지적기준점 조사·관리의 효율화를 위한 IoT 기술 도입 연구

김창기 청주대학교 대학원 2016 국내박사

This Study established a methodology to automatically recognize and investigate the cadastral control point by utilizing beacon among the Internet of Things and developed an experiment system to evaluate the applicability of such methodology. In addition, by evaluating the technicality, economic feasibility, and effectiveness of the realized system by experimentally producing the actual beacon control point, this Study sought to propose the applicability in the investigation and management sector of cadastral control points in the future. The results of the Study are as follows. The Study examined the general contents of the cadastral control point and Internet of Things and reviewed the current status of the management of cadastral control points and the technical application of Internet of Things. The Study deducted the issues regarding systematic management over cadastral control points pursuant to the reviewed results and the necessity of introducing new technologies to resolve such problems. The introducing methodology for the IoT beacon technology was established based on necessity. Based on the established methodology, a cadastral control point investigation and experiment system was designed and realized. An experiment area was selected to evaluate the technicality, economic feasibility, and effectiveness of the control point investigation system that was realized for the experiment. The experiment areas were selected as the Multi functional Administrative City District of Sejong-si and Okgil District of Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do. A beacon control point was installed underground at the research areas for the experiment. A total of six were installed underground, three at the Okgil District of Bucheon-si and three at the Multifunctional Administrative City District of Sejong-si. The results of evaluating the technicality of the system showed that, in the evaluation over the signal strength pursuant to the restricting conditions per distance, the signal strength appeared to be strong with an average of 19.7dBm at a 3m distance for Okgil District at Bucheon, but relatively weaker with an average of 9.7dBm at a 5m distance. In the Multifunctional Administrative City District of Sejong-si, the signal strength appeared to be strong with an average of 22.7dBm in a 3m distance, but relatively weaker with an average of 14.3dBm at a 5m distance. The results of comparing with general beacon products showed the beacon produced for this Study to be generally more superior in terms of performance compared to general beacons. In the evaluation over economic feasibility, a benefit of KRW 2,975,964,000 appeared to be occurring every year. A net benefit of KRW 2.7 billion could be predicted for the year of 2045which is after 30 years, as a result of predicting based on 2015, thus, the current net value could be confirmed. In addition, the cost-benefit ratio and internal return ratio respectively appeared to be 1.068 and 7.08%, showing the validity of application. In the evaluation over the effectiveness, when investigating based on the cadastral control point by using the realized system, the preparing process did not appear to be necessary because the preparing and organizing process could be processed through computer at the field regarding the detailed processes of existing field investigations, and as a consequence, it appeared that the existing six processes could be reduced to four processes. Moreover, in terms of the number of people needed for the investigation, it appeared that one person was sufficient to handle the investigation based on the realized system, thus, it appeared that the manpower could be reduced to one person. The manpower required for the current cadastral control point investigation could be reduced and the time required for a field investigator to find a cadastral control point could be reduced when using the beacon technology, thus, the overall time for investigating a control point may be decreased. In addition, management on the cadastral control point may be converted to a computerized management system, which will make available the monitoring over management condition of the control points of the entire national territory by computer. Lastly, this Study suggested the possibility of cadastral control point investigations by using the beacon technology among Internet of Things over a total of six supplementary cadastral control points as an experiment. Thus, for the cadastral control point investigation method using the beacon system to be commercialized and utilized, future studies will have analyze a higher number of control points, and preparation of institutional specific improvement plans will be needed in the cadastral surveying fee issue or related laws and regulations. 본 연구에서는 사물인터넷 중 비콘 기술을 활용하여 지적기준점을 자동으로 인식‧조사할 수 있는 방법론을 정립하고 이의 적용 가능성을 평가해 보고자 실험 시스템을 개발하였다. 그리고 실제 비콘 기준점을 실험적으로 제작해 구현 시스템의 기술성, 경제성, 효과성 등을 평가하여 봄으로써 향후 지적기준점의 조사‧관리 분야에 적용 가능성을 제시해 보고자 하였다. 연구 성과는 다음과 같다. 사물인터넷과 지적기준점에 관한 일반적인 내용들을 고찰하고, 지적기준점 관리 및 사물인터넷 기술 적용 현황에 대해 검토하였다. 검토결과에 따른 지적기준점에 관한 체계적인 관리의 문제 그리고 이에 대한 개선을 위한 새로운 기술 도입의 필요성을 도출하였다. 필요성에 입각하여 IoT 비콘 기술의 도입 방법론을 정립하였다. 정립된 방법론에 기초해 지적기준점조사 실험시스템을 설계․구현하였다. 실험 구현 된 기준점조사시스템의 기술성, 경제성, 효과성을 평가해 보고자 실험지역을 선정하였다. 실험지역은 경기도 부천시 옥길지구와 세종시 행정중심복합도시 지구를 선정하였다. 실험을 위해 연구지역에 비콘기준점을 매설하였다. 매설은 부천시 옥길지구에 3점, 세종시 행정지구에 3점을 설치해 총 6점을 설치하였다. 시스템의 기술성을 평가한 결과 거리별 제약 조건에 따른 신호 강도 평가에 있어서는 부천시 옥길지구의 경우 3m에서 신호의 강도가 평균 19.7dBm으로 강하게 나타났고, 5m 떨어진 곳에서는 평균 9.7dBm으로 3m 보다는 약하게 나타났다. 세종시 행복지구는 3m에서 신호의 강도가 평균 22.7dBm으로 강하게 나타났고, 5m 떨어진 곳에서는 평균 14.3dBm으로 3m 보다는 약하게 나타났다. 그리고 일반 비콘 제품과 비교한 결과 연구에서 제작한 비콘이 대체적으로 일반 비콘 보다 우수한 성능을 보이는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 경제성의 평가에 있어서는 매년 2,975,964천원의 편익이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 30년이 지난 2045년도에는 2015년을 기준으로 예측한 결과 27억원의 순편익, 즉 순 현재가치를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 비용편익비율과 내부수익률이 각각 1.068과 7.08%로 적용의 타당성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 효과성의 평가에 있어는 구현 시스템을 이용해 지적기준점을 조사할 경우 기존 현지 조사 세부공정에서 현장 조사서 작성과 정리 부분은 전산으로 처리되기 때문에 수작업이 불필요하여 기존 6개의 공정을 4개의 공정으로 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조사 인력에 있어서도 구현 시스템에 의한 조사는 1인으로도 충분히 가능하기 때문에 인력을 1인으로 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 비콘 기술을 이용하여 지적기준점을 조사 한다면 현행 지적기준점조사에 소요되는 인력을 감소시킬 수 있고, 현장 조사자가 지적기준점을 찾는데 소요되는 시간을 줄일 수 있기 때문에 전반적인 기준점 조사 시간을 단축시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 지적기준점 관리 역시 전산화된 관리체계로의 전환이 가능하여 전 국토의 기준점 관리 상태를 전산 상으로 모니터링 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 끝으로 연구에서는 실험적으로 총 6점의 지적도근점을 대상으로 사물인터넷 비콘 기술을 이용한 지적기준점 조사의 가능성을 제시하였다. 따라서 비콘 시스템을 이용한 지적기준점 조사 방식이 실용화되어 활용되기 위해서는 향후 연구에서 좀 더 많은 수의 기준점들을 대상으로 한 분석이 필요하고 관련 법률이나 규정, 수수료 부분에 있어서도 제도적으로 구체적인 개선안의 마련이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

선교의 목적에 대한 연구

김창기 장로회신학대학교 2006 국내석사

오늘날 많은 선교 기관과 교회들이 선교 현장에서 사역하고 있다. 그러나 각 교회와 선교 기관들은 자신들이 추구하는 선교에 대한 관점과 교리 속에서 각기 복음전도 라는 이름으로 사회개혁이라는 이름으로 사역하고 있다. 이러한 현상은 양극화된 선교관과 선교의 목표에 기인한다. 선교의 목표에 대한 연구는 오늘날 교회와 선교 기관들의 선교를 점검해 보고 방향을 재점검해 보는데 중요한 관점들을 제공한다 선교 사역은 성경의 관점과 교회의 과거 역사와 급변하는 세상의 상황에 대한 교회의 반응이요 세상을 향한 행위이기에 선교의 목표에 대한 논의는 지속적으로 이루어 져야 한다. 본 논의의 주제는 선교의 목표에 대한 성경의 관점을 찾아 분류하고, 이 선교에 대한 목표들이 그 시대와 교회의 역사 속에서 어떤 모양으로 해석되었으며 실천되었는지를 확인하고, 오늘 이 시대에 필요한 선교의 목표를 논하는 것이다.

서킷트레이닝과 축구운동이 고등학교 남학생의 체조성과 체력에 미치는 효과 분석

김창기 경성대학교 교육대학원 2001 국내석사

The purpose of this study were to analyze the effects of circuit training and soccer exercise on the change of body composition and physical fitness and to offer the basic scientific informations of the training effects on body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, speed, power, flexbility and cardiopulmonary endurance, before and after the 12-week training by group. The subjects recruited for the study were two groups composed with 20 students in each group, a circuit training group and a soccer exercise group which worked out according to the training programs for 12 weeks. The measurements were conducted for investigating the differences of training effects and evaluating the correlation on the differences of training effects in body composition and physical fitness factors between circuit training group and soccer exercise group. The statistical techniques utilized in this study were; t-test, paired t-test and pearson's correlation coefficient. The .05 level was initially established in significance. The findings of this study were as follows; 1. The change of body composition There were not significant effects in all factors in the circuit group and body weight, % body fat and body fat were significant increased, and lean body mass and body density were decreased, but BMI was not significantly changed in the soccer group before and after training. 2. The change of physical fitness All factors including grip strength, sit-ups, push-ups, 50m dash, standing long jump, sitting trunk flexion, and 1,000m run were significantly improved in the circuit group, and grip strength, and 50m dash were improved, but sit-ups, push-ups, standing long jump, sitting trunk flexion, and 1,000m run were not significantly improved in the soccer group before and after training. 3. The differences on the change of body composition There were no significant differences on the change of body weight, % fat, body fat, lean body mass, body density and BMI before and after training between two groups. 4. The differences on the change of physical fitness There were significant differences in sit-ups, push-ups and standing long jump before training, but no differences in all factors after training between two groups. 5. The correlation between body composition and physical fitness There were high correlation between body weight, % fat, body fat lean body mass, body density, BMI, grip strength and many other factors in circuit group, and between body weight, % fat, body fat, lean body mass, body density, BMI, push-ups, standing long jump and 1,000m run many other factors in soccer group. It is concluded that there were significant improvement on the change of physical fitness, particularly muscular strength and cardiopulmonary endurance, buy no desirable effects on the change of body composition in circuit group, and there were significant improvement in muscular strength and speed, but no significant effects in muscular endurance, power, flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance and body composition components in soccer group. Additional studies confirming the results of this study are needed Specific recommendations for future research are as follows ; 1. It is necessary to develop specific circuit training and soccer exercise programs for improving the composite competitive performance. 2. In order to increase the effects on body composition following circuit training and soccer exercise, the training programs should be increased the intensity and duration of each exercise and needed the well-balanced diet habit.

鷄膵臟의 란겔한스 島嶼에 關한 硏究

김창기 서울大學校 大學院 1963 국내석사

7-Hydroxyindan-1-one의 합성법 개발

김창기 漢陽大學校 大學院 2004 국내석사

Molecular characteristics of second-line drug resistance in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

김창기 연세대학교 대학원 2011 국내박사

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that usually attacks the respiratory system. Almost 10 million people worldwide contract TB each year. In Korea, TB incidence is 97 cases per 100,000 populations, which is highest among the member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Although there have been many efforts and resources contributed to control TB worldwide, an increase in drug-resistant TB cases is one of the major obstacles. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is defined as TB that is resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin, which are the most important first-line drugs for TB. It takes approximately two years to cure MDR-TB with second-line drugs. Moreover, some MDR-TB cases are resistant to second-line drugs, which are called extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). It is extremely difficult to select drugs to treat XDR-TB; thus, treatment outcomes are poor. For successful control of drug-resistant TB, assessment of drug resistance rates and rapid and accurate drug susceptibility testing (DST) are necessary. Since conventional DST has many drawbacks, molecular DST has been introduced for detecting MDR-TB. However, there is little evidence of feasibility for molecular DST to detect XDR-TB. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze drug resistance in Korea and to evaluate rapid molecular detection of second-line drug resistance. DST results in 2009 were collected and divided into six groups: smear-negative new cases of health centers (HCs), smear-positive new cases of HCs, previously treated cases of HCs, health examination, referred cases from hospitals, and patients of the Korean National TB Association clinics. Also, we collected MDR-TB isolates whose mutations in seven loci associated with second-line drug resistance were identified and compared with conventional DST results. The resistance rate to isoniazid was highest, and the MDR rate of smear-positive new cases was 3.5%. XDR-TB accounted for 1% of the total cases and 12% of the MDR-TB cases. Resistance rates in MDR-TB varied greatly based on the drug and group. First-line drugs other than isoniazid and rifampicin showed very high resistance rates, with injectable agents demonstrating the lowest resistance rates among the drugs tested. The rates of resistance to fluoroquinolones were 2-4-fold higher in the private sector than in the public sector. Mutations in rpsL, 16S rRNA gene, and gyrA and gyrB were common in TB isolates with resistance to streptomycin, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones, respectively. On the other hand, mutations in eis and gidB were not only present in resistant isolates, but also in susceptible isolates. This study demonstrates an increasing trend in MDR-TB rate among new cases of Korea. Also, we found that the proportion of XDR in MDR-TB cases was lower than the previously reported rate of 15%. A higher resistance rate of fluoroquinolones in the private sector underlines cautious use of these drugs and need for improvement in the treatment success rate for MDR-TB cases. Detecting major mutations which confer resistance to second-line drugs would be a reliable and specific method of identifying these strains. In summary, these results will be useful in helping to establish a treatment strategy for MDR-TB, and the data suggest that molecular DST can be used as a surrogate for conventional DST.

니켈기 초내열합금(GTD-111)의 고온 용융염 부식에 미치는 시험 조건의 영향

김창기 조선대학교 2015 국내석사

Hot corrosion resistance of Ni-based superalloy GTD-111 was investigated as a function of experimental parameters including salt deposition method, cycle duration, and cleaning process in tests. Saturated solution of 75 wt.% Na2SO4 + 25 wt.% NaCl was deposited on the alloys. The samples were repetitively heated up to 700 ℃ for 2 ~ 15 h and cooled down. Weight change by hot corrosion was measured after cleaning in a boiling water and a ultrasonic agitator. The corrosion rate was evaluated from the weight loss of the samples and the structure and composition of corrosion products were analyzed by XRD and EPMA. The corrosion rate of GTD-111 was increased with or increase of the amount of deposited salt, heating duration, or frequency of cleaning.

準住宅 공급정책 개선방향에 관한 연구

김창기 상명대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 소형주택 수요에 대응한 공급정책에 대한 문제점을 고찰하여, 준주거주택을 포함한 주택공급활성화에 대한 정책적 제언을 하고자 한다. 정책집행 과정 상 발생 가능한 오류 및 개선방안을 도출하여 서민생활안정에 필요한 도시주거 인프라의 확충과 1인 가구에 대한 주거공간 공급 활성화에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구의 범위는 주택공급정책과 최근 수요가 늘어나고 있는 1인가구의 공급정책으로 한정했다. 1인가구와 관련해서 도시형생활주택 유형인 단지형 도시형생활주택, 원룸형도시형생활주택, 기숙사형도시형생활주택 및 유사유형인 원룸형다가구, 고시원, 기숙사, 오피스텔, 서비스레지던스 등을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 또한, 도시형 생활주택의 법령 내에서 도시형생활주택 도입과 관련된 정책개선방안을 연구하였다. 본 논문의 구성은 다음과 같다. 제 1장은 서론부분으로서 연구의 목적, 연구의 범위 및 방법에 대해 서술하였다. 제 2장에서는 이론적 배경부분으로 현 정부의 주택정책과 관련법의 변화를 살펴보았다. 제 3장에서는 1인가구의 개념 및 유형을 국내외에 걸쳐 살펴보았다. 1인가구가 필요로 하는 주택의 수요 변화 및 1인가구 공급실태를 조사하였다. 4장에서는 주택공급정책의 문제점과 그에 대한 합리적 정책 대응방안을 총량적 부분과 1인가구 부분으로 나누어 기술하였다. 제 5장은 결론부분으로 앞부분의 논의 내용을 요약함으로써 결론을 맺었다. 본 연구의 결과가 1인가구에 대한 정책 방향을 설정하는데 기초 자료로 활용되길 기대한다.

Integration of 4-Way Wilkinson Power Divider for Multi-Band Applications : Integration of 4-Way Wilkinson Power Divider for Multi-Band Applications

김창기 광운대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

Integrated passive devices (IPDs) have attracted much attention in recent years, primarily due to the needs of handheld wireless devices to further decrease in cost and size and increase in functionality. In today’s mobile phone application, more functionality and integration are expected in the front end RF sections, which include Transceiver Module, PA Module, Power management, and others. An Integrated Passive Device (IPD) technology has been established based on low cost mechanical grade InGap/GaAs substrates. Two deviders, one is MIC divider and the other is MMIC divider are designed and made layout using GaAs IPD process and confirmed the possibility of integration. MIC divider and MMIC divider were designed with broadband multi-band system. In the case of circuit with microstrip lines, MMIC dividers showed excellent characteristics with reduction of size as compared to MIC divider. However, the lengths of microstrip lines are so long to maintain the same results. So, in order to reduce its size, all microstrip lines are changed in to RLC components. As a result of simple equivalent circuit, the loss is greater than the result of microstrip line-circuit simulation and the results are not good. But it is reduced in size as compared to MIC divider and if the process possesses good condition and variety values of design library, MMIC divider will have better characteristics as compared to MIC divider.

配合要因이 高性能 콘크리트의 特性에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究

김창기 청주대학교 산업대학원 1995 국내석사

The concrete with excellent folwability, self-placeability and segregation-resistibility at fresh state and high strength and durability at hardened state is called high-performance concrete. But, fundamental study for these kinds of concrete is not enough in our country. Therefore, this study is designed for analyzing the properties of high-performance concrete with the parameters of water contents. S/A ratio(sand/aggregate ratio). and coment replacement method of pozzolanic admixtrue. From experimental results, to the fresh concrete : when the mixing of high performance concrete is W/B 25∼35%, water contents was good to 177∼183kg/㎥. And S/A showed good to 44∼47%. To the replacing change of fly ash and silica fume. the flowability is good when the replacing rate of fly ash increases. The placeability is best in the ratio of 15 to 5 : F.A : S.F and the segregation-resistibility is appeared good when the replacing ratio of silica fume increases. To the hardened concrete ; it's kinown that the compressive strength has little relation to the influence of water contents and S/A. And the compressive is high when the replacing ratio of silica fume increases. It was discovered that tensile strength is about 1/11.5. compared with compressive strength and is 1/5.5. compared with flexural strength. It is found that the difference between standard tamping and nontamping of compressive strength is little. In the case of drying shrinkage, it shows high values when the water contents and the S/A is large, and the replacing ratio of silica fume increases.