SAW 가스센서의 제작 및 특성

전춘배,박효덕,최동한,이덕동 ( C . B . Jun,H . D . Park,D . H . Choi,D . D . Lee ) 한국센서학회 1994 센서학회지 Vol.3 No.1

112 rot. x-cut LiTaO₃ wafer was used as the substrate of SAW gas sensor. Dual delay line SAW device with IDTs ,which consist of the reference delay line and the sensing delay line was fabricated using photolithigraphy. Each IDTs had 10 forger pairs and finger spacing is 10 microns. One delay line channel is the reference, while the second is the sensing channel with Pb-phthalocyanine film in the propagation path. Pb-phthalocyanine film which is p-type organic semiconductor was evaporated in 10^(-5) torr vacuum using shadow mask selectively. Dual delay line oscillator was constructed by using the rf amplifier and AGC. Frequency of the IDTs had the range of 87-89 MHz oscillation frequency. Oscillation frequency shifts were investigated as a function of the temperature and the concentration of NO₂ gas.

8YSZ 기판에 증착한 $\textrm{WO}_3$ 박막의 DC 전압에 따른 $\textrm{NO}_X$ 감지특성

전춘배,박기철 대한전자공학회 1999 電子工學會論文誌-T Vol.t36 No.1

산소이온 펌핑효과를 나타내는 8% 이트리아가 함유된 ZrO\sub 2\ 이온 전도체를 기판으로 하여 그 위에 NO\sub x\가스에 대해 감지효과를 갖고 있는 것으로 알려져 있는 WO\sub 3\산화물 반도체를 사용하여 박막시편을 제작하였다. 각 소자의 NO\sub x\ 가스에 대한 전기적 특성과 열처리 온도에 따른 미세구조의 변화를 조사하였고, 특히 8YSZ 기판에 가해준 전압에 의한 NO\sub x\ 가스 감지의 증대효과를 조사하였다. 열처리 온도에 따른 WO\sub 3\ 박막표면의 SEM사진의 분석에서 열처리하지 않은 WO\sub 3\ 박막은 비결정질 상태이지만 600℃이상의 열처리 온도에서 결정화가 이루어졌고 사방경계상의 WO\sub 3\ 피크가 나타났으며 온도가 증가함에 따라 (111)면과 (001)면이 특히 많이 성장하였다. 측정온도 400℃에서 8YSZ 기판에 전압을 가하지 않았을 때보다 전압을 가하였을 경우가 더 안정되고 더 큰 응답을 보였으며, 특히 2V 일 때가 가장 높은 감도를 나타내었다. 그리고 NO\sub 2\ 가스보다 NO 가스에 대한 회복특성이 훨씬 우수했다. $\textrm{WO}_3$ semiconductive film, which is known to have a sensitivity on $\textrm{NO}_X$ gas was prepared on 8YSZ (8% Yttria stabilized $\textrm{ZrO}_2$) ionic conductor substrate that has oxygen ion pumping effect. Microstructure and electrical properity, especially $\textrm{NO}_X$ sensitivity as a function of DC voltage applied to 8YSZ substrate was examined. When the $\textrm{WO}_3$ film was annealed, it showed amorphous structure, while crystallization was occurred at $600^{\circ}$C revealing orthorhombic phase of $\textrm{WO}_3$. As the annealing temperature increases, (111) and (001) peaks of $\textrm{WO}_3$ film was enhanced. At $400^{\circ}C$ when DC voltage was applied, comparing with no DC bias, more stable and large response characteristics was showed, and the best sensitivity was observed at 2V. Recovery characteristics of NO gas was much better that that of $\textrm{NO}_2$ gas.

무주어문

전춘배 신한영미어문학회 1999 새한영어영문학 Vol.41 No.-

In spoken familiar English, we will notice that words are omitted from the beginning of a sentence, such as a pronoun subject and/or an auxiliary verb. This type of omission, which is called 'subjectless sentences' is a relatively neglected area in the studies of ellipsis and there are not very many systematic studies of this phenomenon. This paper concentrates mainly on the formal classification of various ellipsis types, based on the data collected from several listening and speaking textbooks and film scripts, and on the conditioning factors, which are syntactic, semantic, phonological and discourse-pragmatic. The ellipted words correspond to a nonconstituent in the full sentence, normally occur before the onset of a tone unit and hence have weak stress and low pitch, which relates to the fact that they have a low information value within the discoursal context. Many words that have a low information value are often reduced or deleted particularly in the spoken English. The auxiliaries which can be deleted in this way are limited to do, have and be: In declaratives if the subject is not deleted, the auxiliary can not be deleted. In yes-no questions, on the other hand, the deletion of the subject appears to be contingent on deletion of the auxiliary, in the sense that deletion of the subject is optional if the auxiliary is deleted. I present here the arguments that it may be appropriate to ascribe the omission of the subject and/or auxiliary in the subjectless sentences to information status on the discourse-pragmatic level, at least in part to stress and some other reductive process on the phonological level or to the definiteness on the semantic level or to the constituent on the syntactic level.

일반인과 뇌졸중 편마비 환자의 연령별 선 자세에서 눕기 시 동작유형의 비교

전춘배,김상진,김중선,Jeon, Chun-Bae,Kim, Sang-Jin,Kim, Chung-Sun 대한물리치료학회 2011 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.23 No.5

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the movement patterns when lying from an erect stance to a supine position of healthy adults and hemiplegia patients in the age group from 50 to 70. Methods: The subjects used in this study were 230 patients (144 healthy adults and 86 hemiplegia patients). Movement patterns were classified using categorical descriptions of the action of three body regions: the upper extremity, lower extremity, and the head-trunk region. Results: In the most common supine lying position in healthy adults (29.7%), the female fifties age group performed a symmetrical pattern using the upper extremity region, a symmetrical squat pattern using the lower extremity region, and a symmetrical pattern using the head-trunk region (1-1-1). However, in the most supine lying position in hemiplegia patients (32.0%), the female sixties age group usually performed this pattern by using the upper extremity and lower extremity regions in a squat position by raising the leg, and performing rotation of the head-trunk region (3-4-3). Conclusion: Using this clinical therapy, and considering the patients ability to exercise when lying from an erect stance to a supine position, the proper care could be provided. Moreover, this therapy introduces action based on a variety of training methods and on the effects which might result from any changes.

대용어 ONE의 구조와 기능에 관한 연구

전춘배 釜山水産大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

Chomsky 통어론의 발전과정

전춘배 釜山水産大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

Chomsky 교법이론의 주제 분석

전춘배 釜山水産大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

Chomsky 文法理論의 主題 分析

田春培 釜山水産大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The purpose of this paper is an attempt to evaluate Chomsky's central conception of generative grammar to accomplish a better study of languages as well as to understand GG itself and its criticism. Chomsky's aim of Linguistice is (i) to develop a Theory of Language, and (ii) to develop a Theory of Language Acquisition. In the view-point that Language is a reflection of human mind, a grammar of a language is a model of the linguistic competence of the fluent native-speaker of the language. Chomsky also seeks to integrate his proposed Theory of Markedness and Core Grammar into his associated Theory of Language Acquisition. The fact that Chomsky made idealizations is not in itself open to criticism but a central problem in the idealization is that of congruence, namely that of establishing a clear relation between the idealized object and the unidealized one. Chomsky at the outset made a number of ill-justified idealization. Probably no notion with generative grammar has aroused more controversies than the competence/performance distinction. It seems a theoretically valid distinction, but it raises certain practical difficulties. Competence is contrasted with performance which is considered as its imperfect reflection and excluded among the objects in the study of language. A more serious problem that arises with Chomsky's conception of a grammar as a model of the linguistic intuitions concerns disagreements among native speakers about the well-formedness or structure of particular sentences. Chomsky himself says Linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener in a completely homogeneous speech community. But this is plainly not the case: all native speakers have their own idiolect and there are, of course, dialect and sociolect within society. Chomsky also believes that syntax, semantics, and phonology should all three be treated as autonomous of each other and studied independently. What is of more direct concern to us is his consistence that syntax should be studied without reference to semantics: This is known as the autonomous syntax. In principle, the dividing line between syntax and semantics seems clear enough but it's impossible to distinguish one from the other. For example, consider the following: We respect himself. In pre-1970 work in GG, the above sentence would undoubtedly have been considered ungrammatical; but in post-1970 work, it would be considered grammatical, but unsemantic. GG must meet three criteria of adequacy: observational, descriptive and explanatory adequacy. Linguistic theories (or grammars) can only attain explanatory adequacy, if they are based on a maximally constrained, psychologically plausible, universal set of general principles. But recalling the definition of a descriptively adequate grammar as one that gives a correct account of the native speaker's intrinsic competence,, it is rather hard to see how there could be more than one such correct account. Therefore the level of explanatory adequacy seems to have no real function within the theory of generative grammar. To summarize, the different direction of syntactic investigation arises from the different viewpoint of language which has its complicated system and function. These studies of language from various different perspectives, in a sense, are mutually complementary to find out the very nature of language but it seems that they can not be easily incorporated into a theory.

Tough-Movement에 관해서

전춘배 釜山水産大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

대퇴골 간부 골절시 사용한 금속물의 금속부전(Metal failure)의 기전에 대한 연구

인주철,안면환,안종철,서재성,전춘배 영남대학교 의과대학 1990 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.7 No.1

1983년 5월부터 1989년 9월까지 본 영남의료원 정형외과에 대퇴골 간부골절시 사용한 금속 내 고정물의 금속 부전으로 입원한 경우 중 부전된 금속의 표면관찰이 가능한 8례에 대한 임상적 고찰 및 부전된 금속 파손 표면의 관찰을 통해 확인한 파손 원인을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 금속 부전이 발생 내고정물의 종류는 압박 금속판 5례, Jewett nail 1례, Rowe plate screw 1례, interlocking nail 1례였다. 2. 금속 부전의 임상적 추정에 의한 원인으로는 반대편 피질골 결손 5례, 부적절한 위치선정 1례 및 부적절한 금속선택 1례였다. 3. 금속 내고정후 금속 부전이 되기까지의 기간을 보면, 4개월이 1례, 6개월에서 12개월사이가 6례, 3년이 1례였다. 4. 부전된 내고정물의 파손면 관찰을 통해 학인한 금속부전의 원인을 보면, 첫째, impact failure 1례 둘째, fatigue failure 6례 machining mark가 있어 이것이 stress riser로서 역할을 한 것으로 보이는 경우가 4례였으며, 이의 형태는 low consistent cyclic fatigue failure와 irregular cyclic fatigue failure의 형태를 관찰할 수 있었다. 셋째, Stress corrosion crack 1례를 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. 316L Stainless Steel은 내부식성이 좋은 금속이지만 fretting에 의해 특유의 부동태 피막이 손상되면 pitting corrosion을 일으키며 경우에 따라서는 파손의 기점으로 작용되어 failure의 주요 원인이 되기도 한다. 6. screw hole의 가공시 기계에 의한 손상 및 기구(implant) 제조 과정중 손상이 plate의 failure를 유발하는 중요한 원인이 될 수도 있다. 기계에 의한 손상은 응력을 집중시키므로 plate가 파손되기 쉽게 한다. 이상의 결과 임상적 추정에 의한 원인 이외에도 부전된 금속파손면 관찰을 통해 중요한 다른 원인을 찾을 수 있었으므로, 금속부전의 예방을 위해 앞으로 이 방향으로의 계속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The author fractographically analyized the cause of metal failure(the first time this procedure has been used for this metal failure)and also analyized it clinically. In this study, I selected eight cases which have been analyized fractographically. In all these cases, the analysis was done after treatment of metal failure of implants internally fixed to femur shaft fractures at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeung-Nam University Hospital during the six year period from May 1983 to September 1989. 1. Metal failure occured in five dynamic-compression plates, one Jewett nail, one screw in Rowe plate, and one interlocking nail. 2. The clinical cause of metal failure was deficiency of medial butress in five cases, incorrect position of implant in one case, and incorrect selection of implant in two cases. 3. The time interval between internal fixation and metal failure was four months in one case, between five months to twelve months in six cases, three years in one case. 4. The fractographically analytical cause of metal failure was ; first, impact failure, one case, second, fatigue failure, six cases, machining mark(stress liser), four cases type : low consistent cyclic fatigue failure irregular cyclic fatigue failure third, stress corrosion crack, one case. 5. 316L Stainless Steel has good resistance to corrosion. However, when its peculiar surface film is destroyed by fretting, it shows pitting corrosion. This is, perhaps, the main cause of metal failure. 6. It is possible that mechanical injury occured in implants during the manufacturing of implants or that making a screw hole is the main cause of metal failure.