푸틴 집권3기 러시아의 대외정책 -주요 지역과의 관계를 중심으로-

강봉구 대한정치학회 2013 大韓政治學會報 Vol.20 No.1

푸틴 집권3기에 유라시아지역의 ‘독자적 강대국’ 노선이라는 러시아 대외정책노선은 그대로 유지될 것이지만, 전혀 변화가 없는 것은 아니다. 2008년 국제금융위기의 충격 과 여파로부터 벗어나는 과정에서부터 대외전략의 강조점이 하나의 초점으로 맞추어지고 있는데, 그것은 ‘강대국으로서의 정상화 전략’이다. 서방에 대한 모스크바 대외정 책의 접근방법은 현안의 성격(제로-섬 혹은 윈-윈)에 달려 있으며, 태도는 서방이 푸 틴의 러시아를 어떻게 수용하고 대하는가에 달려있다. 러시아의 대외정책에서 비중이 더 커져가고 있는 중국은 G2체제의 한 축으로 부상하면서 국제세력관계의 구성과 배 열을 바꾸고 있다. 러시아는 중국의 총체적 국력이 미국과 대등한 수준에 근접하게 될 때까지는 이전처럼 중국과 긴밀한 ‘전략적 동반자’ 관계를 유지하면서, 사안에 따라 미 국과 중국 어느 한편에 ‘편승’하고 ‘균형’하는 유연한 전략을 지속할 것이다.

한국의 보수정치게임과 지배블록의 헤게모니

강봉구 경상대학교 1993 民族統一論集 Vol.1993 No.8

Conservative game of politics is the scheme of game which restricts the width of institutionalized politics and excludes non-institutionalized politics. Therefore only conservative trademarks are admitted to be sold among various labels in the conservative political market. In a single word, conservative game of politics is the form of political strategy which can reproduce political power easily and stably, in case the hegemony of ruling power is in fragile. From Park's regime to the presidential election in 1992, the major framework of the politics of institutional realm in Korea has showed up itself as the confrontation between conservative ruling party and opposition party. Conservative game of politics has been carried out by prime ruling strategy(the scheme of confrontation between two Kims)during the period of presidential election in both 1987 and 1992. It can be said that this scheme is the political expression of regionalism and parochialism The presidential election in 1987 was manipulated by the strategy of "divide and rule", and was the conservative game of politics which ruling power had great confidence in. The presidential election in 1992 is also the conservative game of politics that is not different from the pre-games. The political terrain of this election is the following; firstly, the "democracy VS. anti-democracy" front was collapsed, secondly, the ideology of anti-communism and anti-North Korea remained strongly. On the base of this political terrain, the regionalism reoccured made ruling power gain an overwhelming victory. Shortly, as in the case of two presidential elections the conservative game of politics which we have analized is the political outcomes of the passive hegemony of ruling bloc, and vice versa the passive hegemony of ruling bloc can be legitimatized and reproduced by the conservative game of politics. The ruling form of ruling bloc in Korea is summed up as passive and fragile hegemony, but relatively stable rule. The political faction of ruling bloc in Korea has to get hegemony not only inside the classes/factions of ruling bloc but in the level of whole society. The reasons ruling bloc in Korea can continually reproduce power, despite the passivity of hegemonic competence, are overgrown state apparatuses(especially the army)and ruling ideology. The main elements of ideological terrain in Korean politics are economic development and public welfare, liberal democracy, and anti-communism. As former two ideologies are, because of objective constraints, not useful to induce voluntary consent and support, the ruling power connot but depend upon the fuction and role of anti-communism. Therefore anti-communism is the main politico psychological base of operation in the conservative plitical game and the chief ground of ruling bloc hegemony. Shortly, the hegemony of ruling bloc could be characterized not by positivity and receptivity but by passivity and rejection. In view of present situation we could assume two variables which are able to bring about changes in the hegemonic system or ruling bloc. First hypothesis is that labor party is formed, represents workers' class interests, and organizes politically working mass who are scattered. Second hypothesis is that the substantial changes of South―North relations break down the passive hegemony system of ruling bloc. Actually the political consciousness of working mass and political leadership of workers' leading group are too weak to develop counter-hegemony which can erodes fragile passive hegemony of ruling bloc. And also unfeasible is the real changes of South―North relations, since both ruling power of South and North have primary concern in sustaining ruling power(especially authoritative and stiff leadership in North Korea's monocratic system cannot smoothly cope with these changes).

ECR 플라즈마 반응로의 설계변수 분석

강봉구,박성호,Gang, Bong-Gu,Park, Seong-Ho 한국전자통신연구원 1989 전자통신 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구에서는 초고집적 반도체소자의 제작을 위해 기존 건식 식각장비를 미래의 유명한 식각장비로서 부각될 ECR(Electron Cyclotron Resonance)형 플라즈마 식각기로의 구조 및 성능 개선을 위해 플라즈마 발생실, 이를 둘러싸는 자기장 형성코일, 그리고 공정반응실의 주요한 설계변수를 추출하여 이론적 계산에 의해 최적화함으로써, 차후 prototype ECR 건식 식각장치를 제작하기 위한 기반기술을 구축하였다.

비심인성 흉통에 대한 임상적 고찰

강봉구,유근식,이양균 大韓再活醫學會 1993 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.17 No.4

Bochner 곡률(曲率) tensor 가 영(零)인 Kaehler 다양체의 전측지적(全側地適) 긴밀부분 다양체의 무한소 극소변분(極小變分)에 관하여

강봉구 한국수학교육학회 1977 수학교육 Vol.16 No.1

자유주의 국제질서의 균열과 러시아의 주권적 국제주의

강봉구 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 러시아연구소 2019 슬라브연구 Vol.35 No.4

This article is aimed at forecasting the nature of the transition period of the international order, examining the intention of the Trump's “America First” policy on the backdrop of weakening of the “liberal international order(LIO)” and the position and status of Russia's sovereign internationalism emerging as an alternative to LIO and as a response to the transition period. Trump's “America First” policy is likely to be the product of strategic planning that inherits the traditional wisdom and strategic culture of “conservative internationalism,” one of the major trends in the history of US foreign strategy. The model of order that Russia has pursued as a response to the unilateral behaviors of the LIO is sovereign internationalism. It is closer to a partial revisionism rather than a “full-fledged” one in that it does not challenge the basic principles and core norms of the LIO, but insists on changing the way of its application and practice, claiming greater authority, leadership, and its share within LIO. The worldview and approach of sovereign internationalism are shared with BRICS, SCO countries, Iran and others. However, it is mainly limited to the spheres of international politics and security, and the role maintaining the norms and institutions in international trade, investment, and finance remains to be the share of the LIO. With this LIO playing a major role, it is expected that the transition period in which the alternative models of international order such as sovereign internationalism, mercantilist nationalism, and conservative internationalism would compete, conflict and coexist might be continued for a long time. 이 글은 ‘자유주의 국제질서(LIO)’의 약화를 배경으로 한 ‘미국 우선주의(America First)’ 정책의 의도, 기존 LIO에 대한 대안 모색이자 질서 이행기의 대응으로서 등장한 러시아의 주권적 국제주의의 입지와 위상을 검토하여 국제질서 이행기의 성격을 전망하는 데 목적이 있다. 트럼프의 ‘미국 우선주의’ 정책은 미국 대외전략사의 주요 흐름 중 하나인 ‘보수적 국제주의’의 전통적 지혜와 전략 문화를 계승한 전략적 기획의 소산일 가능성이 높다. LIO의 일방주의적 행태에 대응하여 2000년 대 중반 이후 러시아가 추구해온 질서 모델은 주권적 국제주의이다. 이것은 LIO의 기본 원칙과 핵심 규범들에 도전하는 것이 아니라, 그 적용, 운용 및 관리방식의 변화, LIO 내에서 더 큰 권위와 지도력, 자신에게 합당한 몫 등을 요구한다는 점에서, ‘충분히 성숙한’ 수정주의보다는 부분적 수정주의에 가깝다. 주권적 국제주의의 세계관과 접근방법은 BRICS, SCO 국가들 및 이란 등과 공유되고 있지만, 그것은 주로 정치와 안보 영역으로 국한되며, 국제 교역, 투자 및 금융 분야의 규범과 제도의 유지ㆍ보장자 역할은 여전히 LIO의 몫으로 남아 있다. 이처럼 LIO가 주된 역할을 수행하는 가운데, 주권적 국제주의, 중상주의적 국민주의, 보수적 국제주의 등 여러 대안적 질서 모델들이 경쟁하고 갈등하며 병존하는 이행기가 장기간 지속될 것으로 예상된다.

러시아 제6대 두마건조 결과분석 및 이후의 권력구조

강봉구 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 1996 신아세아 Vol.3 No.1

러시아와 우크라이나, 공생과 이별의 갈림길 우크라이나 사태와 세계정치의 추동력대지각변동과 가치투쟁

강봉구 한국외국어대학교 러시아연구소 2014 Russia & Russian Federation Vol.5 No.3

아두이노와 비콘을 활용한 자동 전원관리 시스템의 구현

강봉구,여준기,심재창 한국멀티미디어학회 2016 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.19 No.8

In this study, the system to manage the power automatically was implemented by using Arduino, Raspberry pi, and Beacon technologies. Before the research, pre-research was carried out with the analysis on the existing power management systems in the market in order to find a solution to reduce burdens from standby power and power waste with the increase of electric charges. The system is designed to be able to deliver and receive data through IEEE 802.15.4 wireless protocol, by using Xbee module. Arduino was tested to verify whether it is able to control SSR(Solid State Relay), and it was found that there is no problem. Meanwhile, it was also tested whether it is possible to organize a star topology network through Arduino and Raspberry Pi, and it was confirmed that normal wireless communication is possible through IEEE 802.15.4 wireless protocol. It is designed that the signal from Android smartphone application is to be delivered to Raspberry Pi and then, to be delivered to Arduino through Xbee so that Arduino could control SSR. In addition to this, wireless protocol required to control Arduino with Raspberry Pi is also designed and applied to this research.

외상성 뇌손상 후의 경련

강봉구,황지현,최 은,이양균 大韓再活醫學會 1995 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.19 No.4