연구논문 : 전환비용, 고객만족과 재 구매의도와의 관계에 관한 연구 - 외식산업을 중심으로 -

고상덕 한국관광산업학회 2002 Tourism Research Vol.16 No.-

3차원 레이저 스캐너를 이용한 한국인 영구치의 순,협측 치관 굴곡도에 관한 연구

고상덕,차경석 대한치과교정학회 2002 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.32 No.4

스트레이트 와이어 장치의 효율적 운영을 위해서 제시되어야 할 여러사항 중 치관의 굴곡도에 대한 연구는 국내,외에서 매우 미흡하다. 이에 본 연구는 한국인 영구치의 순, 협측 임상치관 굴관도를 조사하기 위해 시행되었다. 이를 위해 정상적인 해부학적 구조를 갖고있는 구강 석고모형 36쌍을 대상으로 3차원 레이저 스캐닝 하였다. Andrews plane으로 각각 1mm간격으로 2개 목은 3개씩의 선을 그었다. 이들 선이 교차하는 점들에 대한 3차원적 점 좌표를 만들어 놓고 36쌍 구강 석고모형의 각각 좌표점들의 평균을 구하였다. 3차원 좌표 점(x,y,z)을 이용해 곡면 방정식을 만들어 각 치아의 곡률을 구하였고, 가로, 세로 각 방향의 2차원 곡선으로 단순화시킨 곡선에서의 곡률을 구하여 치아 부위마다의 곡률 변화를 계측하여 다음과 같은 결론은 얻었다. 1. 한국인 영구치 치관의 순, 협면 굴곡도의 기초자료를 얻었다. 2. 남, 녀 간에 치관 굴관도 차이는 없었다. 3. 개개 치아의 치관 굴곡에 대한 특성 1) 상악 중절치에서 치은쪽과 절단면쪽의 곡률 차이가 다른 치아에 비해 심 하였으며, 치은쪽이 더욱 심한 곡률을 보였다. 2) 상악 견치의 치관 굴곡도는 근심-절단면쪽의 굴곡이 다른면에 비해 더 심 하였다. 3) 상악 제1소구치에서는 근심-교합면쪽과 원심-치은쪽에서의 굴곡이 더 심 하여 치관 표면의 굴곡이 대각선 방향 으로 서로 뒤틀린 반면, 상악 제2소구치에서는 근심 끝과 원심 끝의 치관 표면 굴곡이 비슷하여 서로 평행하게 나타났다. 4) 하악 중절치와 하악 측절치의 치관 굴곡도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 5) 하악 제 2소구치의 교합면-치은쪽으로의 굴곡이 하악 제 1소구치나 상악 제 2소구치에 비하여 더 둥근 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 하악 중절치와 측절치는 브라켓 베이스를 같게 해도 무방하다. 그러나 상악 제 1소구치와 제 2소구치, 그리고 하악 제 1소구치와 제 2소구치는 치관 굴곡도에 차이가 있으므로 브라켓 제작시 베이스의 굴곡을 다르게 하여야 한다. Of various factors indicated for effective use of straight wire appliances, there was a great lack of studies both domestic and international about the curvatures of Korean permanent teeth. For this study, three-dimensional laser scanning was performed on 36dental casts with normal anatomic structures. Andrews plane and facial axis of clinical crown (FACC) were designated as horizontal and vertical reference planes respectively. 2 or 3 lines, 1 mm apart, were drawn superior, inferior, left and right of these reference planes. A three-dimensional coordinate table was made for points formed by crossing these lines, and averages of each coordinate point on the 36 dental casts were obtained. The curvature equation was made using three-dimensional coordinate points(x,y,z) and by this curvature equation, the curve ration of each tooth was obtained. Curve ration changes of each section of teeth were calculated by curve ratios of simplified curves. These two dimensional curves were simplified horizontally and vertically. Conclusions for this study are as follows. 1. The basic data of labial and buccal clinical crown curvatures were obtained about Korean permanent teeth. 2. No significant difference was found between male and females. 3. Individual tooth characteristics 1) In maxillary central incisors, the difference in the curve ration between the gingival and incisal sides was greater than for the other teeth. And the gingival side showed a greater curve ration. 2) Maxillary canines showed more curvatures in the mesio-occlusal surface than the other surfaces. 3) In maxillary 1^st premolars, more curvatures were found in mesio-occlusal and disto-gingival surface, thus showing a twisted crown surface, but in maxillart2^nd premolars, the crown curvatures of mesial and distal ends became parallel to each other. 4) No significant difference in crown curvatures was found between mandibular central and lateral incisors. 5) Occluso-gingival curvatures of mandibular 2^nd premolar turned out to be more rounded than mandibular 1^st premolars or maxillary 2^nd premolars. From the above conclusions, it can be deduced that the same bracket bases can be used for mandibular central and lateral incisors. But for maxillary 1^st and 2^nd premolars and for mandibular 1^st and 2^nd premolars, because crown curvatures showed significant differences, when making bracket bases there is ample reason to make bracket base curves differently for each type of tooth.

Angle씨 Ⅲ급 부정교합 환자중 Activator사용 전후의 설골의 위치 변화에 관한 연구

고상덕,차경석 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1993 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

This study was conducted to assess the positional changes of hyoid bone following the use of activator in Angles class Ⅲ malocclusion patients with functional factors. For this study, 40 Angle's class Ⅰ patients and 40 Angle's class Ⅲ patients, totally 80 subjects were used. They are all in Hellman's dental age ⅢB-ⅢC ranges. In lateral cephalogram to compare Angle's class Ⅰ group and Angle's class Ⅲ group, and the positional changes of the hyoid bone before and after the use of activator in Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion group. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Comparison of Angle's classⅠ group and Angle's calss Ⅲ group. In comparison to Angle's class Ⅰ group, hyoid bone is more anteriorly and superiorly positioned in Angle's class Ⅲ group. The hyoid bone showed reverse inclination to the mandibular plane in Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion group. 2. Comparison of the hyoid positional change before and after use of Activator in Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion group. The hyoid bone is displaced posteriorly and inferiorly in vertical relationship. The hyoid bone also showed counter-clockwise rotation. 3. No statistical difference was found between after Activator use data of Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion group and Angle's class Ⅰ group. It is concluded that the hyoid bone in Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion group changed its position, similar to Angle's class Ⅰ malocclusion group.

트리코모나스 질염에 대한 Tberal의 효과에 대하여 (Tiberal Igm을 중심으로)

고상덕,정순오 대한산부인과학회 1976 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.38 No.-

선교사의 추동력과 한국인의 흡인력으로 본 독립운동

고상덕 한국선교신학회 2023 선교신학 Vol.70 No.-

초기 한국교회와 일제강점기 한국의 정치 현장 가운데서 우리나라 를 찾은 미국 선교사들의 입장은 매우 복잡했다. 그들은 정교분리와 정치적 중립 자세를 유지하기 어려웠다. 언더우드(1884년), 마펫 (1890년) 선교사의 내한 이후 한국선교를 위해 서구 선교사들의 끊임없 는 희생이 있었고, 1907년 평양 대부흥을 거쳐 빠르게 성장한 한국교회 는 스스로 세례를 받고, 성경을 번역하며 토착교회를 설립했다. 그래서 일제에 맞설 수 있는 잠재적 위협으로 인식되었다. 따라서 일제는 반일 기독교 민족주의 세력을 일거에 붕괴시키고자 하였다. 기독교 세력은 물론 그 배후에 있는 미국 선교사들을 축출하려는 의도를 지니고 있었다. 그러나 이러한 일제의 전략은 더 광범위하게 전개되는 3·1 독립운동이라는 한국 민족 최대의 항일운동으로 나타나게 되었다. 이러한 역사적 과정을 외부의 추동력과 내부의 흡인력을 모두 고려한 중도파 역사기술로 서술하고자 하는 것이 논문의 목적이다. In the early Korean church and during the Japanese colonial era, American missionaries faced a complicated position in relation to the country. They advocated for keeping a separate and immediate focus. After the arrival of missionaries Underwood (1884) and Moffett (1890), the cunning power of Western missionaries was no longer necessary for Korean missions. As a result, the Japanese Empire sought to suppress the anti-Japanese nationalist movement in Korea. However this strategy led to the 3.1 Independence Movement, the largest anti-Japanese movement in Korean history. This paper adopts a centrist historical technique that considers both external driving forces and internal attractions to revisit this process.

파트너간 갈등과 협업이 컨벤션행사의 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

고상덕 한국외식경영학회 2002 외식경영연구 Vol.5 No.2

A Study on the Impact of Collaboration and Conflicts among the Partners of Convention Events for the Performance Improvement. This study has explored whether the collaboration of partners of convention events affects the performance of the projects and it has also explored the relationship between the factors of conflicts among the partners and the project performances. This paper firstly among other things has briefly examined the types, scopes and purposes of collaboration and then the theories of cooperative options each partner takes to change the relationship for the maximization of profit. Once such a theoretical framework is set up, the study has established and tested hypotheses and models about the impacts of collaboration and knowledge transfer and conflict on the project performance. The article shows that general collaboration has a positive impact on the performance such as productivity and performance. the stronger the collaboration among the partners becomes, the more improvement is made for the performance. That is, the collaboration is shown to impact on the performance. Also, knowledge transfer from other partner affects the performance in the actual models verified in this study. Meantime, the impact of the conflicts in cooperative environment on the performance of the convention event shows rather negative results.

파트너간 갈등과 협업이 컨밴션행사의 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

고상덕(Koh Sang Duk) 한국외식경영학회 2002 외식경영연구 Vol.5 No.2

A Study on the Impact of Collaboration and Conflicts among the Partners of Convention Events for the Performance Improvement. This study has explored whether the collaboration of partners of convention events affects the performance of the projects and it has also explored the relationship between the factors of conflicts among the partners and the project performances. This paper firstly among other things has briefly examined the types, scopes and purposes of collaboration and then the theories of cooperative options each partner takes to change the relationship for the maximization of profit. Once such a theoretical framework is set up, the study has established and tested hypotheses and models about the impacts of collaboration and knowledge transfer and conflict on the project performance. The article shows that general collaboration has a positive impact on the performance such as productivity and performance. the stronger the collaboration among the partners becomes, the more improvement is made for the performance. That is, the collaboration is shown to impact on the performance. Also, knowledge transfer from other partner affects the performance in the actual models verified in this study. Meantime, the impact of the conflicts in cooperative environment on the performance of the convention event shows rather negative results.

Angle씨 III급 부정교합 환자중 Activator사용 전후의 설골의 위치 변화에 관한 연구

고상덕(Sang-Duk Koh),차경석(Kyung-Suk Cha) 대한치과교정학회 1994 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This study was conducted to assess the positional changes of hyoid bone following the use of activator in Angles class III malocclusion patients with functional factors. For this study, 40 Angle´s class I patients and 40 Angle´s class III patients, totally 80 subjects were used. They are all in Hellman´s dental age IIIB-IIIC ranges. In lateral cephalogram to compare Angle´s class I group and Angle´s class III group, and the positional changes of the hyoid bone before and after the use of activator in Angle´s class III malocclusion group. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Comparison of Angle´s class I group and Angle´s class III group. In comparison to Angle´s class I group, hyoid bone is more anteriorly and superiorly positioned in Angle´s class III group. The hyoid bone showed reverse inclination to the mandibular plane in Angle´s class III malocclusion group. 2. Comparison of the hyoid positional change before and after use of Activator in Angle´s class III malocclusion group. The hyoid bone is displaced posteriorly and inferiorly in vertical relationship. The hyoid bone also showed counter-clockwise rotation. 3. No statistical difference was found between after Activator use data of Angle´s class III malocclusion group and Angle´s class I group. It is concluded that the hyoid bone in Angle´s class III malocclusion group changed its position, similar to Angle´s class I malocclusion group.

노령초산부에 관한 임상통계학적 고찰

고상덕(ST Ko),문화숙(HS Moon),홍영재(YJ Hong),유병일(BI Yoo),박영동(YD Park) 대한산부인과학회 1976 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.19 No.3

1959년 2월부터 1974년 12월말까지 만 15년 10개월간에 연세대학교 의과대학 부속세브란스 병원 산부인과에 입원 분만한 노령초산부 149례와 1964년 1월부터 1967년 8월말까지 만 3년 8개월간에 제일 병원산부인과에 입원분만한 29례, 총 178례의 노령초산부를 조사대상으로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 노령초산부는 총 분만수 23095례중 178예로서 그 빈도는 0.8%였다. 2. 노령초산부의 연령별 분포는 35세부터 46세까지 였으며 과반수 (51.7%) 가 35-36세 연령 에 속하였다. 3. 산전합병증은 고혈압성 병변이 23.0% 자연조기파수는 21.9%였다. 4. 태위는 두위가 163예(91.6%) 둔위가 15례(8.4%)로서 둔위 빈도가 높았다. 5. 분만방식은 질식분만이 112례(62.9%)이고 복식분만은 66례(37.1%)로서 제왕절개술의 빈도 가 현저히 높았다. 6. 제왕절개술의 적응증은 아두골반 불균형이 48.5%로 수위였고, 노령초산부, 태아절박증, 자궁근종, 둔위 및 shirodkar씨 수술후 상태의 순위였다. 7. 조산아는 14례로서 그 빈도가 7.9%였고 신생아 사망 2례, 사산 1예로서 주산기 사망률 은 16.9이었다. 8. 선천성 기형아는 단 1례도 없었다. 9. 과거력에 있어 자연유산의 빈도는 16.9%였다. 1. There were 178 cases among a total of 23095 deliveries, incidence of 0.8%. 2. Maternal age was distributed from 35 to 49 year. the majority (51.7%) were in age group of 35 and 36 year 3. Concerning the antepartal complications the incidence hypertensive disorder was 23.0% that is higher comparing with 9.7% in the youngest primiparas. the spontaneouse premature of membrane was seen in 21.9% of the case ; higher than 12.2% in the control group. 4. 16 cases (91.6%) were of vertex presentation and breech presentation was higher than that of total deliveries from severance Hospital (4.3%) 5. 112 cases (62.9%) deliveried vaginally and 66 cases (37.1%) abdominally. 6. Among the indication of cesarean section highest was CPD (48.5%) other indication were elderly primipara, fetal distress, myoma, breech presentation and post-Shirodkar operation status in order of frequency. 7. The perinatal mortality rate was 6.9. 8. No congenital malformation of infants was noted. 9. The incidence of spontaneous abortion was 16.9%.

Angle씨 Ⅲ급 부정교합 환자중 Activator사용 전후의 설골의 위치 변화에 관한 연구

고상덕,차경석 대한치과교정학회 1994 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This study was conducted to assess the positional changes of hyoid bone following the use of activator in Angles class Ⅲ malocclusion patients with functional factors. For this study, 40 Angle's class I patients and 40 Angle's class Ⅲ patients, totally 80 subjects were used. They are all in Hellman's dental age ⅢB-ⅢC ranges. In lateral cephalogram to compare Angle's class I group and Angle's class Ⅲ group, and the positional changes of the hyoid bone before and after the use of activator in Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion group. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Comparison of Angle's class I group and Angle's class Ⅲ group. In comparison to Angle's class I group, hyoid bone is more anteriorly and superiorly in Angle's class Ⅲ group. The hyoid bone showed reverse inclination to the mandibular plane in Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion group. 2. Comparison of the hyoid positional change before and after use of Activator in Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion group. The hyoid bone is displaced posteriorly and inferiorly in vertical relationship. The hyoid bone also showed counter-clockwise rotation. 3. No statistical difference was found between after Activator use data of Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion group and Angle's class I group. It is concluded that the hyoid bone in Angle's class I malocclusion group changed its position, similar to Angle's class I malocclusion group.