사회인류학과 정보이론의 상관 관계에 의한 문학 작품 해석의 방법

김상구(Kim Sang-Koo) 새한영어영문학회 2001 새한영어영문학 Vol. No.

Various literary (critical) theories are applied for the interpretation of literary works. Theories or principles of science and socio-anthroplogy are no exception. As one of the new interdiscplinary trends, the comelation of cognitive science to literary theories is the case. Supposing that wastes, pollution and taboos are out of their proper order, they lose their existential value and proper position. However, even though they are as a status of margin in a certain system or society, and if they serve enough to fully understand and have an access to a system or a society, surely they should have their own imperative. Mary Douglas, Michael Thompson, and Marshall McLuhan stand for it. Douglas indicates that trivial things are essentials for the structure of the whole frame, and Thompson also points out that if the rubbish tum into the durables, they will have litlle by little the sustaining values and everlasting existence in the flow of time. saying that the temporary things or objects quite reverse in the flow time Together with them, McLuhan puts that if cliches present themselves in the surface of a certain culture, they become the archetype of its category, then they have their own sustenance. Such socio-anthropological views do correspond to the establishment of the certainty of the meaning .Thus, these views have their objective as the proof of semiotic research methodology. it is because Michael Riffaterre has it that routine expressions and stereotyped phrases, as an aspect of culture, become significant and tells that the function of poetry is the sophisicated metamorphoses of cliches and descriptive systems. Therefore, as in socio-anthropology, no center, but margin has significance, and that in semiotics categories are emphasized in the restructure of inner world or a system, so, noise, equivocation, and redundancy are considered important in sending a message in information theory. It is resonant in literary texts. A literary text is full of much information, To put that a literary text is full of information is that, in a word, it has a big lump of information with noise, namely, equivocation, redundancy, and ambiguity. Such a noise, in a word, is manifested in the process of representing objects or describing scenes or characters in terms of language. Literary devices like as digression, catalogues, lists, and implosion, sludge of language are such effects. To prove that, I propose, as an example. Donald Barthelme's novel, and characteristics of Mennipean satiric mode, So, the more complicated or complex a literary text is, the more noisy in it with a lump of information in it is.

Donald Barthelme의 서술기법

김상구(Kim, Sang Koo) 새한영어영문학회 1994 새한영어영문학 Vol.30 No.-

신경심리ㆍ신경생리 소설-R. 파워즈의 『황금벌레 변주곡』,『갤러티어 2.2』와 D.F. 월러스의『끝없는 농담』

김상구(Sang-Koo Kim) 한국영미어문학회 2006 영미어문학 Vol.- No.79

  With the advent of 20th century the significance of the discourse of materials and materialities has been steadily indicated. Such a significance is obviously found in the fields of authentic literary theories, criticism, and cultural theories along with philosophy of science.   In this paper I will first propose the genealogy of the discourses of materials and materialities in Western literature and thoughts, then explain or bring forth in details what are the characteristics of materials or materialities and how they are shown in Richard Powers"s Galatea 2.2 and The Gold Bug Variations, and David Foster Wallace"s Infinite Jest.   In Galatea 2.2 there are doublings of characters: author/narrator and Helen as a character/IMP H as a doppelganger of Helen. In presenting the characterization of the real human, Helen and the perfect artificial network, IMP H, the author shows the difference between Helen and IMP H in terms of presence and absence of cognition and consciousness. That is, IMP H has no consciousness despite her real existence. Further, it becomes the criteria of the distinction of human and posthuman in the novel.   The Gold Bug Variations deals with, in short, what is the relationship of pure information to noise. Like proving it, Jan, the main character of the second plot of the novel, plays word- order game like a puzzle. At first, she does not recognize the meaning of the sentence. For the third letter "c" in the sentence is dropped. However, late the meaning of the sentence is finally and automatically restored by the function of cerebral neurons.   For another instance, Restler is reminiscent of his past school days, and, to his surprise, he finds it does not exist in a single way, but it has some relationship to other affairs or events.   For Jan"s playing game and Restler"s memory function, the author alludes and uses "chaos theory" as metaphor, Though the edge of chaotic state is very sensitive and complicated like the cases of Jan"s missed letter site and Restler"s memorable scene of his past school days, but like as order comes from disorder or chaotic state in ‘chaos theory’, such a physical and a psychological malfunction and distortion are solved and restored by the mysterious sparks of the protean (materials and materialities) in the human brain..   Also as an another example does the author indicate strong responses of deep emotion to the stimulator, crack and "Entertainment" together with the role of Madame Psychosis in Infinite Jest.   Thus, such materialistic presence in the novels will help us with the strict evaluation and lead to the exact understanding of the real nature of materials and materiality in literature and literary theories.

Volcanic Processes on the Songaksan Tuff Ring and Cinder Cone, Cheju Island, Korea

황상구(Sang Koo Hwang),황재하(Jae Ha Hwang),김동학(Dong Hak Kim),M.F. Howells 대한지질학회 1992 지질학회지 Vol.28 No.1

주차관련 교통사고 특성 분석을 통한 주차문화 개선 방안

김상구(Kim Sang Koo) 대한토목학회 2007 대한토목학회논문집 D Vol.27 No.5D

현재, 자동차로 인한 많은 사회문제 중 주차로 인한 문제가 지속적으로 대두되고 이로인해 많은 정책들이 제시되고 있으나 대부분이 주차의 수요공급에 편중된 경향을 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 주차의 수요공급에서 벗어나 경기도 수원시에서 발생한 주차관련 교통사고를 도로종류, 주차위치, 행정구역, 시간, 사고차종 등의 변수로 빈도분석, 요인분석, 상관관계분석 등을 수행하였고, 그 결과 대부분의 주차관련 교통사고가 야간, 이면도로 및 교차로 유출입부에서 많이 발생하고, 도로의 종류와 주차위치가 사고의 주요인임을 알 수 있었다. 이를 토대로 수요공급 위주의 기존 정책들과 더불어 안전한 주차문화를 위해 일방통행제 도입, 교통 정온화 기법, 주차무인단속 등이 조화롭게 이루어져야한다는 결론을 도출하였다. Now, among the many social problems by the car, parking problem is continuously on the rise. To Improve this problem, many policies have been presented, but most alternatives are only concentrated on the demand & supply of parking. In this research, not only demand & supply of parking, but also the cause analysis, the frequency analysis, the correlation analysis for the traffic accidents related to the parking in Suwon are carried out. From these analyses, we can find out that most traffic accidents related to the parking are happened in the night, in the background roads, and at the inflow & outflow parts of the intersections. And the type of roads, the location of the parking are the major causes of the traffic accidents. Based on these results, we conclude that, with demand & supply policies of parking, the one-way traffic, the traffic calming, the automatic parking control must be harmonically performed, for the safe parking civilization.

라캉적 글읽기 - 『 더블린 사람들 』 을 중심으로

김상구(Sang Koo Kim) 한국현대영미소설학회 1999 현대영미소설 Vol.6 No.1

This study investigates how Dubliners can be viewed through Jacques Lacan`s thought. Many critiques have researched how Joyce alludes to the Dubliner`s moral paralysis in Dubliners. Joyce had written a letter in which he wanted to betray the soul of that hemiplegia or paralysis which considers a city. In Dubliners, many of the characters act according to their own desires, but these desires are reflections of the desires of others. Many characters have their own gaze but no eye; likewise, there are many characters for whom the opposite is true, characters who have an eye but no gaze. For example, we see this in Araby, where one boy ardently wants to go to the bazaar, but in reality this is Mangan`s sister`s desire. It is she who wants to buy presents and other goods. The boy, then, represents one example of reflected and refracted desire. In Dublin, the city limits people`s lives like a net, represses their desires, confines them from escaping. In a sense, then, Dublin is a prison from which many of the characters simply cannot escape. This is significant in terms of theories about repressed desire. The Dubliners have no space for the expression of their desire because these desires are stifled by other characters and by the socio-economic structures that define the city. Though the characters live, metaphorically they are the dead. They live a death-in-life, in a no-man`s land, and they are not re-covered. Joyce insists that these kinds of people have a kind of paralysis and live in a gnomon`s situation. But in the last chapter, The Dead, we find the main character, Gabriel Conroy, having escaped from this situation. In the last chapter, it is only Gabriel Conroy who manages to escape from himself, to escape from the psychological paralysis that afflicts the other characters, and changes his unconscious world. Gabriel has escaped from what Lacan calls the pre-mirror stage, animal life. If we view Dubliners in light of Lacan`s theory, we can understand the Dubliners` unconsciousness. While they are limited in action or thinking, we can find the moral background. In Lacan`s famous formula: The unconscious is structured like a language. Lacan typically means several things. Firstly, Lacan interprets consciousness as being inextricably bound up with the unconsciousness. Secondly, Lacan pictures the unconscious as operating in terms of laws which resemble the laws of linguistics. In Dubliners, Joyce is interested in language, especially in the concept of paralysis. If we view language in Dubliners, we are offered very unique vantage points on the collective unconscious of Joyce`s Dublin.

타자 지향의 담론: 핀천의 "브이."와 블랑쇼의 "바깥"

김상구(Sang-Koo Kim) 한국영미어문학회 2004 영미어문학 Vol.- No.71

Thomas Pynchon manipulates the wide range of his heroine's characterization in V. from the different shapes of a woman to the various phenomena or forms of inanimate things, that is from Victoria Wren, Veronica, Vera Meroving to the name of a volcano, Vheissu. Pynchon's metamorphoses of V. characters are his discursive tactics in order to raise the question of human being's existential ontology through the house of language like Martin Heidegger's. Pynchon's such a linguistic tactic is like Maurice Blanchot's view of the essential feature of literature because of their same spirit to create works. The urgent thing is, for Pynchon, what V. means by. He believes that it all embraces various facts or clues, animate and inanimate organs, even ideas of polarities, ultimately to the annihilation of sameness and difference. So, if V. is a shape or has an identity, at the same time, it is a no-shape or doesn't have an identity. Also it is a meaning or has a meaning, but simultaneously, vice versa. In a word, it is a linguistic tactic of Other's otherness unconcernedly different from others' discourses. Furthermore, Pynchon's concept of this linguistic tactic is equivalent to that of Blanchot's "Outside" in The Space of Literature. In it, his "Outside" is related to the concept of space. He asserts that 'the other night,' neither night nor day, occupies an indeterminate space between them, an impossible space that is also "Outside", absolutely Other to the dialectic of affirmation and negation contained in image, indicating that his "Outside" emerges in the space between symbolic oppositions and exceeds their limited distinctions. Moreover, it is neither presence nor absence, real or imaginary, day or night. His "Outside" is all and none at once. "V." is like "Outside." Differently, "V." is the Other or the Other's otherness. Therefore, Blanchot's limitlessness, which the limit pursues to the endlessness, in his text becomes the "Outside" exactly. In here, Blanchot's literary text and Pynchon's V are on the same line. To conclude, Blanchot's literature is affirmation and simultaneously negation as "Outside." Such an attitude towards literature is the only way to find the impossibility in the possibility, namely, the origin. It is also true of Pynchon's V.

Tuff Cones and Tuff Rings, and Their Stratigraphic Relationships on the Western Side of Cheju Island, Korea

황상구,황재하,김동학,Hwang, Sang Koo,Hwang, Jae Ha,Kim, Dong Hak,Howells, M.F. The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1991 자원환경지질 Vol.24 No.4

There are several tuff cones and tuff rings, now only apparent on the western shoreline in Cheju Island. The observation of their landform, bedform, particle size and sorting reveals that these deposits are mainly emplaced by base surges and/or slurries originating from Surtseyan eruption which is attributed to explosive hydrovolcanism influenced by interaction of magma with external water. These are subdivided into two groups based on the plateau basalt. It is recognized that the distal limb of early tuff cones and ring at Dangsanbong, Dansan, Sanbangsan and Hwasun (lower group) are overlain by plateau basalt, on which later tuff rigns at Suwolbong and Songaksan(upper group) further extend the distal limb from each vent. The tuff cones and tuff rings are closely associated with the evidences which shelly fragments are comprised within them, and reworked tuffs, raised beach deposits, Sinyangri formation and littoral cones are deposited around them. The evidences suggest that the Surtseyan eruption resulted from direct or indirect interaction of magma with sea water. 제주도(濟州道) 서부(西部) 해안지대(海岸地帶)에는 여러개의 응회구(凝灰丘)와 응회환(凝灰環)이 분포(分布)한다. 이들은 landform, bedform, 입도(粒度)와 분급(分級)등에 의하면 마그마에 외부(外部)물이 유입(流入) 되므로서 써쩨이언분출을 할때 발생(發生)하는 기저(基底)써지와/ 혹은 슬러리로부터 퇴적된 산물(産物)이며, 주위(周圍)의 대지상(臺地狀) 현무암(玄武岩)을 기준하여 선후기(先後期)의 2개의 군(群)으로 나뉘어진다. 당산봉(唐山峰), 단산(簞山), 산방산(山房山)과 화순(和順)의 것들은 이들의 distal limb이 대지상(臺地狀) 현무암(玄武岩)에 덮혀 있어 선기(先期)임이 명확하며, 반면 수월봉(水月峰)과 송악산(松岳山) 응회환(凝灰環)은 현무암대지(玄武岩臺地) 위에서 이의 distal limb 이 수 km 뻗쳐 있어 후기(後期)임이 명확하다. 또한 응회구(凝灰丘) 및 응회환(凝灰環)은 그 내부(內部)에 해루패(海樓貝)을 함유하며, 그 주위(周圍)에 재이동(再移動) 응회암(凝灰岩), 견인해빈퇴적층(牽引海濱堆積層)과 신양리층(新陽里層)이 퇴적되어 있고 연안구(沿岸丘)가 형성되어 있는 등의 증권(證拳)들에 의하면 해수(海水)가 써쩨이언분출에 직간접(直間接)으로 유입(流入)되었음을 시사한다.

주일예배 구조에 관한 연구

김상구 ( Sang Koo Kim ) 한국복음주의신학회 2008 성경과신학 Vol.48 No.-

Tuff cones and tuff rings, and their stratigraphic relationships on the western side of Cheju island, Korea

Sang Koo Hwang(黃尙九),Jae Ha Hwang(黃載河),Dong Hak Kim(金東鶴)M.F. Howells 대한자원환경지질학회 1991 자원환경지질 Vol.24 No.4

濟州道 西部 海岸地帶에는 여러개의 凝灰丘와 凝灰環이 分布한다. 이들은 landform, bedform, 粒度와 分級 등에 의하면 마그마에 外部물이 流入되므로서 써쩨이언분출을 할때 發生하는 基底써지와 혹은 슬러리로부터 퇴적된 産物이며, 周圍의 臺地狀 玄武岩을 기준하여 先後期의 2개의 群으로 나뉘어진다. 唐山峰, 簞山, 山房山과 和順의 것들은 이들의 distal limb이 臺地狀 玄武岩에 덮혀 있어 先期임이 명확하며, 반면 水月峰과 松岳山 凝灰環은 玄武岩臺地 위에서 이의 distal limb이 수 km 뻗쳐 있어 後期임이 명확하다. 또한 凝灰丘 및 凝灰環은 그 內部에 海樓貝을 함유하며, 그 周圍에 再移動 凝灰岩, 牽引海濱堆積層과 新陽里層이 퇴적되어 있고 沿岸丘가 형성되어 있는 등의 證拳들에 의하면 海水가 써쩨이언분출에 直間接으로 流入되었음을 시사한다. There are several tuff cones and tuff rings, now only apparent on the western shoreline in Cheju Island. The observation of their landform, bedform, particle size and sorting reveals that these deposits are mainly emplaced by base surges and/or slurries originating from Surtseyan eruption which is attributed to explosive hydrovolcanism influenced by interaction of magma with external water. These are subdivided into two groups based on the plateau basalt. It is recognized that the distal limb of early tuff cones and ring at Dangsanbong, Dansan, Sanbangsan and Hwasun (lower group) are overlain by plateau basalt, on which later tuff rigns at Suwolbong and Songaksan(upper group) further extend the distal limb from each vent. The tuff cones and tuff rings are closely associated with the evidences which shelly fragments are comprised within them, and reworked tuffs, raised beach deposits, Sinyangri formation and littoral cones are deposited around them. The evidences suggest that the Surtseyan eruption resulted from direct or indirect interaction of magma with sea water.