첨단기술개발의 재정지원방안

김원순,Kim, Won-Sun 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1988 과학과 기술 Vol.21 No.3

[隨筆] 수필의 디바

김원순 한국지역사회연구소 2018 지역사회 Vol.78 No.-

마이너스 금리에 대한 법적 검토

김원순 은행법학회 2020 은행법연구 Vol.13 No.2

본 논문은 마이너스 금리 현상의 법적 규율 문제와 관련하여 마이너스 금리를 기존 법체계에 어떻게 포섭하고 마이너스 금리의 법적 성질은 무엇으로 보아야 할지 검토해보고 마이너스 금리 현상에 따라 발생할 수 있는 다양한 법적 문제에 대해 검토하고자 한다. 일반적으로 법률상 이자란 금전 기타 대체물의 사용대가로서 원본액과 사용기간에 비례하여 지급되는 금전 기타의 대체물로 정의되어 왔다. 그런데 이러한 기존의 법률상 이자 개념은 이자가 원본의 사용대가로서의 성질을 가지지 않는 상황에서는 적합하지 않은 면이 있다. 이자는 i) 원본의 사용대가로서의 성질을 가지는 경우 외에도 ii) 화폐의 가치변동에 따른 금전의 실질가치 변동을 고려한 급부로서의 성질을 가지는 경우(동질, 동종, 동량의 물건 반환으로서의 성질을 갖는 경우)도 있을 수 있다는 점을 고려하여 법률상 이자의 개념을 수정하고 이자의 성질에 따라 법적으로 달리 규율할 필요가 있다. 금리가 계약의 주요 요소인 계약유형으로는 대출계약, 예금계약, 채권계약 등이 있다. 기존의 주류적인 견해는 변동금리부 대출약정에서 명시적인 약정이 없는 경우에도 차주가 대주에게 이자를 지급하는 것을 전제로 하는 것이 타당하다고 보지만, 이와 같은 대출약정상 이자지급의무와 관련된 보충적인 해석은 좀더 신중하게 접근할 필요가 있다. 가정적 의사를 함부로 추단하여 당사자가 의욕하지 아니하는 법률효과를 계약의 이름으로 불합리하게 강요해서는 아니 된다. 개별적인 사안마다 계약의 목적과 내용, 거래관계, 거래관행, 계약이 체결된 당시 사회적·경제적 상황(시중 금리, 마이너스 금리에 대한 사회적 인식 등), 거래당사자의 특성(전문성), 적용법규, 신의칙 등에 비추어 객관적으로 추인되는 정당한 이익조정 의사를 면밀하게 살펴보아야 할 것이다. 개별사안에 따라 이러한 당사자의 가정적 의사가 인정되지 않을 경우에는, 계약일부무효 법리나 사정변경의 원칙을 적용하는 것도 가능할 것이다. 대출약정상 마이너스 금리의 취급과 관련하여 아직까지 국내 판례는 없었던 것으로 보인다. 외국에서는 대출약정상 마이너스 금리의 취급 관련 판례와 학계 논의가 일부 있다. 스위스 대법원은 계약 당사자 간에 달리 정하지 않는 한, 대출약정상 이자지급의무는 대주에게 부과될 수 없다고 판시했고, 영국 고등법원도 대주의 차주에 대한 마이너스 금리 지급의무를 부정했다. 이와 달리 네덜란드 금융분쟁조정기구는 대주의 차주에 대한 마이너스 금리 지급의무를 인정했다. 빈발하게 이루어지는 국제금융거래와 관련하여 각국 법원이나 유권해석기관의 판단이 각기 달라 국제금융계약 해석 관련 불안정성이 존재하는 상황에서 국내에서도 대출약정 해석을 둘러싼 분쟁상황이 발생하기 전에 법률 개정, 가이드라인 제정 등을 통해 마이너스금리의 법적 취급에 대한 예측 가능성을 높이고 불확실성을 해소할 필요가 있다. 계약 자유의 원칙에 따라 대출계약, 예금계약 등에서 마이너스 이자율을 적용하여 일정 금액을 지급하도록 정하는 것은 가능하다. 당사자 간 합의에 따라 마이너스금리를 지급하기로 정한 대출계약이나 예금계약의 경우에는 비전형계약 또는 무명계약에 해당할 것으로 보인다. 다만 이 때의이자는 원본의 사용대가로서의 전통적인 이자 개념에 부합하지는 않으며, 화폐의 실질가치 변동에 따른 ... With respect to the negative interest rate phenomenon, this paper examines how to incorporate negative interest rates into the existing legal system, what the legal nature of negative interest rates should be, and examines various legal problems that may arise under the negative interest rate phenomenon. In general, interest has been defined as money or other substitutes paid in proportion to the original amount and the period of use as consideration for the use of money or other substitutes in the Korean law. However, since the existing concept of interest in law is not suitable for interest that does not have the property as a consideration for the use of the original, I suggest that it is necessary to modify the legal concept of interest and classify legal interest into two subgroups: i) the case when it has properties as a consideration for the use of the original and ii) the case when it has the property as an adjustment payment in consideraton of fluctuations in the real value of the original due to changes in the real value of money. It is the existing mainstream opinion that it is reasonable to accept the basic premise that the borrower pays interest to the lender, but not vice versa, even if there is no explicit provision in the floating rate loan agreement, but such supplementary interpretation needs to be applied more carefully. When there is no explicit provision or agreement, a legitimate intention should be examined in the light of the purpose of the contract, transaction practices and customs, social and economic conditions at the time when the contract was signed, and characteristics or properties of contracting parties(i.e. whether they are experts or not), applicable laws, interpretations related to interest payment obligations under the loan agreement should be carefully approached. It is also possible to set the lender to pay a certain amount to the borrower by applying a negative interest rate according to the principle of freedom of contracts. In the case of a loan agreement that is set to pay a negative interest rate by agreement between the parties, it is likely to be an atypical contract or an anonymous contract, which contract is not covered by or regulated under the Civil Act of Korea. Interest at this case does not conform to the traditional concept of interest as a consideration for the use of the original, and rather it has the nature of compensation for damages or storage fees or fees due to changes in the value of money. In a typical transaction contract, standardized financial contract format widely used internationally, the contents of negative interest rates has already been included through revisions. There are three contractual rules regarding negative interest rates: “Negative Interest Rate Method” in the 2006 ISDA Glossary, Negative Interest Rate Protocol in May 2014, and “Zero Limit Interest Rate Provision” in LMA Loan Contracts. There seems to be no domestic court rulings regarding negative interest rates under the loan agreement in the Republic of Korea. However, in other countries, there already exist some court rulings and academic discussions related to handling of negative interest rates under loan agreements. The Swiss Supreme Court ruled that interest payment obligations under loan agreements cannot be imposed on lenders unless otherwise stipulated between the contracting parties. The British High Court also denied lenders’ obligation to pay negative interest rates to borrowers. In contrast, the Dutch Financial Dispute Mediation Organization recognized lenders’ obligation to pay negative interest rates to borrowers. It is necessary to increase the predictability of legal handling of negative interest rates and resolve uncertainties through the enactment of guidelines or amendment of the laws. Meanwhile, the central bank including Bank of Korea is considering the issuance of central bank digital currency (CBDC), and the implementation of negative interest rates...

한국 간호사 스트레스 중재 프로그램 동향

김원순,오수미,Kim, Won-Soon,Oh, Su-Mi 한국임상보건과학회 2017 한국임상보건과학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends of the stress intervention program for domestic nurses. Methods. This study was conducted by analyzing 28 papers, which were selected from three hundred seventeen dissertation theses on Domestic Dissertations and Major Associated Journals on Nursing Stress Intervention by searching the Academic Research Information Service(http://riss4u.net) from 1995 to February 2017. Results. 1. The theses were analyzed by academic field, year, research subject, research program type, research topic, analysis of intervention study method and result variables. 2. The study showed that 15(82.14%) theses are masters', 8(28.57) theses are doctors' and 5(17) are journals. By nurses position, 26(92.86%) theses were about general nurses. By hospital, 21(75.00%) theses were about nurses working at the general hopitals whose wards were more than 300. 3. For research type, 7 theses were about aromatherapy(25.00). For the research subjects, 16 theses were about psychological variables. The study showed that the subjects were $22.62{\pm}7.62$ persons and mean intervention period was $3.8{\pm}2.61$ weeks. For experimental methods, 19 cases (67.86%) were non-equalty control group, which are most. Conclusions. In conclusion, research on nurses stress mediation has been steadily increasing. However, the studies on nurses stress intervention need to be diversified and activated because the intervention methods and types are fragmentary and the research fileds are concentrated on theses.

한국 아동 미술치료중재 프로그램 연구 동향

김원순,Kim, Won-Soon 한국임상보건과학회 2017 한국임상보건과학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Purpose. This study was designed to analyze recent trends in Children Art Therapy Program Intervention research in Korea and suggest future research directions in this area. Methods. Studies(29) selected from http://www.riss4u.net for last 15 year were used. They were analyzed by publication type, field and design of the study, study participants and outcome variables used in intervention studies. Results. 1. As for academic field, there are 15 art therapy academic journals(51.72%), which made up the largest proportion. 2. As for subjects of the study, there are 17 articles of Elementary (58.6%) education, which made up the largest proportion. As for the subjects of sex, 8 articles (27.59%) are for male students, 7 (24.14%) articles are for female students and 14 articles (48.28.%) are for both male and female students. 3. As for 7 articles of Art therapy(24.14%), 7 articles of Group Art therapy (24.14%) made up the largest proporton 4. As for the intervention study method according to the subjects of suicide intervention program, there are 15 articles of monoclonal Pre and post design (51.72%),which made up the largest proportion. 5. As for the sample size, there were 16.79 persons in the treatment group on average, 13.28 persons in the control group have average and the total persons were 10 on average. The treatment period was 12 weeks on average and the average number of treatment times was 18. The places of treatment were 3 schools (10.38%), which made up the largest proportion. 19. The results of the experimental study support the research hypothesis of all 29 programs. Conclusions. As the above, the studies on the art therapy intervention program for children are increasing but the subjects are overly weighted toward elementary school students. Although the content of the art therapy intervention program was varied, it was found that the development of the program using various art media which can induce the motivation of the child was lacking. In addition, the place of experimental mediation was concentrated on psychology center as 12(41.38%), indicating that there are not enough places to connect with community organizations such as schools and hospitals. The variables of experimental study were focused on psychological variables and it was found that there were insufficient application of various variables including coping method, social support, and physiological variables.

디지털자산 국제거래의 민사법적 쟁점에 관한 소고 - 국제물품매매계약에 관한 유엔 협약(CISG) 적용 가능성을 중심으로 -

김원순 동아대학교 법학연구소 2023 國際去來와 法 Vol.- No.43

While there has been extensive discourse on the regulatory aspects of digital assets, discussions from a civil or commercial law perspective regarding the international trade of digital assets, particularly in the realms of international trade law and private international law, appear to be lacking. There is a pressing need for research aimed at harmonizing the civil legal relationships pertaining to the international trade of digital assets. As part of this research, it is imperative to explore whether the "United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods" ("CISG") could be applicable to international transactions involving digital assets as commodities for sale or as a means of payment. Both affirmative and negative arguments can be made regarding the applicability of CISG to international trade of digital assets. However, considering the legislative intent of CISG and the imperative for a unified judicial regulation of international trade of digital assets, it is advisable to positively consider an interpretative approach that broadly construes the scope of the agreement to deem its application viable. Nonetheless, even if CISG were to be applicable to digital assets, its scope of application appears to be quite limited. This indicates the necessity for the establishment of a new international norm that comprehensively addresses the international trade of digital assets. Until now, legal scrutiny concerning digital assets has predominantly focused on their nature as financial investment products, often delving into matters of investor protection within the framework of financial regulatory perspectives. It is now a pivotal moment necessitating thorough examination of how civil legal relationships pertaining to digital assets should be approached.

ISDN 서비스를 B - ISDN에 수용하는 단말기 접속장치의 설계

김원순,김석배,강태운,최문기 한국통신학회 1993 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

[특집/기술해설]IP Telephony 기술

김원순 대한전자공학회 1999 텔레콤 Vol.15 No.1

B-ISDN 호 시뮬레이터의 설계 ( Design of B-ISDN Call Simulator )

김원순,김명석,홍범기,이유경 한국통신학회 1994 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.13 No.1

종합병원 기혼여성 교대근무 간호사의 수면장애 경험

김원순 한국재활심리학회 2018 재활심리연구 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구는 ‘기혼여성, 교대근무 간호사’의 수면장애 경험 현상을 파악하기 위하여 Colaizzi(1978)의 현상학적 방법을 적용한 질적 연구이다. 10명의 연구 참여자로부터 6개 범주로부터 12개의 주제를 도출하였다. 6개 범주는 ‘수면부족으로 피로감의 연속과 우울해짐’, ‘성기능 장애’,‘ 불면과의 동침’, ‘주간 졸음’, ‘신체화 증상’, ‘적응과 타협’으로 나타났다. 12개의 주제모음은 다음과 같다. ‘피로가 안 풀리고 연속됨’, ‘일상이 우울해짐’, ‘규칙적인 성생활의 어려움’, ‘성적인 곤란함’, ‘잠을 푹 자고 싶은 소망’, ‘불면증으로 인한 불안과 예민함’, ‘일주기 리듬의 변화’, ‘생활방식의 변화로 인한 부주의’, ‘주간 졸음의 멍해짐’, ‘건강에 대한 두려움’, ‘건강 장애의 출현’, ‘일상에서의 적응과 타협’으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 교대근무간호사의 수면의 질 개선을 위한 수면장애 프로그램개발과 적용 및 효과평가 연구를 제언한다.