김은국의 『심판자』: 혁명에서 형이상학으로

김욱동 ( Wook Dong Kim ) 세계문학비교학회 ( 구 한국세계문학비교학회 ) 2006 世界文學比較硏究 Vol.17 No.-

This article attempts to explore in detail some major themes of The Innocent (1968) written by Richard E. Kim who has been hailed as one of the forerunners of Korean American literature. It argues that based on the military coup d`etat in 1961, Kim`s second novel can be best read not as a political novel, but as an epistemological story in which the protagonist learns much about the human existence. Among the things he learns as an Army officer who joins the coup against the civilian government is the nature of good and evil. Evil is ubiquitous like a misty fog that can be almost tangible wherever the protagonist goes. He also comes to the recognition that good and evil are so intricately mixed that they cannot be easily entangled; in the process of getting rid of evil, good is also necessarily hurt. In addition, The Innocent deals with its corollary theme of conflicts between the ideal and the actual. However, Richard E. Kim fails in writing a convincing metaphysical novel. In many scenes of the novel, he is more interested in "telling" than "showing." In conclusion, The Innocent falls short of Kim`s first novel, The Martyred (1964), and the third novel, Lost Names (1970).

『잃어버린 이름』의 형식과 기교

김욱동(Kim, Wook-dong) 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2007 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.28

이 논문은 강용흘(Younghill Kang)에 이어 한국계 미국 문학에서 견인차 역할을 한 김은국(Richard E. Kim)의 세 번째 작품 『잃어버린 이름』(1970)에 나타난 기교와 형식적 특성을 밝히는 데 그 목적이 있다. 김은국은 자신의 가족사와 한국의 현대사의 사건에서 작중인물과 배경 그리고 플롯 등을 빌려오되 이러한 특수한 경험을 뛰어넘어 좀 더 보편적인 주제를 다룬다. 김은국은 이러한 보편적 주제에 걸맞게 형식과 기교에서도 세심한 관심을 기울인다. 이 소설의 장르적 특성은 전기나 자서전이 아닌 ‘자서전적 소설'로 규정지어야 한다. 작가는 ‘순전히 자서적인' 작품도 없으며 또한 ‘순전히 허구적인' 작품도 없다고 지적한다. 또한 김은국은 20세기 초엽 제임스 조이스와 셔웃 앤더슨이 일찍이 시도한 ‘새로운 느슨함'을 구성상의 특징으로 삼는다. 즉 이 작품은 단편 소설을 한데 모아놓은 작품집과 장편 소설의 중간 형태에 속한다. 그런가 하면 김은국은 이 소설에서 시적이고 서정적인 문체를 구사하여 소수민족 문학이 자칫 범하기 쉬운 무미건조한 사실주의적 경향이나 저널리즘적이고 고발문학적인 경향을 극복한다. This article attempts to explore some major formal and stylistic characteristics of Lost Names (1970), the third and perhaps last novel written by Richard E. Kim, who has been hailed as one of the forerunners of Korean American literature. In this work which treats itself with the protagonist's Korean boyhood in the Japanese colonial occupation, Kim tries to disintegrate the traditional genre barrier between fiction and fact, the novel and history. As far as the genre is concerned, this work can be best seen as neither a biography nor an autobiography but as an autobiographical novel. Although it is a study in the social and political history in Korea, this book is nothing but a literary work of art. Kim tends to take the stance of dismissing any literal truth or historical fact in the book. In addition, the book is more than a mere collection of the short stories in the life of a young boy. In this work of fiction, which stands between the novel proper and a collection of stories, the author tries to describe the protagonist's boyhood through what Sherwood Anderson called “new looseness.” Lost Names is also characterized by its lyricism and poetic diction. No Korean American fiction has been so poetic as this book. In conclusion, this work that might be probably Richard E. Kim's best work reflects the literary atmosphere of the late 1960s in American literary history―that is, postmodernism.

공간 탐색 최적화 알고리즘을 이용한 K-Means 클러스터링 기반 다항식 방사형 기저 함수 신경회로망: 설계 및 비교 해석

김욱동,오성권,Kim, Wook-Dong,Oh, Sung-Kwun 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.8

In this paper, we introduce an advanced architecture of K-Means clustering-based polynomial Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (p-RBFNNs) designed with the aid of SSOA (Space Search Optimization Algorithm) and develop a comprehensive design methodology supporting their construction. In order to design the optimized p-RBFNNs, a center value of each receptive field is determined by running the K-Means clustering algorithm and then the center value and the width of the corresponding receptive field are optimized through SSOA. The connections (weights) of the proposed p-RBFNNs are of functional character and are realized by considering three types of polynomials. In addition, a WLSE (Weighted Least Square Estimation) is used to estimate the coefficients of polynomials (serving as functional connections of the network) of each node from output node. Therefore, a local learning capability and an interpretability of the proposed model are improved. The proposed model is illustrated with the use of nonlinear function, NOx called Machine Learning dataset. A comparative analysis reveals that the proposed model exhibits higher accuracy and superb predictive capability in comparison to some previous models available in the literature.

서재필의 『한수의 여행』

김욱동 ( Wook Dong Kim ) 한양대학교 한국학연구소 2008 韓國學論集 Vol.44 No.-

은유와 환유의 언어학적 기초

김욱동(Wook Dong Kim) 한국기호학회 1999 기호학연구 Vol.5 No.-

N/A

포스트모더니즘의 개념과 성격

金旭東(Wook-Dong Kim) 성곡언론문화재단 1990 성곡논총 Vol.21 No.-

인문학과 생태주의 : 생태계 위기와 종말론적 상상력

김욱동(Wook Dong Kim) 한국기호학회 2001 기호학연구 Vol.9 No.1

N/A

주성분 분석법과 선형판별 분석법을 이용한 최적화된 방사형 기저 함수 신경회로망 분류기의 설계

김욱동(Wook-Dong Kim),오성권(Sung-Kwun Oh) 한국지능시스템학회 2012 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.22 No.6

본 연구에서는 주성분 분석법 및 선형 판별 분석법을 이용한 다항식 방사형 기저 함수 신경회로망 분류기의 설계 방법론을 소개한다. 주성분 분석법과 선형판별 분석법을 사용하여 주어진 데이터의 정보 손실을 최소화한 특징데이터를 생성하고 이를 다항식 방사형 기저함수 신경회로망의 입력데이터로 사용한다. 방사형 기저 함수 신경회로망의 은닉층은 FCM 클러스터링 알고리즘으로 구성되며 연결가중치는 1차 선형식을 사용하였다. 최적의 분류기 설계를 위해서 최근에 제안된 Artificial Bee Colony(ABC) 최적화 알고리즘을 사용하여 구조 및 파라미터를 동조하였다. ABC 알고리즘을 통해 주성분 분석법과 선형판별 분석법의 고유벡터의 수 및 FCM 클러스터링 알고리즘의 퍼지화 계수등의 파라미터를 동조한다. 제안된 분류기는 대표적인 Machine Learning(ML) 데이터를 사용하여 성능을 평가하며 기존 분류기와 성능을 비교한다. In this paper, we introduce design methodologies of polynomial radial basis function neural network classifier with the aid of Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). By minimizing the information loss of given data, Feature data is obtained through preprocessing of PCA and LDA and then this data is used as input data of RBFNNs. The hidden layer of RBFNNs is built up by Fuzzy C-Mean(FCM) clustering algorithm instead of receptive fields and linear polynomial function is used as connection weights between hidden and output layer. In order to design optimized classifier, the structural and parametric values such as the number of eigenvectors of PCA and LDA, and fuzzification coefficient of FCM algorithm are optimized by Artificial Bee Colony(ABC) optimization algorithm. The proposed classifier is applied to some machine learning datasets and its result is compared with some other classifiers.

시인으로서의 강용흘

김욱동(Wook Dong Kim) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2004 영미연구 Vol.11 No.-

  This article aims at examining some poems written by Younghill Kang(1903-1972) who has often been hailed not only as the first Korean American writer, but also as one of the first Asian American writers. Although he wanted to be recognized as a poet rather than a novelist, his poems fell short of expectations. Imitative of such an English Romantic poet as William Wordsworth, they are often immature and ill-conceived. The same can be said of his translations of Korean poems. Aided by his wife Frances Keely who published poems in the United States, Kang translated some traditional and modern Korean poems. His command of English, however, is not refreshing. In rendering some Korean poems into English, he fails to grasp the original savor and spirits. In particular, co-translation by Kang and his wife of Yong-Woon Han"s Meditations of the Lover are notorious for mistranslation and near-mistranslation. In sum, Younghill Kang was a novelist, but hardly a poet.

정지용의 「향수」와 스티크니의 「므네모시네」 -모방과 창작 사이

김욱동 ( Wook Dong Kim ) 국제비교한국학회 2009 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.17 No.3