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강스미,김다람,이보현,김미리,장매희,홍정일 한국식품과학회 2011 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.20 No.1
Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) is a halophyte that grows in the salt marshes and has been used as a seasoned vegetable and a traditional folk medicine. In the present study, the antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects of glasswort seeds on human colon and intestinal cells were investigated. A series of solvent fractions,including fractions of hexane (Fr.H), ethyl ether (Fr.E),ethyl acetate (Fr.EA), and water (Fr.W) were prepared from 70% methanol extract of glasswort seeds. Fr.EA contained the highest level of total polyphenols and flavonoids followed by Fr.E. Radicals of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and nitric oxide were most effectively scavenged by Fr.EA. Among the solvent fractions, Fr.E showed the most potent cytotoxic effects on HCT 116 and HT-29 colon cancer cells, and was significantly less toxic to INT-407 normal immortalized intestinal cells. The selective toxicity between normal and cancer cells was not observed in cells treated with Fr.H or Fr.EA. Fr.W rather stimulated cell growth by 10-20% in the range of 100-400μg/mL. The results indicate that the fractions from seeds of glasswort have potent antioxidant and cytotoxic effects,and can be used as a dietary source for medicinal application.
큰포식세포에서 퉁퉁마디 추출물의 아라키돈산 대사효소조절 및 항염증 활성
강스미,최유미,홍정일 한국식품과학회 2018 한국식품과학회지 Vol.50 No.6
Glasswort has attracted an attention because of its interesting physiological actions. In this study, the effects of glasswort on inflammatory events including nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism in cultured RAW264.7 macrophages were investigated. A series of solvent fractions, including fractions of hexane (Fr.H), ethyl ether (Fr.E), ethyl acetate, butanol, and water, were prepared from a 70% methanol extract of glasswort. Among the fractions, Fr.E showed the strongest inhibition of NO synthesis and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. At a concentration of 80 μg/mL, Fr.E decreased the NO and iNOS levels by 73 and 77%, respectively, after 24 h. Fr.E showed the most potent inhibitory effects on the expressions of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase-2 with IC50 values of 33.4 and 27.9 μg/mL, respectively. Fr.H and Fr.E also significantly inhibited 5- lipoxygenase expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages. These results suggest that the hydrophobic fractions of glasswort possess anti-inflammatory activities through modulating the arachidonic acid metabolism and NO synthesis.
염, 당, 산 침지조건에서 심황색소의 추출특성 및 화학적 특성 변화
강스미,성연경,홍정일 한국식품과학회 2020 한국식품과학회지 Vol.52 No.1
Turmeric pigments have been used as coloring agents and functional ingredients. In this study, the extraction property and chemical stability of the pigments were evaluated in several preservative solutions containing NaCl, sucrose, and acetic acid. After 72 h of infusion, the protein and polyphenol levels and antioxidant activity of the turmeric extracts in the solutions were less pronounced than those in water. Acetic acid (12%) was more efficient at extracting curcuminoids from turmeric than water, NaCl (20%), or sucrose (25%). Curcumin was highly abundant in all solutions. The relative yield of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BMC) was the highest in acetic acid, whereas that of curcumin was highest in NaCl and sucrose solutions. Curcuminoids were relatively stable in sucrose and acetic acid; among them, BMC had the highest stability. The stability of the curcuminoid solution decreased based on the increase in NaCl content, whereas it was significantly enhanced in sucrose and acetic acid. The observations from this study can be applied to the processing and storage of turmeric-derived products in these preservative agents.
강스미,김미리,장매희,홍정일 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.6
Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) is a halophyte that grows normally in salt marshes and has been used as a seasoned vegetable. Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antiinflammatory activities of water extracts from freshwater-cultivated (FWE) and naturally-grown (SWE) glasswort were investigated. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of FWE were higher than for SWE. The salinity was higher in SWE. Radical scavenging activities and inhibitory effects against lipid peroxidation of FWE were more potent than for SWE. FWE also showed more potent cytotoxic effects with higher potency against cancer cells. FWE was effective for inhibition of protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Constituents in FWE were more active than in SWE, and freshwater-cultivated glasswort can be a useful dietary source with health benefits.
현미, 발아현미, 보리, 메밀의 주요 성분 및 건강 기능성
강스미 ( Smee Kang ),송상훈 ( Sang Hoon Song ) 한국산업식품공학회 2016 산업 식품공학 Vol.20 No.3
Brown rice, barley, and buckwheat contain a variety of functional ingredients, such as vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers. Germination is an effective technique for improving the digestion and absorption of the constituents in grains. In addition, germination could modify the chemical properties of grains and increase the content of biologically active substances. Many studies have reported that the intake of grains or germinated grains could ameliorate blood glucose level, stimulate the immune system, lower blood pressure, and result in anti-obesity effect. Therefore, grains and germinated grains are being utilized in a variety of functional products. The present study reviews the primary components and bio-functionalities of grains (brown rice, barley, and buckwheat) and germinated grains (germinated brown rice). The development of grain products for promoting health functional properties is also discussed.
퉁퉁마디 지상부 분획의 산화방지 활성, 활성산소종 생성과 세포독성 조절작용
강스미(Smee Kang),홍정일(Jungil Hong) 한국식품과학회 2016 한국식품과학회지 Vol.48 No.6
본 연구에서는 퉁퉁마디 지상부를 70% 메탄올로 추출한 후, 이에 대해 용매분획하여 얻은 Fr.H, Fr.E, Fr.EA, Fr.B, 및 Fr.W, 5분획의 산화방지 효과, ROS 생성효과, 세포독성 효과 및 관련 기작에 대한 기능성을 검토하였다. 이 중 Fr.EA가 가장 높은 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 성분 함량을 나타내었으며 Fr.B가 이어서 높은 함량을 보였다. Fr.EA는 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 및 아질산 이온의 소거에 있어서도 다른 분획들보다 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 특히 아질산이온의 소거에 가장 뛰어난 활성을 보였다. 리놀레산 지질과산화 시스템에서는 Fr.EA와 Fr.B가 강한 산화억제 활성을 나타내었으며, 이들의 라디칼 소거능은 물론 Fe2+에 대한 킬레이트 효과가 지방질산화에 대한 억제기작으로 작용하는 것으로 생각된다. Fr.EA 및 Fr.E가 HCT-116 대장암 세포 및 INT-407 정상장관계 세포에 대해 높은 세포독성을 유발하였으며, 특히 Fr.EA는 HCT-116 대장암 세포에 대해 정상 장관계세포보다 유의적으로 강한 세포독성을 나타내었다. 퉁퉁마디 지상부 분획들은 세포 내에서는 ROS를 감소시키는 산화방지효과를 나타낸 반면 배양액 중에서는 H2O2를 생성하는 산화촉진 효과도 나타내었으며, Fr.EA와 항산화제인 ascorbic acid 및 N-acetylcysteine을 같이 세포에 처리하였을 때 세포 독성이 유의적으로 증가하는 현상을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 퉁퉁마디 지상부 분획의 산화방지 및 산화촉진 효과와 세포독성 효과를 보고하였으며, 향후 계속적인 연구를 통해 기능성 소재로서의 퉁퉁마디의 이용성 확대가 지속될 것으로 기대한다. Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) is an edible halophyte that grows in salt marshes. In the present study, antiand pro-oxidant activities and cytotoxic properties of glasswort were investigated. Solvent fractions, including fractions of hexane, ethylether (Fr.E), ethylacetate (Fr.EA), butanol and water, were prepared from a 70% methanol extract of glasswort aerial parts. Fr.EA contained the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids, showing the strongest scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals, and nitrite. In addition Fr.EA showed the most potent cytotoxic effects on HCT-116 colon cancer cells and INT-407 normal intestinal cells, followed by Fr.E. Most fractions also decreased the level of reactive oxygen species in the treated cells, but generated H₂O₂ in the medium. The cytotoxic activity of Fr.EA was more pronounced in the presence of ascorbic acid or N-acetylcysteine. These results indicate that the fractions from aerial parts of glasswort exhibit both anti- and pro-oxidant activities, and these activities modulate cytotoxic properties.