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기광서 朝鮮大學校 統一問題硏究所 2005 統一 問題 硏究 Vol.20 No.1
본 글은 해방 직후 소련의 정치세력에 대한 입장과 태도를 비롯한 정책적 조치, 그리고 소련의 대북한정책의 핵심적 사항인 ‘부르주아민주주의 권력’ 노선에 대해 조명한 글이다. 해방 전후 소련은 궁극적으로 한반도에 소련의 ‘우호적’ 정부가 수립되는 것을 목표로 하였다. ‘우호적인’ 정부란 반드시 사회주의 국가 건설이라는 이데올로기적 지향보다는 ‘친소적인’ 의미를 폭넓게 지니고 있었다. 이것은 실제 정치세력에 대한 평가에 있어서도 마찬가지 였다. ‘부르주아민주주의’ 노선은 공산당의 주도하에 보다 광범한 계층 연합을 통해 ‘친소적’ 기반을 강화시키려는 것이었으며, 이를 위해 소련은 민족주의 진영에 대한 지지 기반 구축에 힘을 기울였다. 이러한 북한 내 ‘좌우 연합’ 시도는 나중에 결국 실패로 끝나지만 소련의 대북정책에서 가장 커다란 의의로 간주할 수 있다.
소련의 남북한 정부수립에 대한 인식 —1948년도 『프라우다』 관련 기사를 중심으로—
기광서 역사학연구회 2008 사총 Vol.67 No.-
This study was to assess the level of recognition and position of The Soviet Union on the process of the establishment of the governments of North and South Korea, centering on the analyses of articles on the Korean Peninsular published in "Pravda" in 1948. Moscow insisted that direct responsibility for the division of Korea was in the policy developed by the American governing power and the right-wing forces led by Rhee Seung Man. The Soviet Union turned its attention to the swirling political situation of South Korea, considering the establishment of South Korea government as a product of American support and oppressive politics. That only a minority of right-wing political parties and social organizations participated in the establishment of the South Korean government was used as a ground to confirm the 'validity' of this suggestion. Officially, The Soviet Union perceived the establishment process of the North Korean government, that is, the election of the Supreme People's Assembly, constitution decisions, and governmental organization as the direction of Korean peninsular unification. Of course, The Soviet leadership pursued a unification policy led by left-wing parties. However, when it realized this was impossible, and an independent North Korean government was established, Kremlin couldn't help accepting this government as being nationally representative. Therefore, it was natural for The Soviet Union to maintain that North Korea government led by Kim Il Sung was receiving support from all koreans. The recognition of USSR on the government establishment in North-South was hardly different from that of North Korea governing forces. The assertion by North Korea that South Korea was a puppet state and North Korea was a unified government was also that of The Soviet Union.
기광서 한국근현대사학회 2012 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.62 No.-
This article investigates the process of Land Reform in the territory of South Korea, captured by North Korean army in the early period of Korean War. North Korea wanted to get solid support from South Koreans, conducting the election of people’s commissions and the Land Reform. During the reign of People’s Republic Land Reform in South Korea was carried on the basis of not completely rescinding Agrarian Reform conducted by Seung-man Rhee’s government before the War. North Korean authorities could not help recognizing farmers’ proprietary rights of lands that was acquired from landowners. Small farmers in South Korean Land Reform occupied the largest proportion in population numbers and scale of land distribution while landless farmers in North Korean reform(1946) made up the majority. It was involved with the reduction of absolute numbers of landless farmers as the result of sale of farming land by landowners and the Agrarian Reform of Seung-man Rhee’s government. There were commons between these two reforms like the abolition of tenant system, land distribution method, organization of Rural Commission. Though North Korean Land Reform was leaded by political powers, it seemed to reflect historical justification and people’s request to some extent. But Land Reform in South Korea was hard to get a lot of spontaneous support from South Korean farmers under wartime conditions. In the situations of an unpredictable war many people took wait-and-see attitude and didn’t have confidence over social change. Therefore, Land Reform in South Korea was more or less considered as ‘imposed’ one from top.