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전처리조건이 홍화씨 추출물의 유효성분 함량에 미치는 영향
김준한(Jun-Han Kim),박준홍(Jun-Hong Park),김종국(Jong-Kuk Kim),이진만(Jin-Man Lee),문광덕(Kwang-Deog Moon) 한국식품영양과학회 2002 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.31 No.3
홍화씨의 식품재료적 가치를 높이는 기초적 연구의 일환으로 추출용매와 볶음조건의 확립 및 유효성분 등을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 전처리조건에 따른 홍화씨 추출물의 고형분 함량은 60% ethanol 농도, 190℃에서 20분간 볶음 처리구 및 amyloglucosidase 처리구에서 매우 높은 함량의 고형분이 추출되었다. 총페놀 함량은 ethanol의 농도가 증가함에 따라 큰 증가를 보였고 ethanol 농도 80%, 170℃, 30분과 210℃, 30분처리구 및 amyloglucosidase 처리구와 celluase 처리구에서 매우 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 총flavonoid 함량은 80% ethanol 처리구, 210℃, 30분과 210℃, 20분 처리구 및 amyloglucosidase와 cellulase 처리구에서 매우 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 유리당 조성은 sucrose가 주요 당이었고 xylose와 arabinose가 미량으로 확인되었으며, 주요 유기산으로는 citric, oxalic, malic 및 fumaric acid가 확인되었고, 60% ethanol처리구에서 대체적으로 많은 양의 유기산을 함유하고 있었다. 항산화 효과를 가지고 있는 serotonin유도체인 serotonin(N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]ferulamide)과 serotonin Ⅱ(N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3yl)ethyl]-p-coumaramide)의 함량은 ethanol의 농도가 증가함에 따라 높은 증가를 나타내었고, 특히 60% ethanol 용액에서 매우 높은함량을 보였다. Acacetin의 함량은 볶음 온도와 시간의 증가에 따라 대체로 큰 폭으로 증가하였고 210℃, 30분 처리구에서 69.47mg%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. In order to utilize safflower seed effectively as a food material, it was processed at the conditions including roasting temperature/time of 170℃/10 min to 210℃/30 min, ethanol concentration of 0 to 100% (V/V) and enzyme hydrolysis with α-amylase, β-amylase, amyloglucosidase and cellulase. Safflower seed extracts had the highest soluble solid content at the condition of 60% ethanol concentration, roasting at 190℃ for 20 min and hydrolysis with amyloglucosidase. Total phenolic compounds increased with the ethanol concentration, showing the highest at the condition of 80% ethanol, roasting at 170℃ for 30 min and hydrolysis with amyloglucosidase. High level total flavonoid was observed at the condition of 80% ethanol, roasting at 210℃ for 30 min and hydrolysis with amyloglucosidase. Safflower seed had sucrose as major free sugar as well as xylose and arabinose as minor free sugars. Organic acids in safflower seed included oxalic, citric, malic and fumaric acid. Serotonin I (N-[2-(5- hydroxy-1H-indo-l-3-yl)ethyl]ferulamide) and serotoninⅡ(N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3yl)ethyl]-p-coumaramide) as antioxidant compounds increased with ethanol concentration, showing the highest level at 60% ethanol. Acacetin content increased with temperature and roasting time, with a maximum of 69.47 mg% at 210℃ for 30 min.
계육에서 분리한 Listeria species 와 Staphylococcus aureus의 항생제 내성패턴
허진,김준만,권남훈,박건택,임지연,정우경,홍순근,박용호,Hur, Jin,Kim, Jun Man,Kwon, Nam Hoon,Park, Kun Taek,Lim, Ji Youn,Jung, Woo Kyoung,Hong, Soon Keun,Park, Yong Ho 대한수의학회 2004 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.44 No.2
This study was carried out to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 17 (14.8%) L. monocytogenes, 13 (11.3%) L. innocua, 7 (7%) L. welshimeri, and 83 (72.2%) S. aureus were isolated from commercial poultry carcasses in Seoul and Kyonggi province during the period between 2001 and 2003. Antibiotic susceptibility test of all Listeria strains isolated was performed by the disk agar diffusion method. Antibiotics used in the study were as follows; Amikacin (An), Ampicillin (Am), Cephalothin (Cf), Chloramphenicol (C), Ciprofloxacin (Cip), Erythromycin (E), Gentamicin (Gm), Imipenem (Ipm), Kanamycin (K), Minocycline (Mi), Neomycin (N), Norfloxacin (Nor), Ofloxacin (Ofx), Penicillin (P), Streptomycin (S), Tetracycline (Te), Tobramycin (Nn), Trimethoprim (Tmp), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazloe (Sxt), and Vancomycin (Va). The antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus isolates was performed by the disk agar diffusion method. For the latter program, antibiotics used to the study were as follows; Cf, C, Cip, Clindamycin (Cc), E, Gm, Ipm, Nafcillin (Nf), Oxacillin (Ox), P, Te, Sxt, and Va. Of the 17 L. monocytogenes isolates, 94.1% were resistant to Te, 88.2% to Mi, 11.8% to Nor, 11.8% to S, 5.9% to Cip, and 5.9% to C. Of 13 L. innocua, 53.8% were resistant to Te, 23.1% to Mi, 23.1% to S, 7.7% to Cip, and 7.7% to Nor. Of 7 L. welshimeri, 57.1% were resistant to Te, and 14.3% to Am. Of 83 S. aureus, 100% were resistant to Te, 86.7% to Gm, 34.9% to P, 15.7% to Cip, 12% to Cc, 9.6% to E. The multiple antibiotic resistance patterns of L. monocytogenes isolates were observed in Te Mi Cip (5.9%), Te Mi Nor (5.9%), Te Mi (76.5%), and Te Nor (5.9%). Multiple antibiotic resistance was also found in L. innocua isolates. Resistant to Te Mi S Cip Nor was 7.7%, Te Mi S (7.7%), Te Mi (7.7%), and was 7.7% to Te S. Antibiotic resistance patterns for S. aureus isolats were demonstrated to Te Gm P Cip Cc E (6.0%), Te Gm Cip Cc E (3.6%), Te Gm P Cc (1.2%), Te Gm P (15.6%), Te Gm Cip (2.4%), Te P Cip (2.4%), Te Gm Cc (1.2%), Te Gm (56.6%), Te P (9.6%), and to Te Cip (1.2%). The results of this study suggest a high incidence of Lsteria spp. and S. aureus on poultry carcasses. The contaminated poultry carcasses may be a potential vehicle for foodborne infections due to multiple antimicrobial resistant organisms.