ns-2 기반 WAVE 멀티채널 시뮬레이션 프로그램 작성 및 검증

강우성,정진욱,진교홍,Kang, Woo-Sung,Jung, Jin-Uk,Jin, Kyo-Hong 한국정보통신학회 2011 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.15 No.7

A typical standard of vehicular ad hoc networks, WAVE which consists of IEEE 1609.x Family standards and IEEE 802.11p standard, includes the multi-channel coordination and channel synchronization function to provide safety services or public services during a car is driven. Generally, the performance of data communication and networking technologies is evaluated by using simulation tools, such as ns-2, OPNET, OPNET++, etc. However, these tools doesn't provide the operations of WAVE protocol. Therefore, in this paper, we implement and verify WAVE simulation program based on ns-2. WAVE는 IEEE 1609.x 패밀리 표준들과 IEEE 802.11p 표준으로 구성된 차량 에드혹 네트워크의 대표적인 표준으로 차량 운행시 안전 서비스, 편의 서비스 등을 제공하기 위해 멀티채널 코디네이션과 채널 동기화와 같은 동작들을 포함하고 있다. 데이터 통신 및 네트워킹 기술들은 일반적으로 ns-2, OPNET, 그리고 OPNET++와 같은 시뮬레이터들을 사용하여 그 성능이 평가되지만, 현재까지 이러한 툴들은 WAVE 프로토콜의 동작들을 제공하고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 ns-2를 기반으로 하여 WAVE 멀티채널 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 작성하고 검증하였다.

평균 수명 이상의 고령 위암 환자에서의 D2 림프절 절제술의 안정성

강우성,정오,정미란,김호군,류성엽,박영규,김동의,김영진,Kang, Woo Sung,Cheong, Oh,Jeong, Mi Ran,Kim, Ho Goon,Ryu, Sung Yeop,Park, Yeong Kyu,Kim, Dong Yi,Kim, Young Jin 대한위암학회 2008 대한위암학회지 Vol.8 No.2

목적: 고령 위암환자의 근치적 절제 후 생존율은 약년층에 비해 낮지 않다고 보고되고 있으나 고령 환자에 대한 적절한 수술 범위에 대해서는 저자들마다 이견이 많다. 본 연구에서는 D2 림프절 절제술이 시행된 고령 위암환자들의 수술 후 경과 및 합병증에 관하여 분석하여 고령 환자에서 D2 림프절 절제술의 안정성을 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 5월부터 2007년 5월까지 위암으로 근치적 위절제를 시행 받은 1,251명 중 D2 림프절 절제술을 시행 받았던 946명을 대상으로 국내 평균수명인 남자 73세, 여자 80세 이상을 고령환자로 구분 하여 비 고령 환자와 비교하였다. 결과: 전체 고령 환자 120명 가운데 86명(72.2%)에게 D2 이상의 림프절 절제술이 시행되었다. 고령 D2 림프절제술 환자의 남녀비는 11.3:1이었고, 평균 연령은 $76.2{\pm}3.1$세였다. 62명에서 위원위부절제술, 24명에서 위전절제술이 시행되었으며 이 중 16명(17.6%)은 주변장기를 합병 절제하였다. 수술 후 합병증은 22명(25.6%)에서 발생하였고 1명(1.2%)이 사망하였다. 전체 D2 림프절 절제환자를 대상으로 한 단변량 분석에서 고령환자에서 유의하게 합병증 발생율이 높았으나(P=0.003) 다변량 분석에서 ASA score와 동반절제 여부만이 독립적인 합병증 발생 위험인자였으며 고령은 포함되지 않았다. 결론: D2 림프절 절제에 있어서 고령 자체는 독립적인 합병증 발생 위험인자가 아니었다. ASA score가 높지 않고 기저질환이 없는 평균 수명 이상의 고령환자에게서 D2 림프절 절제술은 안전하게 시행될 수 있다고 생각된다. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of D2 lymphadenectomy in elderly patients with gastric cancerby comparing the surgical outcomes and postoperative courses between an elderly group and a control group undergoing the same procedure. Materials and Methods: Clinical information was reviewed for 1251 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between May 2004 and May 2007. Patients were classified into the following two groups: an elderly group (older than the average life span in Korea) and a control group (younger than the elderly group). Clinicopathologic features and postoperative courses after D2 lymphadenectomy were reviewed and compared between the two groups. Results: There were a total of 120 (9%) elderly group patients among all those reviewed, and 86 (72.2%) of them underwent D2 lymphadenectomy. There was 27.5% postoperative morbidity in the elderly group, which was significantly different from thecontrol group (12.8%, p=0.003). However, on multivariate analysis, ASA score and combined resection were independent predictive factors of postoperative complications, while age was not predictive. Conclusion: Older age is not a predictive factor of postoperative complications in itself, and D2 lymphadenectomy can be safely performed in elderly patients with gastric cancer, provided they have good ASA scores and do not undergo accompanying combined resection.

인진청간탕(茵蔯淸肝湯)이 HepG2 cell의 $TNF-\alpha$ 신호전달계에 미치는 영향(影響)

강우성,김영철,이장훈,우홍정,Kang Woo-Sung,Kim Young-Chul,Lee Jang-Hoon,Woo Hong-Jung 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

Objectives : The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Injinchunggan-tang on $TNF-{\alpha}$ signal transmission system. Materials and Methods : We analyzed the following with quantitative RT-PCR method; the effect of Injinchunggan-tang on secretion of $TNF-\alpha$ mRNA/protein and stability, the effect on gene revelation that consists of signal transmission system (TRAIL, NIK, A20, TRADD, RAIDD, RIP TNFR-I, TNFR-II, TRAF1, TRAF2, FADD), the one on activation of p38, Erk1/2 MAPK and the rate of nuclear $NF-{\kappa}B/cytosolic\;NF-{\kappa}B$ in HepG2 cell. We also analyzed the inhibitory effect of Injinchunggan-tang on the apoptosis of HepG2 cell that $TNF-{\alpha}$ induces and the $NF-{\kappa}B$ restraint effected by transfection of $I{\kappa}B{\Delta}N$ through tryphan blue exclusion assay. Results : Injinchunggan-tang prohibits revelation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in HepG2 cell and the creation of protein. However, it has no effect on the stability of $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA. While it did not have any effect on the generation of TRAIL, NIK, A20, TRADD, RAIDD and RIP genes, Injinchunggan-tang reduces the revelation of TNFR-I, TNFR-II, TRAF1, TRAF2 and FADD genes. It has been confirmed that Injinchunggan-tang restraints the revelation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA that is promoted by ethanol, acetaldehyde, lipopolysaccharide, in proportion to the treatment density and time. It activated $NF-{\kappa}B$ of HepG2 cell and promoted activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ that is occurred by $TNF-{\alpha}$. It has been observed that the restraint effect against the $TNF-{\alpha}$ inducing apoptosis is lost when it is intercepted the function of $NF-{\kappa}B$ in HepG2 cell. Conclusion: It has been confirmed that Injinchunggan-tang has restraining effect against the revelation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and mRNA that is constituent element of TNF-a signal transmission system. It also has been revealed that it restraints the activation of p38, Erk1/2 by $TNF-{\alpha}$. Through this prohibiting effect, it is inferred that it restraints signal transmission among various cells that are related to inflammation reaction. Meanwhile, Injinchunggan-tang protects liver cell from apoptosis that is caused by $TNF-{\alpha}$, by maintaining the activating function for $NF-{\kappa}B$.

문학이론 교육의 한국적 수업모형 연구

강우성(Woosung Kang) 한국비평이론학회 2013 비평과이론 Vol.18 No.1

This essay attempts to suggest viable teaching models of literary theory education in Korea by exploring the theoretical as well as practical implications of "Theory Studies" in Korea for the past 15 years. Investigating the peculiar trend of theoretical interests in two prominent critical theory journals, Contemporary Criticism and Theory and Criticism and Theory, we discovered that Korean scholars of theory have preferred Lacanian psychoanalysis and Post-colonialism over the other theoretical positions. Unlike Anglophone academic journals whose 30-year index demonstrated the tendency of slow decline in theoretical studies, Korean journals show continued research interest in the so-called "Theory Criticism." In Korea, the 1990s witnessed a sort of upsurge of theoretical engagement and investment in contemporary "French" theories after the collapse of the stronghold of Marxist theory. The status of theory in Korea appears to have been stable and steady: pure theoretical researches and "theory criticisms" are getting popular, though classroom situation remains deplorable. In order to overcome the predilection for certain theories and enhance the theoretical literacy in literary education, it is urgently required to set up some basic principles of theory education. Combining the diachronic analysis with synchronic confrontation as the standard way of doing theories, this essay suggests two teaching models of theory education in Korea. One is for "history of theory"; the other for "theoretical overdeterrnination." While identifying relevant theoretical moments in literary and aesthetic texts, teachers help students confront "reflective moments" of vanous theoretical texts in their critical reflection. The success of theory education in Korea will depend upon developing such a theory-conscious reflection in the classroom through the practice of theory criticism.

이론비평'을 통한 비평이론 교육

강우성(Woosung Kang) 한국영미문학교육학회 2013 영미문학교육 Vol.17 No.3

This paper purports to present practical teaching models and curriculum of literary theory at a graduate level in Korea by examining the theoretical and pedagogical implications of what might be termed "Theory Criticism" in several academic journals in Anglophone culture for the past 10 years. Critically analysing the recent trends of theory studies, especially during the period after the so-called "the Death of Theory," I argue that journals devoted to theory demonstrated the significant change in doing theory in terms of thinking possibilities of political potentiality and cultural diversification of theory itself. Among various journals, Diacritics, Critical Inquiry, and Parallax are chosen for their consistent commitment to the theoretical discussion in the field of literary studies. Theoretical concerns of these journals after 2005 can best be classified under three categories: increasing political interest, continued devotion to cultural or aesthetic phenomena, and the renewed reflection on what makes a theory a theory. Current shifts in theory studies mark a crucial challenge to our literary theory education in Korea, where classroom situation now suffers a dire lack of the discipline in critical thinking amidst relative proliferation of critical discourse outside the academia. One way to overcome such an indigence of theoretical education in Korea may come from the lesson of recent political turn of theory in Anglophone studies. It is urgent as well as necessary to positively adopt the pedagogy of theory criticism while maintaining the text-based close reading in dealing with theoretical texts. For this task, I present three teaching models practically applicable in literary theory education in Korea: seminar on theory criticism, theoretical encounter with literary texts, and thematic approach to theory. As the case of actual teaching experience based on the thematic approach indicates, literary theory education via "theory criticism" proved not only viable but practicable as well. The aim of teaching literary theory should be geared to enhance none other than the faculty of critical thinking itself.

실패한 이주민의 꿈: 끄레브꾀르의 『미국 농부의 편지』

강우성 ( Woo Sung Kang ) 영미문학연구회 2009 영미문학연구 Vol.16 No.-

This paper revisits Cre` vecoeur`s Letters from an American Farmer in terms of its narrative hybridity and the concomitant failure of establishing the figure of American farmer as an archetypal American. Up until now, most of the critics did not pay full-fledged attention to the narrative complexity of Cre` vecoeur`s Letters, predominantly capitalizing on the cultural as well as political significance of the third letter, "What is American?"; they often let slide the ideological implication of the freeholding farmer, let alone the strategic placement of the so-called "Nantucket Letters" in the middle of narrative structure. Agrarian pastoral of the Pennsylvanian farm precariously extends its figurative power over the ample narrative descriptions of the oceanic community in Nantucket via the critical lenses of the contemplative narrator-hero, ultimately resulting in the narrative debacle that could not curb the stark reality of slavery in Charles Town and the bewilderment over the unexpected thrust of political choice in front of impending war with English monarchy. Contemplative farmer`s benevolent governance as a "monarcho-anarchist" over the independent, market-free farm yard falls far short of being translated into the dominant principle of polity of the whole colony. The attempt to set up an ideal of freeholding farmer as an archetypal American manhood turns out a meaningful failure: he becomes neither a successful immigrant-turn-American nor a republican citizen of democracy. It is, therefore, both inevitable and natural for the farmer-contemplator to resort to the natural law of self-preservation and regress into the non-political residency in the frontier Indian community. As D. H. Lawrence puts it, Cre` vecoeur`s backward political gesture records the failure of founding a mythic American manhood in the complicating realities of the 18th century American culture. In its narrative hybridity and the creation of contemplative narrator, Cre` vecoeur`s emotional description of the farmer`s "wish-fulfillment" to remain an independent man of self-preservation anticipates the literary flowering of the distinctive American prose styles in the era of the so-called "American Renaissance."

해체, 해석, 문학: 데리다와 윤리

강우성 ( Woo Sung Kang ) 영미문학연구회 2005 영미문학연구 Vol.8 No.-

Unlike other modern theories of textuality, Derrida`s deconstruction has often drawn many critical attentions for its unintended affiliation with theoretical pretenders such as the American brand of "literary deconstructionism." Derrida`s own theoretical as well as political struggle to pass through such academic quagmire deserves a serious reconsideration in terms of the so-called "ethics of the other." By articulating the critical relevance to the problematic of interpretation and literature, Derridian deconstruction comes to implicate a singular ethical dimension. The ethics of the other, for Derrida, means foremost questioning of all philosophical, including Levinasian, conceptions of ethicality: ethics can be neither experienced nor constitutionalized. Like the paradoxical existence of literature, a being barely there while given the capacity to talk about everything, the ethics of the other starts at the very moment particular laws of ethics fail to maintain the purity of the other. Deconstruction affirms that ethics is a matter of contamination through and through like that hybrid "style" of literary texts. For Derrida, ethics sets forth with the singular experience of literature and its general iterability of fictional dimensions. Literature is a name of the third party by which any attempt to rethink ethics of the other is prevented from going back to the absolute origin of ethicality.

탈근대의 정치적 복원:역사로의 회귀 -아리프 딜릭 저, 황동연 옮김 『포스트모더니티의 역사들』(창비 2005)-

강우성 ( Woo Sung Kang ) 영미문학연구회 2006 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.20

폭력과 법의 피안: 정치적 주체의 탄생

강우성 ( Woo Sung Kang ) 영미문학연구회 2011 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.30

The notion of violence becomes a hot catchword in the terrain of recent political and theoretical discourses, seemingly culminating in the proliferation of filmic representations. Behind such ardent interests in violence lies a common conception that violence is, in itself, not a matter of theoretical concern: there is no outside of violence. It is the very prevalence and the inevitability of violence in modern society and the concomitant inability of the resistant subject not to he violent that dominate the question of violence. Furthermore, violence in reality always manifests itself through the medium of law and moral relations. Whether in the subversion of state power, a prevailing and exclusive agent of legitimate violence, or in the rightful revenge against individual violences, every radical effort necessarily confronts the ambiguity of law and justice. What is at stake concerning violence is threefold possibilities: to think violence without a binary frame of just means and just end, to escape from the vicious circle of revenge and resentment, to figure out a really political subjectivity beyond the realm of law and legitimate violence. Walter Benjamin`s concept of divine violence, unlike Arendt`s distinction of violence as a means from proper political power or Sorel`s advocation of proletarian general strike as truly revolutionary, suggests a possibility of political subject whose sovereign violence goes beyond all kinds of mythic manifestations of violence via law. Slavoj Zizek`s hold identification of divine violence with actual historical movements of exemplary violence follows, in essence, the spirit of Benjamin but diverges in his configuration of abstinent subject in capitalist society. But as is represented in Boknam`s murder in a recent Korean movie Bedeviled, we can often configure a process of making a truly political subject. Her relentless acts of murdering makes her a sovereign subject who neither resorts to law and legitimacy, nor becomes a tragic hero, nor succumbs to sensational joy of revenge. She signifies an act of disturbing and demolishing the very network of violence and law, thus nullifying the whole social system of signification itself. She turns herself into a symptom of violence in its pure extremity, telling that the only solution to violence is to oppose it with divine violence.

이론의 숲에서 비평의 길을 찾다

강우성 ( Woo Sung Kang ) 영미문학연구회 2010 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.28