 적용 가능성 및 줄넘기운동 권장에 대한 타당한 근거를 제시하는데 있다. 본 연구는 유의표 집(purposive sampling)을 이용하여 광주광역시 초등학교 4개교의 표본을 추출하여 총 733명을 연구 대상자로 선정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS16와 Amos16을 이용하여 상관분석, 중다회귀분석, 공변량 구조분석 등의 통계분석을 활용하였다. 이와 같은 과정을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 줄넘기운동의 참여 정도는 운 동 만족도에 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 운동 만족도는 신체적 자기개념에 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 줄넘기운동의 참여 정도는 ‘자기 존중 감’을 제외한 모든 요인에서 신체적 자기개념에 영향을 미친다. 넷째, 줄넘기 참여 정도와 운동 만족도, 신체적 자기개념 간에는 인과적 관계가 있다. The purpose of this study is to provide the reasonable evidence of the applicability of rope-skipping exercise in elementary school physical education class or after-school class, and rope-skipping exercise recommendation by analyzing the casual relationship among participation degree of rope-skipping exercise on elementary school students, exercise satisfaction and physical self-concept. The purposive sampling was used for this study. Four elementary schools in Gwangju are sampled and 733 students are chosen as participants. SPSS16 and Amos16 was used to analyze collected materials and statistical analysis such as correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and analysis of covariance structure were used. The conclusions based on the study were as follows: First, participation degree of skipping exercise had positive influence on exercise satisfaction. Second, exercise satisfaction had influence on physical self-concept. Third, participation degree of rope-skipping exercise had positive influence on physical self-concept in every factors except self-respect. Fourth, there is a casual relationship among participation degree of rope-skipping exercise, exercise satisfaction and physical self-concept.

스포츠광고의 스포츠스타 이미지가 청소년들의 스포츠 참여와 제품구매의도에 미치는 영향

오기철 ( Ki Cheol Oh ),김충곤 ( Chung Gon Kim ) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2014 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.19 No.4

이 연구는 스포츠광고의 스포츠스타 이미지가 청소년들의 스포츠 참여와 제품구매의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 유의할당표집법(purposive quota sampling)을 이용하여 중학교 2개교, 고등학교(인문계) 2개 교에서 표본을 추출하였으며, 총606명이 연구에 이용되었다. 조사도구는 스포츠스타 이미지 16문항, 스포츠 참여 15문항, 제품구매의도 6문항 총 37문항으로 구성된 설문지를 사용하였으며, 재구성된 설문지의 신뢰도는 Cronbach``? 계수가 .852~.927이었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 19.0과 Amos 7.0을 이용하여 t검증, 상관분석, 중다회귀분석 등을 활용하였다. 이와 같은 과정을 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 성별에 따른 스포츠광고의 스포츠스타 이미지는 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 남학생이 여학생에 비해 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 성별에 따른 스포츠 참여는 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 남학생이 여학생에 비해 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 성별에 따른 제품구매의도는 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 남학생이 여학생에 비하여 제품구매의도가 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 스포츠광고의 스포츠스타 이미지가 청소년들의 스포츠 참여에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째. 스포츠광고의 스포츠스타 이미지가 제품구매의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to investigate how sports star images from sports advertisements affect teenagers`` sports participation and their buying intention. The subjects of the study were sampled from 2 middle schools and 2 high schools using the Purposive Quota Sampling. A total of 606 students were surveyed. The questionnaire was composed of the overall 37 items including 16 questions about sports star images, 15 about sports participation and 6 about buying intention. The Cronbach‘s alpha coefficient for the revised questionnaire ranged from .759 to .899. The SPSS 19.0 and Amos 7.0 program were used in analyzing the collected data. In addition, T-test, Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were applied to examine the data. The results of this study were as follows: First, there were few differences between male and female students regarding sports star images from sports advertisements. The male students reacted more positively to the attraction of sports star than the female students. Second, there were meaningful differences between the genders regarding sports participation. The male students showed higher sports participation than the female students. Third, the significant differences in terms of gender were shown regarding buying intention. The male students were also more inclined to purchase sports products than the female students. Fourth, sports star images from sports advertisements influenced the teenagers`` sports participation. Finally, the data showed that sports star images from sports advertisements influenced the teenagers`` buying intention.

온라인 골프동호회에서의 자원교환과 균형화 전략

이병규(Lee, Byung-Gyu),김충곤(Kim, Choong-Gon),류충완(Ryu, Chung-Wan) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.4

This study aims to seek balancing strategy to solve the unequal power relations in the process of resource exchange among on-line golf club members by applying Emerson"s "exchange theory". Participants in the research were 12 C golf club members and after collecting data from them through in-depth interview and analyzing text, the following conclusions were obtained. First, resource exchanges within the club included the exchange of instrumental, emotional and material resources. Second, types of power relations were mainly one-way type between staffs and with power and members, advantage type of current members over new members based on resources from their involvement in club activities, and reciprocal type of relations between cooperators and clubs. Third, balancing strategy was the conformance to power, selection of alternative resources and extension of compensation value.

대학 ROTC학생의 스포츠활동 가치인식이 조직몰입 및 조직풍토에 미치는 영향

양웅비(Yang, Woung Bi),김현우(Kim, Hyun Woo),김충곤(Kim, Chung Gon),이병규(Lee, Byung Gyu) 한국체육교육학회 2014 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.19 No.1

이 연구는 학생군사교육단(Reserve Officers Trainning Corps) 학생들의 주기적인 학군단 내 스포츠 활동을 통하여 내재화된 스포츠 활동 가치인식이 조직몰입과 조직풍토에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 연구 대상은 G 지역과 C 지역 대학학생들을 모집단으로 설정하여 총 3개교를 무선표집 한 후 250명을 대상으로 설문하였다. 측정도구로는 설문지로, 스포츠 가치인식은 Snyder &Spreitzer(1983)가 개발한 설문지를, 조직몰입은 Mowday, Steers , Porter(1982)가 개발한 설문지를 조직풍토는 Hemphill(1956)이 개발한 설문지를 사용하였다. 결과분석은 SPSS 17.0 프로그램으로 상관분석과 중다 회귀분석으로 결과를 도출하였다. 연구의 결과는 첫째, 스포츠 활동 가치(심리적, 사회적, 생리적)는 조직몰입의 하위 요인인 자긍심, 사명감, 책임감에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 조직풍토의 하위 요인인 조직 효능성, 조직 분위기, 조직 친밀성, 조직의 통제성에도 유의한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 스포츠 활동을 통한 조직몰입은 조직풍토에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to provide the reasonable evidence of the This study of purpose is establish effected the ROTC students periodic sporting activities through the organizational commitment and organizational climate. This is an object of study and the C and G area"s university students and setting for a total 3 university, amount of 250 ROTC people surveyed. Data were analyzed by t-test, and multiple correlation analysis, the results were derived through multiple regression analysis. First, ROTC students sports activities as a mediator recognized of positive effect on organizational commitment and organizational climate and also sports activities, self-esteem is a subfactor in the organizational commitment, commitment, responsibility and influence, organizational climate characteristics of the sub-factors of organizational effectiveness, organizational atmosphere, organization, intimacy, affecting the control of the organization, respectively. Secondly, the organizational commitment of the organization through sports activities significantly affecting the climate, respectively.

적색육어류의 고도불포화지질의 이용에 관한 연구 1. 정어리${\cdot}$고등어의 부위별 지질함량 및 지방산 조성의 계절적 변화

이강호,이병호,정인학,서재수,정우진,김충곤,LEE Kang-Ho,LEE Byeong-Ho,JEONG In-Hak,SUH Jae-Soo,JUNG Woo-Jin,KIM Chung-Gon 한국수산과학회 1986 한국수산과학회지 Vol.19 No.5

As the first part of the studies on utilization of polyunsaturated lipids in red muscled fishes like sardine (Sardinops melanosticta) and mackerel (Scomber japonicus), lipid distribution in body sections, whole body, meat, viscera, skin, and head, lipids, polar and nonpolar, and fatty acid composition of the oils obtained from these body sections, and seasonal variations in fatty acid composition, particularly in the content of polyenoic acids, EPA and DHA, were determined, The content of total lipids was ranged $22.2\%\;to\;27.2\%$ in case of sardine without broad difference between body sections, while in case of mackerel $36.7\%\;to\;38.8\%$ unevenly in skin and head. The lipids of both fish were composed of more than $80\%$ of non-polar lipid and there was not much differences in the fatty acid composition between the lipids, polar and non-polar. The major fatty acids of the lipids were $C_{14:0},\;C_{16:0},\;C_{18:0},\;C_{16:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{20:1},\;C_{20:4},\;C_{20:5},\;and\;C_{22:6}$, and these acids, $C_{18:1},\;C_{16:0},\;C_{22:6},\;C_{18:0},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{14:0},\;C_{16:1}$, were in high quantity in order. Seasonal variation in fatty acid composition of sardine oil did not show any great variety between sections. There was a tendency in general that saturated and monoenoic acids began to decrease in winter and showed the minimum in April; hereafter get to increase again, while polyenoic acids showed the maximum in April. Both $C_{20:5}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ acids were high in the season of April to July. Variation in fatty acid content was in a width of $8\%$ for saturated, $5\%$ for monoenoic, and $12\%$ for polyenoic acid. $C_{20:5}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ acid were varied in $9.4\%\;and\;9.8\%$, respectively. In case of mackerel oil, seasonal variation tended same as in sardine oil except the fact that the saturated and monoenoic acid decreased to the minimum in the term of April to July in which the polyenoic acid content was also higher marking $27.3\%\;to\;36.1\%$ in average. Fatty acid variation was in a range of $6.3\%$ for saturated, $8.3\%$ for monoenoic, and $13.8\%$ for polyenoic acid but variation of $C_{20:5}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ acid was 4, $3\%$ and 3, $4\%$ respectively. When fresh sardine was stored for 10 days at $5^{\circ}C$, oxidation was rapidly initialed and consequently resulted in fast loss of $C_{20:5}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ acids. It is concluded from the results that the catch of sardine and mackerel in the season of April to June would be adequate for the preparation of polyunsaturated lipid condenced oil in regard to sectional lipid distribution and its variation in seasons.

건어육의 지질산화에 의한 갈변에 관한 연구 2. 인지질의 산화에 의한 갈변

이강호,서재수,이종호,류홍수,정우진,김충곤,LEE Kang-Ho,SUH Jae-Soo,LEE Jong-Ho,RYU Hong-Soo,JUNG Woo-Jin,KIM Chung-Gon 한국수산과학회 1987 한국수산과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The results of previous paper(Lee et al, 1987), indicated that the role of polyunsaturated carbonyls from the polar lipid seemed more important than those of the nonpolar lipid in the browning reaction. In this study, the role of phosphoipid in lipid oxidative browning reaction was investigated. In fatty acid composition of hair tail fish, neutral lipid and glycolipid contained the higher percent of saturated and monoenic acids while phospholipid contained more of polyenoic acids. When this fish was dried and stored, polyunsaturated fatty acids of phospholipid and glycolipid more rapidly decreased than that of neutral lipid. The browning was developed more rapidly in phospholipid than in glycolipid and neutral lipid. In the test of phospholipids, the phosphatidylcholine which fractionated by $CHCl_3-MeOH(1:1)$ solution was the largest in quantity, tut the phosphatidylethanolamine which fractionated by $CHCl_3-MeOH(4:1)$ was more active in the development of browning.

냉각해수저장법에 의한 정어리의 선도유지

이강호,조영제,김충곤 한국수산학회 1988 한국수산과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

정어리를 試料魚로 하여 氷藏法 및 -1℃ 冷却海水貯藏法으로 저장하면서 試料魚의 염도, K값, VBN, TMA, POV, TBA, 鹽溶性蛋白質量, Ca^(2+)-AT- Pase 活性 및 어묵의 物性變化 등을 비교 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. K값, VBN 및 TMA값을 통한 鮮度低下의 측면에서 살펴보았을 때 氷藏法보다 冷却海水貯藏法이 鮮度低下 抑制效果가 있음을 나타내었다. 2. POV 및 TBA값에 의한 脂質酸化 측면에서도 冷却海水貯藏法이 氷藏法보다 脂質酸化의 抑制效果가 있음을 나타내었다. 3. 鹽溶性蛋白質量 및 Ca^(2-)ATPase 活性을 측정한 蛋白質 안정성의 측면에서도 冷却海水貯藏法이 效果的이었다. 4. 菌의 增殖抑制도 冷却海水貯藏法에서 效果가 있다. 5. 어묵의 物性變化 즉 절곡시험 젤리강도, 보수력에서도 冷却海水貯藏法이 氷藏法보다 효과가 있었다. 이상과 같이 여러가지 指標를 사용하여 실험한 결과, 冷却海水貯藏法이 氷藏法보다 鮮度維持方法으로 우수함이 입증되었으므로, 현재 주로 사용되고 있는 氷藏法을 冷却海水貯藏法으로 대치한다면 鮮度低下 때문에 飼料로 이용되는 대부분의 정어리를 통조림 원료로 이용 가능하리라고 생각되므로, 정어리자원의 效率的인 이용면에서 국가적 차원에서 시급히 실용화 되어야 할 것으로 생각되며, 이에 대한 기초자료로 활용화되었으면 한다. The Present study has been carried out to investigate the effect of refrigerated seawater (RSW) at -1℃ in order to delay spoilage and extend the shelf-life in Sardine(Sardinops melanosticta). The result obtained are summarized as follows: In case of freshness, K-value was shown above 30% at 1 day of storage by icing, but in RSW system was shown 20% until 2 days by storage. VBN and TMA were also shown the similar tendency when compared to K-value. The lipids extracted from sardine muscle held in ice was oxidized much more than those in RSW system by way of chemical test such as TBA and POV. The myofibrillar protein extracted from sardine stored in RSW system was denaturized more slowly compared with those by ice. Ca^(2+)-ATPase activity indicated that myofibrillar protein held in RSW system was more stable than those held in ice. Total viable counts for sardine in RSW system showed an overall lower values. By TPA(Textural Porfile Analysis), sardine meat pastes held in RSW system have a higher value than those held in ice.