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아미노글리코사이드계 항생제의 투약간격에 따른 안전성 및 효과
이주은,김호순,신완균,조남춘,Lee, Ju Eun,Kim, Ho Soon,Shin, Wan Gyoon,Cho, Nam Chun 한국임상약학회 1998 한국임상약학회지 Vol.8 No.2
Improved knowledge of the time course of antimicrobial activity should provide useful information for designing optimal dosage regimen. In contrast to $\beta$-lactam, aminoglycosides tend to induce a prolonged postantibiotic effect against aerobic or facultative gram negative rods and clinical outcome was significantly correlated with achieving peak serum concentrations. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety of e same total daily dose of amikacin and gentamicin given either twice or thrice daily in the treatment of patients. Consecutive patients over 20 years old with a suspected or confirmed infection for which an aminoglycosides was indicated were eligible. Exclusion criteria were known allergy to aminoglycosides, renal impairment, granulocytopenia and pregnancy. Patients were treated with intravenous amikacin 15 mg/kg/day or gentamicin 4.5 mg/kg/day either in two devided or in three devided. Seventy-four patients with infection were enrolled in this study of amikacin twice daily (A2, n=29), gentamicin twice daily (G2, n=8) vs amikacin thrice daily (A3, n=30), gentamicin thrice daily (G3, n=7). Baseline characteristics were comparable in G2 and G3. The clinical cure rate (including partial improve) were $89.0\%\;and\;86.0\%$ in A2 group and A3 group respectively. The bacteriologic cure rate were $99.0\%\;and\;85.7\%$ in A2 group and in A3 group respectively. The clinical and bacteriologic effects were difficult to compare G2 with G3, because of the small numbers of patients. The serum creatinin rose in $3.44\%$ (1 in 29) of patients in the A2 group compared to $13.3\%$ (4 in 30) in e A3 group. Although audiometry was not performed, there was no clinical evidence of ototoxicity in any of the patients. In our opinion, twice-daily regimen of aminoglycosides is more effective and less nephrotoxic than thrice-daily regimen.
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우리나라 藥師人力需給에 關한 調査硏究 : -Analysis by Year and School- -特히 年次別 出身校別 現況을 中心으로-
趙南春 서울大學校 保健大學院 1969 公衆保健雜誌 Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this study is to provide data required for the formations of a pharmacist manpower planning, as a part of the medical manpower planning. As the result of surveys conducted during the period of May 1 to July 20, 1968 on a total of 10,116 pharmacists regularly registered in 1968, the following conclusion has been reached: 1. The number of pharmacists increased at a sharp annual rate recently inasmuch as the number of licensed pharmacists increased as expensively as 52 per cent during the five-year period of 1961 to 1965. The current trend of their number is expected to persist in the future because the number of pharmacist educational institutions has increased to 14 since the outback of the Korean war(in the 1950's) 2. the scope of the employment of pharmacists is extremely limited inasmuch as 69.8 per cent all pharmacists are engaged in the retail business of pharmaceuticals. 3. In terms of their areas of work, an overwhelming majority or 80.1 per cent of them are working in urban areas including Seoul. Improvement Plan: a. In order to keep the number of new graduate pharmacists at an appropriate level, the number of colleges of pharmacy and their graduates should be reduced gradually year after year. b. Due to their limited scope of employment as is clear from 69.8 per cent of them engaged in the retail business of pharmaceuticals, their supply will possibly surpass their demand in the limited scope of occupation. The curricula of colleges of pharmacy should be modified so that more pharmacists may work in public health projects, etc.
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남택종,남궁형욱,김향숙,박광준,박경호,조남춘,이근혁 한국병원약사회 1999 병원약사회지 Vol.16 No.1
Prednisolone (PD) has been used in various disease and as various doses according to disease or body weight in pediatrics. Young children (≤5 years) who cannot able to take the tablet is prescribed with pulves, but the taste of PD is so bitter that they are difficulty in taking this medicine. And it is difficult to take precise doses because of the unequalization of distribution, loss of drug when it is distibuted with pulves. So in this study, we developed PD syrups for easiness, exactness of distribution and evaluated the stability of prednisolone syrups. First, we made an preliminary experiments to evaluate the effect of exipients on the stability. We added EDTA (disodium edetate) to PD solutions (0.05%) and observed the slight changes of the contents. As a result, EDTA has an effect of stabilization. Besides, after added 40% sucrose and preservatives to PD solutions (0.05%), mixed each 10% glycerin, sorbitol, xylitol, propylene glycol (PG), and preserved for 6 days at 55℃, we analyzed the contents and compared the rate constant (k) and half-life (t_(1/2)). Because solutions added PG, glycerin is more stable, we observed the stability of the different concentrations of these exipients and established the appropriate concentrations of these exipients. We kept PD solutions containing citric acid for 7 days at 55℃ and evaluated the effect of the concentration of the citric acid. As a result, there is no difference less than 0.5% citric acid concentrations. Second, through this preliminary experiments we designed the preliminary formulations. To examine the stability of formulations which is containing alcohol and is not, formulations containing alcohol (RP1, RP2) and formulations not containing alcohol (RP3, RP4) were stored for 4 weeks at 30, 40, 60℃ and was measured by a stability-indicating HPLC. And we plotted the Arrhenius-plot. All samples were analyed in duplicate on each week of analysis. When extrapolated this straight line, we found that the shelf life (t_(90)%) of RPI was about 23.4 months, RP2 was about 2.5 months, RP3 was months and RP4 was about 7.4 months. We developed PD syrups successfully but thought that we hereafter would correct the bitter taste of prednisolone itself.
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포비돈 요오드(Betadine^(�)) 가글 희석액 1% 및 2%의 안정성과 살균효과에 대한 연구
심향미,박광준,조남춘 한국병원약사회 1999 병원약사회지 Vol.16 No.1
Idopor(providone iodine complex) is used prevention of microbial infection of skin and mucosa. Potadine has effects on some virus, fungus and most gram positive bacteria. Potadine has three kinds of formulations such as oral gargles, vaginal douches, general antiseptic solution. Our hospital use potadine solutions for gargle for child cancer patients to prevent from infection to oral mucosa in which normal flora have their colonies. We dispense 1% or 2% potadine gargle solution packaged with 300㎖ plastic bottles and used usually 7 days. We studied stability of iodine in solution of plastic bottle, glass bottle, cap opened or closed, concentration (1%, 2%), temperature conditions of room temperature or in refrigerator. The results is as follows. The packaging material, plastic or glass bottle has great effects on povidone iodine solution. The concentration of iodine, 1% diluted, plastic bottle without capping has greatly decreased to below 90% after 7 days laid in refrigerator. But stability of 2% potadine gargle solution in plastic bottle without capping is over 94%. So we should use 2% dilution potadine gargle solution instead of using 1% diluting solution. Packaging material is almostly unaffected for stability of iodine concentration. Stability of iodine gargle solution is not affected by room atmosphere and cool temperature(2-8℃). In vitro bactericidal activities are really excellent. Normal oral florae is disinfected almost completely in condition of contacting time over 30 seconds with potadine gargle solution.
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양은영,박광준,조남춘 한국병원약사회 1999 병원약사회지 Vol.16 No.1
In Korea, vigabatrin dosage form is only 500㎎ tablet. But children's doses are small, we cannot use it directly to children. We should crush it and packaged it with vinyl films for patients use. If we crush tablet to powder form, we should know about stability test result of vigabatrin powder dosage form. But we dont have stability results. We studied about stability of vigabatrin powdered form. We did two kinds of studies. One condition is light shield. We powdered vigabatrin and packaged it with vinyl films and inserted into light-shield package, and the others ate packaged without light-shield envelope. Powdered vigabatrin contents are not changed for 11 weeks. The results are 85∼110% contents, but the contents at 12 week is 60%. We should study about this result. Second conditions related temperature such as high temperature (37℃), room temperature (24∼30℃), cool temperature (4℃). The results are as follows. At high temperature condition, the content of vigabatrin at 12 weeks is 88.7%, room temperature 85.9%, cool temperature 86.4%. So we conclude that vigabatrin powder does not lose its strength from roomlight, high temperature, room temperature, cool temperature for 12 weeks.
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박영미,한현주,이병구,조남춘 한국병원약사회 1999 병원약사회지 Vol.16 No.4
For the last 2 years the amount of the narcotics prescriptions issued and narcotics used have been increased by 17.4% and 53.7% each. The subjective range of the patients under PCA and the variety of narcotics are increasing ad well. The importance of narcotics requires more time and energy to manage them. Therefore this study is focused upon the necessity simplify the pharmacist's control steps for narcotics and to establish a standard of the additional cost which occurs from the work.
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