복합지반 EPB TBM 커터교체를 위한 그라우팅 수행 사례

강성욱,장재훈,이재원,김대영,신영진,Kang, Sung-Wook,Chang, Jaehoon,Lee, Jae-Won,Kim, Dae-Young,Shin, Young-Jin 한국터널지하공간학회 2021 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.23 No.5

Railway projects have been consistently increasing in Korea. In relation to this trend, the mechanized tunneling using Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is preferably applied for mining urban areas and passing under rivers. The TBM tunneling under difficult grounds like mixed faces with high water pressure could require ground improvements for stable TBM advance or safe cutter head intervention (CHI). In this study, pre-grouting works for CHI in Daegok-Sosa railway project are presented in terms of the grouting zone design, the executions and the results, the lessons learned from the experience. It should be mentioned that the grouting from inside TBM was carried out several times and turned out to be inefficient in the project. Therefore, grouting experiences from the surface are highlighted in this study. Jet grouting was implemented on CHI points on land, while permeation grouting off shore in the Han River, which mostly allow to access the cutter head of TBM in free air with stable faces. The results of CHI works have been analyzed and the lesson learned are suggested. 철도망 구축이 확대되는 추세 속에 도심지나 한강을 통과하기 위해 TBM 굴착공법 적용사례가 증가하고 있다. 특히, 도심지나 한강하저를 통과하는 경우 불량한 지반 및 지하수조건을 조우하게 되며 안정적인 굴진 및 커터교체(Cutter Head Intervention, CHI)를 위해서 그라우팅을 적용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 TBM 굴착공법을 적용한 철도 터널 시공 시 적용한 그라우팅에 대하여 소개하고자 한다. 특히, CHI를 위해 그라우팅을 수행한 사례에 대한 소개나 분석이 많지 않은 것으로 판단하여 CHI를 위한 그라우팅 범위산정, 수행결과, 고찰 및 제언(Lessons Learned)을 기술하고자 한다. 그라우팅은 막장안정성을 확보하는 목적이 있으며, 작업위치에 따라 지상(수직)그라우팅과 TBM 장비 내에서 수행하는 갱내 그라우팅으로 나눌 수 있다. 갱내그라우팅을 수행한 결과 공기 및 보강효과 측면에서 지상(수직) 그라우팅에 비해 비효율적이라고 판단되어 지상그라우팅으로 계획을 변경하였다. 한강하저 구간의 경우 슬러지 발생으로 인한 환경오염, 주입재 유실 등이 우려되어 고압분사그라우팅을 적용할 수 없었으며 대안으로 수중불분리 주입재를 적용한 저압그라우팅을 적용하였다. 육상구간은 지상 작업부지를 확보할 수 있어 고압분사그라우팅을 적용하였다. 실제 그라우팅을 수행한 결과를 소개함으로써 향후 쉴드 TBM을 적용한 터널 시공 중 CHI 시 지반조건에 따른 적합한 그라우팅 공법 및 방법을 결정하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

쐐기형 수중음파 흡수타일의 음반사 특성 연구

강성욱,홍우영,송영일,류기상,백칠기,Kang, Sung-Oug,Hong, Woo-Young,Song, Yeong-Il,Lyu, Ki-Sang,Baek, Chil-Ki 한국음향학회 1997 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.16 No.3

쐐기각이 다른 4종류의 쐐기형 수중음파 흡수타일을 설계, 제작하고 각각의 흡음타일에 대한 반사음장의 크기를 측정하였다. 흡음타일의 정면에서 측정한 반사음장의 크기는 실험한 4개의 타일중 쐐기의 꼭지각이 30$^{\circ}$일 때 최소값을 갖고 120$^{\circ}$일 때 최대값을 가졌다. 쐐기형 흡음타일의 꼭지각이 클수록 그 반사계수가 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 본 실험에 사용된 10kHz~30kHz 주파수 범위에서 쐐기각이 같은 흡음판에 의한 반사음장의 크기는 주파수와 무관하였다. 그리고 쐐기형 흡음타일 후면에서 측정한 반사음장의 크기는 흡음판의 형태와 실험에 사용된 주파수들에 무관한 일정한 값을 가졌다. 쐐기형 흡음타일의 반사음장에 대한 측정값과 수치모델에 의한 계산값은 대체로 잘 일치하였다. Four different wedge angle absorptive tiles were designed and made, and the magnitudes of the reflected acoustic fields by the wedge shaped underwater sound absorptive tiles were measured. The minimum magnitude was found at the angle of 30$^{\circ}$ and the maximum of it was found at the wedge angle of 120$^{\circ}$ from measured the reflected acoustic fields at the front sides of the tiles. The fact that as wedge angle of the absorptive tile increases, the reflection coefficient is increasing is verified. The measured reflected acoustic fields were not dependent on the frequency in the range of 10kHz~30kHz used in this experiment for the same wedge angle tile. The measured reflected acoustic fields at the back sides of the tiles show that they are independent from both type of the absorptive tiles and the frequencies used in the experiments. The measured values and the computed values by the numerical model for the reflected acoustic fields of the wedge shaped absorptive tiles are fairly well comparable with one another.

민간검진 서비스의 이용현황과 결정요인

강성욱,유창훈,권영대,Kang, Sung-Wook,You, Chang-Hoon,Kwon, Young-Dae 대한예방의학회 2009 예방의학회지 Vol.42 No.3

Objectives : Both organized and opportunistic screening programs have been widely used in Korea. This paper examined the determinants of the use of opportunistic screening programs in Korea. Methods : The subjects were a national stratified random sample of 10,254 people aged 45 or older from the first wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing in 2006. A logit model was used to examine the determinants of the use of opportunistic screening programs in terms of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the type of health insurance and the health status. Results : Thirteen point seven percent of the individuals received opportunistic screening programs within 2 years from the time the survey was conducted in 2006. The individuals who graduated from college or who had even more education were 3.0 times more likely to use opportunistic screening programs compared with the individuals who were illiterate. The individuals who resided in urban areas and who had religious beliefs were more likely to receive opportunistic screening programs compared with their counterparts. Those who were in the first quartile for the total household assets were 2.6 times more likely to use opportunistic screening programs than those who were in the fourth quartile for the total household assets. Privately insured people were 1.6 times more likely to use opportunistic screening programs than those who were not insured. Finally, the individuals who self-assessed their health status as worst were 2.1 times more likely to use opportunistic screening programs compared individuals who self-assessed their health status as best. Conclusions : This study suggests that opportunistic screening programs can be an indicator for whether or not an individual is among the advantaged group in terms of their socioeconomic characteristics and type of health insurance.

복시(複視)(Diplopia)를 호소하는 Guillain-Barre Syndrome(GBS) 환자 치험 1례 증례보고

강성욱,문미현,홍석훈,황충연,강정란,박준영,Kang, Sung-Wook,Moon, Mi-Hyun,Hong, Suk-Hoon,Hwang, Chung-Yeon,Kang, Jeong-Ran,Park, Joon-Young 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2005 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. It is disorder in which the body's immune system, attacks parts of the peripheral nervous system. It is characterized by the rapid onset of weakness, paralysis of the legs, arms, breathing muscles and face. But the analysis of CSF and electrical tests on nerve and muscle function can be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Most cases occur shortly after a viral infection. This is a clinical ease report on Cuillain-Barre Syndrome with diplopia. The patient, a 52-year-old man had a weakness in both legs and diplopia. His weakness and diplopia improved after oriental medical treatment, so this is reported as a potential treatment. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects on oriental medicine therapy on Guillain-Barre Syndrome with diplopia. Methods & Result: The Clinical data was analyzed on a patient with Cuillain-Barre Syndrome whose main symptoms were diplopia. The patient was treated by acupuncture and oriental medicine. As a result, symptoms was improved remarkably. Conclusion: The patient showed weakness and diplopia. After acupuncture and oriental medicine treatment, weakness and diplopia was improved in 4weeks after visit to clinic. The study suggests that oriental medicine treatment is effective on Cuillain-Barre Syndrome.

부산·경남지역 퇴적 점토의 함수비를 이용한 압밀정수 산정 연구

강성욱,김대환,김태형,정진교,주인곤,Sung-Uk Kang,Dae-Hwan Kim,Tae-hyung Kim,Chin-Gyo Chung,In-Gon Joo 한국지반신소재학회 2024 한국지반신소재학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

In this study, physical property tests and standard consolidation tests were conducted on the marine clay of Busan New Port and North Port, the middle and lower reaches of the Nakdong River including Gimhae and Yangsan, and Ulsan regions. The moisture content, a property unrelated to sample disturbance with small individual test errors, was used for regression analysis with the compression index, virgin compression index, consolidation coefficient, expansion index, and secondary compression index, among others. Subsequently, the correlation and accuracy were evaluated. Upon analyzing the correlation between the moisture content, void ratio, and liquid limit commonly used physical properties for calculating compression indexes, it was confirmed that the liquid limit had the lowest correlation. Through a linear regression analysis of the consolidation constants using the current moisture content in the natural state, a high correlation was demonstrated. Relationship equations were then presented to determine settlement and settlement time. This study suggests that moisture content can be utilized as an alternative for evaluating and calculating consolidation constants when examining ground settlement in sedimentary clays distributed in the Busan and Gyeongnam regions.

PVT 측정을 통한 비결정 고분자 ABS와 SAN의 압축률과 체적팽창 연구

강성욱,김성훈,Kang, Seong-Wook,Kim, Seong-Hun 한국섬유공학회 2007 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.44 No.5

The specific volume change of polymer occurs to various reactions of mechanical stress, chemical reaction, glass transition and crystallization and so on. In regular state, the specific volume of material as function of temperature and pressure is changed. The experimental and theoretical equations of state (EOS) are Tait equation and Simha-Somcynsky equation for amorphous polymer and Simha-Jain theory for crystalline polymer. This study carried out measurement of the specific volume as function of temperature and pressure using Gnomix pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) and the measured data were fitted two domain Tait equation. These results that the difference of the measured and calculated value were almost same less than 0.1% and 10 parameters which were obtained Tait fitting use to calculate compressibility and volumetric expansivity of amorphous polymers. The used ABS resins were same butadiene rubber content at 16 wt% but they had different rubber size. ABS1 consisted of only one rubber size and ABS2 consisted of two rubber sizes. The compressibility and volumetric expansivity of ABS1 was higher than those of BS2. However, for the difference of volumetric expansivity between 0 and 100 MPa, ABS2 was slightly lower than ABS1.

MMORPG에서 GFG 쇠퇴를 위한 현금거래 구매자 탐지 방안에 관한 연구

강성욱(Sung Wook Kang),이진(Jin Lee),이재혁(Jaehyuk Lee),김휘강(Huy Kang Kim) 한국정보보호학회 2015 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.25 No.4

온라인 게임의 인기가 증가하면서 희소성 있는 재화를 현금으로 바꾸는 RMT (Real Money Trade) 유저들이 증가하였고 이를 전문적으로 이용하는 게임 내 범죄 집단인 GFG (Gold Farming Group)이 나타났다. GFG는 게임재화를 수집하기 위해서 다수의 봇 계정이 필요한데, 이를 위해 명의 도용, 개인정보 유출 문제를 발생시키게 된다. 또한 현금거래를 유발시켜 게임 내 경제의 형평성을 파괴하고, 계정 도용, 아이템 탈취를 유발 시킨다. 따라서 GFG를 제거 및 차단하는 일은 사회적, 게임 내 관점에서 중요한 문제이다. 본 논문은 기존의 판매자 관점의 탐지가 아닌 수요공급의 원칙에 따라 현금거래 구매자를 탐지하는 근본적인 방안을 제시하였다. 실제 게임 데이터를 분석하여 두 가지의 RMT 형태를 발견하였고, 구매자 탐지의 재현율이 98% 이상을 보일 수 있었다. As the rise in popularity of online games, the users start exchanging rare items for real money. As RMT (Real Money Trade) is prevalent, GFG (Gold Farming Group) who abuse RMT shows up. GFG causes social problems such as identity theft, privacy leaks. Because they needs many bot characters to gather game items. In addition, GFG induce RMT that makes in-game problems such as a destroying game economy, account hacking. Therefore, It is very important work to collapse GFG at the perspective of social and in-game. In this paper, we proposed a fundamental method for detecting RMT buyers for the collapse of GFG at the perspective of buyer by Law of Demand and Supply. We found two type of RMT by analyzing actual game data and detected RMT buyers with high recall ratio of 98% by ruled-based detection.

강섬유 혼입 콘크리트의 방폭성능 해석연구

강성욱(Kang, SungWook),신재경(Shin, JaeKyoung),박종호(Park, JongHo),김정진(Kim, JungJin),이주호(Lee, JooHo),고주환(Koo, JooHwan) 한국콘크리트학회 2011 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

네트워크 디스크를 공유하여 SQL 서버의 대용량 스토리지 확보 방법 - Amazon EC2 Windows 환경에서 -

강성욱 ( Sungwook Kang ),최종선 ( Jungsun Choi ),최재영 ( Jaeyoung Choi ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.17 No.2

클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서 사용자는 중앙처리장치, 메모리, 네트워크, 저장 장치 등과 같은 인프라를 IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service) 서비스로 제공받을 수 있다. 저장 장치의 경우 서비스 제공자가 제공하는 물리적인 자원들의 인스턴스가 제공하는 저장 용량이 제한되어 있으므로, SQL 서버가 사용할 수 있는 최대 저장 용량을 지원할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 한정된 용량을 가진 인스턴스들의 네트워크 디스크를 공유하여 SQL 서버에서 사용할 수 있는 대용량의 저장소를 확보하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 실험을 통해 아마존 EC2 윈도우즈 환경에서 아마존 EBS 볼륨을 사용하는 하나의 인스턴스가 사용할 수 있는 최대 저장 용량을 초과하는 대용량 저장 공간을 확보할 수 있으며, SQL Server를 운영하는 아마존 클라우드 환경에서 디스크 용량 및 성능을 증가시켜 전체적인 SQL Server의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. Users are provided infrastructure such as CPU, memory, network, and storage as IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) service on cloud computing environments. However storage instances cannot support the maximum storage capacity that SQL servers can use, because the capacity of instances provided by service providers is usually limited. In this paper, we propose a method of securing mass storage capacity for SQL servers by sharing network disks with limited storage capacity. We confirmed through experiments that it is possible to secure mass storage capacity, which exceeds the maximum storage capacity provided by an instance with Amazon EBS on Amazon EC2 Windows environments, and it is possible to improve the overall performance of the SQL servers by increasing the disk capacity and performance.

히트싱크 및 히트 스프레더를 이용한 고밀도 발열 전자부품의 방열 구조에 관한 연구

강성욱(Sung-Wook Kang),김호용(Ho-Yong Kim),김진천(Jin-Cheon Kim) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11

Some electronics component, which is adopted as components of antenna for radar or satellite system and used for amplifing signals to transmit, is accompanied by very significant heat dissipation levels because of the inefficiencies inherent in radio frequency wave generation. So, proper cooling performance for that system is base requirement for thermal design. On this paper, we applied heat spreading structures to reduce thermal density and find the optimum values of heat sink design factors through theoretically, numerically and evaluated by product test. As the results, the performance of the cooling system shows the propriety of cooling high density heat dissipation electronics components.