시금치 周年栽培에 関한 研究

林栽星(Lim J.S.),崔柄澐(Choi B.W.),安在勳(Ahn J.H.),朴奉圭(Park B.K.) 한국원예학회 1989 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.7 No.2

Incoloy 909 합금의 최적 알루미나이징 확산 코팅

권순우(S.W. Kwon),윤재홍(J.H. Yoon),주윤곤(Y.K. Joo),조동율(T.Y. Cho),안진성(J.S. Ahn),박봉규(B.K. Park) 한국표면공학회 2007 한국표면공학회지 Vol.40 No.4

An Fe-Ni-Co based superalloy Incoloy 909 (Incoloy 909) has been used for gas turbine engine component material. This alloy is susceptible to high temperature oxidation and corrosion because of the absence of corrosion resistant Cr. For the improvement of durability of the component of Incoloy 909 aluminizing-chromate coating by pack cementation process has been investigated at relatively low temperature of about 550℃ to protect the surface microstructure and properties of lncoloy 909 substrate. As a previous study to aluminizing-chromate coating by pack cementation of Incoloy 909, the optimal aluminizing process has been investigated. The size effects of source AI powder and inert filler Al₂O₃ powder and activator selection have been studied. And the dependence of coating growth rate on aluminizing temperature and time has also been studied. The optimal aluminizing process for the coating growth rate is that the mixing ratio of source Al powder, activator NH₄Cl and filler Al₂O₃ are 80%, 1% and 19% respectively at aluminizing temperature 552℃ and time 20 hours.

Boro-Nitriding 처리한 FC-25계 편상흑연주철의 표면특성에 관한 연구

허인창,손근수,윤재홍,조동율,박봉규,김현수,김인수 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

Surface properties and oxidation behaviors were studied for FC-25 gray cast iron (GCI), plasma nitrided FC-25 GCI (P-N GCI), powder boronized FC-25 GCI (B GCI) and powder boronized N GCI (B-N GCI). A boride (Fe2B, FeB) layer with a tooth shape was formed by boronizing GCI at temperatures of about 650℃. The thickness and hardness of the layers were proportional to the boronizing temperature and time. The hardness was decreased by increasing boronizing depth. The activation energy for boride formation was 73.8kJ/mol. The thickness of the graphite layer formed by boronizing was increased by the temperature and time. A silicon layer insoluble in borides was accumulated under the boride layer. The major phases were Fe4N, Fe3N and FeN in a nitride layer formed by plasma. The thickness and hardness of the layer were increased with nitriding temperatures and time under the Fe4N decomposition temperature of 680℃. The hardness was maximum at the surface and decreased with nitrided depth on B-N GCI at 700℃, above the decomposition temperature of the Fe4N. Hardness of B-N GCI at the layer depth of 10 ㎛ was ≒1000Hv, which was lower than ≒1500Hv of the B GCI at the same condition. Also the layer thickness was 50 ㎛; deeper than that of B GCI by 10 ㎛ The reasons were that the nitrogen given off by the decomposition made the layer porous and facilitated the diffusion of oxygen and other reactants. The samples were oxidated at 800℃ for 48hrs under atmospheric air. Oxidation rate was in decreasing order of N GCI, GCI, B GCI and G-N GCI. Oxidation rates were greatly influenced by the diffusion of nitrogen formed by Fe4N decomposition over the decomposition temperature of 680℃ and by the oxidation barrier of the less corrosive boride layer.

忠南地域 自生春蘭의 分布와 氣象要素

鄭吉雄,李武鉉,金榮七,朴奉圭 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1994 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

忠南地域에 自生하고 있는 春蘭의 各 地域別 分布를 調査하고 氣象環境 중 自生春蘭에 影響을 주는 要因을 分析, 檢討하여 얻은 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 自生春蘭의 分布가 많은 地域은 安眠島를 中心으로 하여 保寧, 泰安, 瑞山, 洪城地域 順이었고, 內陸地域인 靑陽, 禮山地域도 比較的 分布가 많았으며 점차 그 分布가 擴大되고 있는 傾向이었다. 2. 春蘭 自生에 가장 크게 影響을 주는 氣象要素인 1월 중순 最低平均氣溫은 海岸地域인 瑞山과 大川이 各各 -6.8℃, -6.6℃로 內陸地域인 錦山, 儒城의 -8.8℃, -9.6℃보다 높게 나타났고, -8℃以下의 異積日數는 瑞山, 大川이 1∼2일인데 비하여 錦山, 儒城은 30日 以上이 었으며, 春蘭自生의 限界溫度는 -8℃ 程度로 推定된다. 3. 平均 風速은 瑞山이 2.28m/s로 錦山 1.34m/s보다 빠르게 나타났다. 4. 氣象要素중 最低溫度은 平均 및 最高氣溫, 相對濕度, 蒸氣壓, 구름量, 降水量, 蒸發量 등에 正의 相關關係가 있었고, 日較差와는 負의 相關關係를 나타냈다. 5. 自生春蘭의 分布程度가 많은 地域은 保寧, 泰安, 瑞山, 洪城, 舒川 順이었고, 內陸地域인 錦山, 燕崎, 論山地域은 거의 分布하지 않았다. 6. 各 地域別로 自生春蘭의 分布程度는 忠南地域 緯度와의 相關關係는 認定할 수 없었으나, 經度와는 -0.329**(n=172, p<0.01)로 負의 相關關係를 나타내었다 These studies were carried out to investigate the distribution of wild Cymbidium virescens Lindl in Chung-nam, Korea, and to analyse the meteorological elements among locations where have local meteorological observatory. Well-adapted areas of C. virescens were Anmyun island, Poryeong, Taean, Seosan, Hongseong in the west sea area. In the location with mountainous area, adapted areas of C. virescens were Cheongyang, Yesan and its distributions much more increased. Minimum air temperature of mid-January, an important meteorological element of limitation factor on habitat of C. virescens, were higher Seosan and Taechun observed -6.8℃, -6.6℃ respectively than Keumsan and Yuseong observed -8.8℃, -9.6℃repectively. Sum of days below -8℃ were calculated 1 to 2 days at Secosan and Tachun, and were calculated more 30 days at Keumsan and Yuseong. Limited minimum air temperature of mid-January on habitat of C. virescens were predicted -8℃. Average wind speed was more fast Seosan observed 2.28m/s than Keumsan observed 1.34m/s. Minimum air temperature was signification of positive correlation coefficient among average and maximum air temperature, relative humidity, vapour pressure, cloud cover, precipitation, evaporation, but negative correlation coefficient about diurnal change. The locations of densely habitat degree were observed Poryeong, Taean, Seosan Hongseong and Seochun located in the west sea areas. Keumsan, Yeongi and Nonsan located in the mounatainous areas were not or nearly habitat of C. virescens. The latitudinal habitat degree of C. virescens was very signification of correlation coefficient calculated -0.329**(n=172, p < 0.01) but the longitudinal habitat degree was not signification of correlation coefficient.

忠南西部 海岸地域 春蘭自生地의 地理的 및 生態的 特性과 自生春蘭의 生育相

朴奉圭,李武鉉,鄭吉雄 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1993 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-

These studies were carried out to investigate the distribution of wild Cymbidium verescens Lindl adapted in the west sea areas, Chung-nam, Korea, and to indentify the geological and ecological characteristics of habitated areas of C. verescens, and to observe some growth characteristics of C. verescens. Well-adapted areas were whole area of Anmyun island in Taean county, Busuk-myun in Seosan county, Seobu-myun in Hongsung county, and Chunbuk-myun, Ochun-myun, Jupo-myun, Namop-myun, Wungchun-myum and Jusan-myun in Poryung county. Wild C. verescens was much more observed in the sea shore areas that directions were East, West and South, and well adapted at special areas around valleies and reservoirs, where heavy accumulation of falling leaves was shown in the mountainous areas. Tall trees, Pinus densiflora and Quercus acutissima, were observed to dominate in the well-adapted areas of C.verescens, and density of short trees, shrubs, were shown average 34.3 plants in 25m²at mountain Jogae. The plant height of wild C.verescens was measured in average 38.5㎝ and below 1㎝ of leaf width. Pod length, diameter, fresh weight were shown 55.6±8.1㎜, 18.6±2.8㎜, and 4.70±1.52g, respectively. The seed was observed very small size, and its weight per pod was shown 432.1±202.9㎎. Yong shoot was directly emerged from rhizome tip, and occasionally after forming several nodes. The roots were observed to elongate well in the soil surface covered with leaves.

忠南地域 自生春蘭의 開花特性과 몇 가지 量的形質間의 相關關係

朴奉圭,李武鉉,金榮七 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1995 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

忠南地域 自生春蘭의 開花 特性을 調査하고 몇 가지 量的形質間 相關關係를 分析함으로써 春蘭 꽃의 觀賞에 필요한 基礎資料를 얻고자 遂行하여 얻은 몇 가지 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 自生春蘭 꽃의 特性은 ①株當 花莖數는 平均 3.60個였고, 1個 花莖數 2個의 꽃이 開花한 株의 比率도 7.14% 程度 되었고, ②花莖長은 平均 17.18㎝程度되었고, 그 範圍는 11.40∼24.80㎝였으며, ③ 꽃의 가로 幅과 세로幅은 平均的으로 各各 57.10, 32.55㎜로 나타나서 가로 幅에 대한 세로 幅의 比率은 57%程度 되었다. ④平均 主瓣의 길이는 30.02㎜, 幅은 10.13㎜, 副瓣 길이는 30.65㎜, 幅은 9,62㎜, 捧心의 길이는 22.25, 幅은 7.58㎜, 舌瓣의 길이는 14.04㎜, 幅은 8.23㎜, 鼻頭의 길이는 16.69㎜, 幅은 4.69㎜였다. 2. 花型은 71.4%가 大部分이 平肩피기로 나타났고, 落肩피기는 20%, 上向피기는 8.57%로 나타났다. 3. 花色은 짙은 綠色이 2.86%, 綠色은 32.86%, 엷은 綠色은 41.43%, 연둣빛 綠色은 15.71%로 自生狀態에서의 花色은 一般的으로 엷은 綠色으로 나타났다. 4. 葉幅은 主·副瓣幅, 捧心幅, 鼻頭幅에 正의 相關關係가 認定되었고, 가로 花幅과 세로 花幅은 꽃잎의 길이(主·副瓣長, 捧心長)에 正의 相關關係를 나타내었다. These studies were carried out to investigate the characteristics of flower and correlation coefficients between some quantitative characters on wild Cymbidium virescens Lindl in Chung-nam, Korea. No. of flower stem per plant was 3.60 on average and frequency of two flower per plant was shown to be 7.14%. Length of flower stem was 17.18㎝ on average. Width and length of flower were shown to be 57.10, 32.55㎜ on average, respectively, and ratio of length about width were calculated to be 57%. The size of dorsal, lateral, petal, lip, and column was variousness. Among flower type, horizontal, drooped, and other were shown to be 7.43, 20,00, and 7.14%, respectively. Leaf width showed a significant positive correlation with width of dorsal, lateral, petal and column, and both width and length of flower were also significantly positive correlated with flower length(length of dorsal, lateral and petal).

自生春蘭 葉變異體의 chimera的 特性

朴奉圭,李武鉉 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1997 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

These studies were carried out to investigate the chimeral characteristics of leaf variegation on wild Cymbidium virescens Lindl in Korea. The microscopic observation of mesophyll cell from variegated leaf in C. virescens indicated that the green cell contained chloroplast but white cell lacked chloroplast. Mixed tissues consisted of both green and white cells. The combination of these cells may from various variegated leaves in C. virescens. Periclinal chimeras of various variegated leaves in C. virescens could be classified into 27 types. GGG was come from normal leaf type. GWW and GWG could describe leaf type of large central pellucidity streak, and streak between marginal and central.MGG and MMM could describe leaf type of top mixed streak, and whole mixed streak. WGG and WWW could define leaf type of marginal streak, and whole pellucidity. It appeared that sectorial chimeras of variegated leaves in C. virescens could be due to one-side variegation of leaf, and mosaic chimeras of variegated leaves might classify into 3 forms, foggy mosaic, mosaic, and mosaic with dot and/or net.

최고농업경영자과정 평가 및 발전방안

김영철,김계웅,정용문,최병익,박봉규 공주대학교산업개발연구소 2000 産業開發硏究 Vol.8 No.-

FC-25계 회주철의 이온질화처리에 따른 표면특성

허인창,손근수,윤재홍,조동율,박봉규,김현수,김인수 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

Surface properties and high temperature oxidation behaviors were investigated for FC-25 Gray Cast Iron(GCI) and the plasma nitrided FC-25 GCI(N GCI). The optimum nitriding conditions for the maximum hardness of 560∼575Hv were N2 /H2 ratio of 3/1, working pressure of 3 torr, and working temperature of 575℃ for 6~18hrs. The thickness of graphite in the GCI was increased by increasing the working temperature from 525℃ to 595℃ for the nitriding time of up to 18hrs. The thickness of nitride was increased with increasing working time. The relationship was d=kt^(1/2), the Arrhenius plot for InK vs 1/T showed that the activation energy for the nitride formation was 107.6kJ/mol for the temperature range of 798oK to 868oK (525℃ to 595℃). XRD showed FeO, Fe₂O₃peaks for both the oxidized N GCI and GCI at temperatures of 600℃ and 800℃ at atmospheric environment for both 24hrs and 60hrs. At 800℃, above the Fe4N decomposition temperature of 680℃, the oxidation rate of N GCI was greater than that of GCI. The most abundant nitride of Fe₄N was decomposed and nitrogen gas given off by the decomposition, resulted in the protective film porous by degassing through the film. But at 600℃, below the decomposition temperature, the degree of oxidation of N GCI was lower than that of GCI because the nitride film worked as protective barrier for oxidation.