石灰 , Fly Ash 및 볏짚재가 土壤에서 무우로 이행 蓄積되는 카드뮴과 납의 含量 減少에 미치는 影響

韓敦熙 한국환경과학회 1992 한국환경과학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of lime, fly ash and ash(from rice straw) on the cadmium and lead translocation from soil to radish. The soils with low metal contents(Cd 1.52 ppm and Pb 25.37ppm) were prepared and high metal contents (Cd 8.99 ppm and Pb 50.81ppm) were prepared and amended with 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% each of lime, fly ash and ash. Radishes(Raphanus sativus) were cultivated and cropped on the soils during 25, 50 and 75 days after sprout, and then cadmium and lead contents of radishes were analyzed by roots and tops. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Lime and ash were effective in raising the soil pH, but fly ash was not effective. 2. The growth of radishes were not impaired by the cadmium and lead contamination but, impaired by soil pH 7.5 or more. 3. Cadmium was accumulated very strongly in radishes and the greater concentration was found in than roots, but lead showed no evidence of accumulation in radishes. 4. In general, when the concentrations of lime and ash in soils increased, the uptake of cadmium and lead by radishes decreased, and lime was more effective than ash, while fly ash revealed no effect of reducing the translocation of cadmium and lead from soils to radishes. 5. The uptake of cadmium by radishes decreased more effectively than lead and the uptake of Cd or Ph by radishes grown in the soils with high metal contents decreased more effectively than low metal con tents. 6. Cadmium and lead contents of radishes were negatively correlated with soil pH values and the relationship in cadmium content was stronger than that in lead content.

호흡기보호구의 Fit Test 방법과 규정에 관한 고찰

한돈희,Willeke, Klaus,Colton, Craig E . 한국산업위생학회 1996 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Respirator fit testing is required before entering specific work environmentals to ensure that the respirator worn satisfies a minimum of fit and that the user knows when the respirator fits properly. The fit of a respirator can be determined by qualitative (QLFT) or quantitative fit test (QNFT). The QNFT, having been universally accepted more than the QLFT, provide an objective and numerical basis by measuring a fit factor (FF). Until a few years age, only one QNFT technique was available and accepted by U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations. In the 1980's and 1990's, several new and fundamentally different QNFT methods were developed. Two of the newer methods are commercially available and are accepted by OSHA as suitable alternatives. In this articles, the principle of operation of each ONFT technique is explained and each technique's major advantages and disadvantages are painted out. Emphasis is given to negative-pressure air-purifying respirators, as they are in most frequent use today. The requirements and recommendations for fit testing positive-pressure respirators are discussed as well. Finally, the presently available QNFT standards and regulations are summarized to assist the user in making fit testing decisions.

일부 탈지세척 및 도금공정 국소배기장치의 성능점검과 개선방안

한돈희 한국산업위생학회 1998 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.8 No.2

In order to evaluate and improve the performance of local exhaust ventilation systems for two TCE degreasing (A, B) and two electroplating (C, E) and one acid dipping & plating (D) operations located in Kimhae, the performance test was conducted with trace gases and a thermal anemometer (Kanomax 24-6111, Japan). For the inadequately designed systems, the improvement and redesigns in compliance with recommendation by ACGIH was suggested. The results of performance test for each system are as follows; 1. System of Workplace A was generally well-designed. Actual exhaust air flow rate was in excess of 68% above the recommended standard exhaust air flow rate. 2. System of Workplace B was very well-designed and completely enclosed. 3. All systems of Workplace C including hoods were poorly-designed and actual exhaust air flow rates were insufficient for open tanks. All systems should be upgraded according to ACGIH recommendations. 4. Supply and exhaust air flow rate of push-pull exhaust systems in Workplace D should be greatly increased. The width of flange of dipping tank hood should be increased with the value suggested. 5. System of Workplace E was well-designed. Actual exhaust air flow rate was in excess of 54% above the required.

Selection Guide to Wearing Respirators According to Work Situations and On-site Applicability

한돈희 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.4

Background: This study aims to introduce the formulation of the regulation for the selection of respirators for accident preparedness chemicals (APCs) according to chemical workplace situations and to determine on-site applicability. Methods: Workplaces were grouped into seven work categories, and APCs were classified into six groups to select adequate respirators. A survey was conducted to enhance the understanding of work situations and adequate respirators. The total number of subjects surveyed in 2018 was 201 managers and handlers, and that in 2019 was 91 handlers and 204 managers. Results: Adequate respirators were allocated to each cell using the matrix method. The study observed an overall lack of understanding of work situations, especially in the operation of open devices, which was the highest at 32.7%. Despite its implementation in 2015, 17.6% and 25.0% of the managers and APCs handlers, respectively, were unaware of the regulations for selecting respirators. Only 70.4% of the APCs handler wore respirators in compliance with regulations. Conclusion: The method for selecting respirators according to work situations using the matrix method is considered reasonable. Thus, this study suggests that the development of educational contents and reinforcing education should be essential steps to increasing awareness of regulations.

조선소 용접작업 중 오존 및 TVOCs의 노출평가와 사용 호흡보호구의 적합성

한돈희,김동환 한국산업보건학회 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the exposure to ozone and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) generated during welding work at a shipyard and recommend respiratory protective equipment (RPE) adequate against these hazards. Method: Ozone was collected for about 30 minutes at two-minutes intervals using a direct reading instrument, specifically an ozone analyzer (Serinus 10, Ecotech, Australia). TVOCs were collected for about 30 minutes at three-minute intervals using a portable GC (Alpha 115, Synspec BV, the Netherlands), and were determined simultaneously by area sampling at the welding plume closest to the welder’s breathing zone. The total measurements were 162 for ozone (CO2 welding 47, TIG 60, stick 55), and 136 for TVOCs (CO2 65, TIG 50, stick 21). Based on these measurements, a literature survey was conducted to assess the adequacy of RPE. Results: Relative to Korean OEL, measurements above STEL 0.2 ppm were 23.4% for CO2, 63.3% for TIG and 14.5% for stick welding. There were significant differences (p=<0.0001) among welding types. Compared with ACGIH peak exposure of 0.4 ppm for ozone, which is not applied in Korea, CO2 welding exceeded it by 10.6%, TIG by 40.0% and stick by 7.3%. Although it was not feasible to compare them directly since there are no Korean OEL, TVOCs had very high levels similar to the concentrations before moving into a new apartment and about 10-20 times the indoor air quality recommendations for some individual measurements. Conclusions: As ozone removal RPE has been recommended in welding environments for a long time (Lunau, 1967), this fact was demonstrated based on the results of the on-site work environment measurements (ozone and TVOCs). In conclusion, for all welding at a shipyard, gas/vapor and particulate combination RPE are recommended. If this is not possible, it should at least be present for TIG welding.

호흡기 보호구 착용시 움직임과 매일 착용에 따른 Fit Factors 의 변화

한돈희,Willeke, Klaus 한국산업위생학회 1996 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The fit of a respirator to the face of an individual can be determined by a qualitative fit test (QLFT) or a quantitative fit test (QNFT). The pass/fail decision from a QLFT or QNFT for the same respirator on the same individual may vary from one wearing to the next, because the human facial features are complex and the respirator may not fit to the face in the same way every time it is worn. This study reports how the fit factors (FF) resulting from a QNFT on an individual vary from day to day and depend on the movements in the six fit test exercises. The reported FFs provide an objective and numerical basis (FF) which does not depend on the subject's voluntary or involuntary response. Four half-mask (H1-H4) and four full-facepiece respirators (Fl-F4) were fit tested on one wearer 10 times a day for 5 days with a PortaCount (model 8010, TSI). The FFs obtained for each set of 10 fit tests on a specific day and 50 fit tests on five days involving one of the six exercise regimes have been recorded as log-normal distributions. All of the geometric standard deviations (GSD) of the overall FFs varied widely among every wearing and day except for H1 and F3, and the variability of the half-mask respirators was larger than that of the full-facepiece respirators. Among the six exercise regimes, reading or talking (RT) had markedly the lowest exercise FFs on the tested individual. Generally, there were significant differences between the first normal breathing (NB1) FFs and the remaining exercise FFs.

石灰, Fly Ash 및 볏짚재가 土壤에서 무우로 移行 蓄積되는 카드뮴과 납의 含量 減少에 미치는 影響

韓敦熙 인제대학교 1992 仁濟論叢 Vol.8 No.2

Greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of lime, fly ash and ash(from rice straw) on the cadmium and lead translocation from soil to radish. The soils with low metal contents(Cd 1.52 ppm and Pb 25.37ppm) were prepared and high metal contents (Cd 8.99 ppm and Pb 50.81ppm) were prepared and amended with 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% each of lime, fly ash and ash. Radishes(Raphanus sativus) were cultivated and cropped on the soils during 25, 50 and 75 days after sprout, and then cadmium and lead contents of radishes were analyzed by roots and tops. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Lime and ash were effective in raising the soil pH, but fly ash was not effective. 2. The growth of radishes were not impaired by the cadmium and lead contamination but, impaired by soil pH 7.5 or more. 3. Cadmium was accumulated very strongly in radishes and the greater concentration was found in tops than roots, but lead showed no evidence of accumulation in radishes. 4. In general, when the concentrations of lime and ash in soils increased, the uptake of cadmium and lead by radishes decreased, and lime was more effective than ash, while fly ash revealed no effect of reducing the translocation of cadmium and lead from soils to radishes. 5. The uptake of cadmium by radishes decreased more effectively than lead and the uptake of Cd or Pb by radishes grown in the soils with high metal contents decreased more effectively than low metal con tents. 6. Cadmium and lead contents of radishes were negatively correlated with soil pH values and the relationship in cadmium content was stronger than that in lead content. KEY WORDS : Cadmium, Lead, Translocation, Reduction, Lime, Fly Ash, Ash, Radish

환기가 불량한 실내공간에서, 담배연기에 의한 CO, $CO_2$, TVOC 및 에어로졸의 변화

한돈희,박수진,류지혜,Han Don-Hee,Park Soo-Jin,Ryu Ji-Hye 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Number of aerosol, CO, $CO_2$ and TVOC after one-, two-, three-cigarettes smoking were monitored with time every 10 minute for 180 minutes in the seminar room (volume $51.1m^3$) when poorly-ventilated. IAQ monitor (IAQRAE, model PGM-5210) and PortCount (TSI, model 8020) were used for monitoring. Aerosol was decreased with exponential decay equation and it was estimated that number of aerosol would be long suspended (one cigarette 75/cc. two cigarettes 66/cc, three cigarettes 141/cc by 8hrs after smoking). While CO was also decreased with exponential or linear decay equation and correlated with number of aerosol strongly, TVOC and $CO_2$ were increased with linear equation in accordance with time lag. Most of TVOC and $CO_2$ were above standard levels of Korean Indoor Air Quality (Ministry of Environment) without regarding number of cigarettes. When naturally ventilated, all of CO, $CO_2$ and TVOC concentrations were dramatically decreased below standard levels of Korean Indoor Air Quality.

Determination of Parathion Metabolite, p-Nitrophenolin Urine of Parathion Factory Workers

한돈희,정동균,신호상 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.5

Parathion is an organophosphate pesticide being legally applied for the purpose of agriculture and is being manufactured in Korea. A gas chromatography/mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of parathion urinary metabolite, p-nitrophenol. p-Nitrophenol was extracted from weak acidic urine, and then measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (selected ion monitoring). The recovery of p-nitrophenol in the overall procedure was 88.2%. The detection limit of the assay was 1.0 m g/L based upon assayed urine of 2.0 mL. The method was applied to the determination of p-nitrophenol in urine of workers of a parathion industry. Spot urines of workers of a parathion industry were sampled at the end of shift and p-nitrophenol was analyzed using above developed method. p-Nitrophenol could be detected in all of the urine samples at concentrations varying from 3.0 to 681 m g/L.

환경에서 동식물체로 이동하는 중금속의 이행축적량 감소를 위한 연구

한돈희 인제대학교 낙동강환경연구소 1993 심포지움(인제대학교 부설 환경연구소 발표논문집) Vol.- No.2