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안혜숙,강희웅,한현섭,박중연,명정인,안철민 한국유전학회 2014 Genes & Genomics Vol.36 No.4
The tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, is animportant fishery resource in Korea. About 100 tongue solesampled from three major habitats along the western coast ofKorea were assessed using multiplex assays with 12 highlypolymorphic microsatellite loci to explore the populationgenetic structure of the species; 151 alleles and similar highlevels of gene diversity (mean number of alleles(NA) = 10.42, mean expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.78)were detected. Three populations showed significant Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium deviations at four loci. Although asignificant difference in the number of unique alleles wasobserved among populations, genetic population subdivisionwas low by F-statistics (overall FST = 0.007, p\0.05). However, this substructure was not supported by analysis ofmolecular variance or analyses of isolation by distance. Theresults suggest a lack of genetic structure among the tonguesole populations in Korean waters and that the populationsshould be managed as a single unit. The lack of geneticdifferentiation among samples may be due to high levels oflarval dispersal in ocean currents. Alternatively, the populationsmay have diverged too recently for significant geneticdifferentiation to have become evident. Given the intensityof tongue sole aquaculture activity in China, which adjoinsthe western coast of Korea, the possibility that aquaculturemay have partially contributed to the population geneticcharacteristics detected cannot be excluded. This studyprovides the basic information on nature population structureof C. semilaevis that may help to preserve and manage tonguesoles in Korea.
안혜숙,김은미,명정인,안철민 한국유전학회 2014 Genes & Genomics Vol.36 No.6
The common squid, Todarodes pacificus, is animportant fisheries species, but fluctuations in its abundanceand its reproductive biology are poorly understood. To enable sustainable management of this resource, 21novel polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated usingan enrichment method based on the magnetic/biotin captureof microsatellite sequences from a size-selectedgenomic library. To characterize each locus, 48 individualsfrom a natural T. pacificus population from the westerncoastal waters of Korea were genotyped. All of themicrosatellite loci were highly polymorphic with 10–32alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygositiesranged from 0.417 to 0.917 and 0.791 to 0.965,respectively. The high variability revealed in this studysuggests that the microsatellite markers could be a usefultool for future conservation genetics studies and for thesustainable exploitation of this resource.
안혜숙,홍성완,김은미,이정호,노재구,김현철,박철지,민병화,명정인 한국통합생물학회 2010 Animal cells and systems Vol.14 No.4
Pacific abalone Haliotis discus discus is an important fisheries resource in Jeju, Korea. For basic information about its current genetic status in relation to stock enhancement, the level and distribution of genetic variation between wild and released stocks of Pacific abalone in Jeju were examined at nine cross-species microsatellite markers including the use of two novel primers. High levels of polymorphism were observed between the two populations. A total of 146different alleles were found at all loci, with some alleles being unique. The allelic variability ranged from five to 27 in the wild population and from four to 16 in the released sample. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were estimated to be 0.74 and 0.84 in the wild sample and 0.70 and 0.78 in the released sample, respectively. Although a considerable loss of rare alleles was observed in the released sample, no statistically significant reductions were found in heterozygosity or allelic diversity in the released sample compared to the wild population. Low but significant genetic differentiation was found between the wild and released populations. These results suggest that the intensive breeding practices for stock enhancement may have resulted in a further decrease in genetic diversity, and that the cross-species microsatellite markers used in this study represent a potentially efficient means for further genetic studies, providing beneficial information for the protection and management of H. discus discus.
안혜숙,이장욱,김우진,임현정,김은미,변순규,허영백,박정연,명정인,안철민 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.6
The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is the most important and valuable commercial fishery species in Korea. Its farming started 20 years ago and is still rapid expansion in Korea. In this study, to maintain the genetic diversity of this valuable marine resource, possible genetic similarity and differences between the wild population and hatchery population in Tongyeong, Korea were accessed using multiplex assays with nine highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. A total of 250 different alleles were found over all loci. Despite a long history of hatchery practices, very high levels of polymorphism (mean alleles = 22.89 and mean heterozygosity = 0.92) were detected between the two populations. No statistically significant reductions were found in heterozygosity or allelic diversity in the hatchery population compared with the wild population. However, significant genetic heterogeneity was found between two populations. These results provide no evidence to show that hatchery practice of Pacific oyster in Korea has significantly affected the genetic variability of the hatchery stock. Although further studies are needed for comprehensive determinations of the hatchery and wild populations with increased number of Pacific oyster sample collections, information on the genetic variation and differentiation obtained in this study can be applied for genetic monitoring of aquaculture stocks, genetic improvement by selective breeding and designing of more efficient conservation management guidelines for these valuable genetic materials.
안혜숙,이장욱,김희용,김종빈,장대수,박정연,명정인,안철민 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.5
The spotted sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus, ispopular in recreational fishing and aquaculture in Korea. Itsnatural population has declined during the past two decades;thus, beginning in the early 2000s stock-enhancementprograms were introduced throughout western and southerncoastal areas. In this study, genetic similarities and differencesbetween wild and hatchery populations were assessedusing multiplex assays with 12 highly polymorphicmicrosatellite loci; 96 alleles were identified. Althoughmany unique alleles were lost in the hatchery samples, nosignificant reductions were found in heterozygosity orallelic diversity in the hatchery compared to the wildpopulation. High genetic diversity (He = 0.724–0.761 andHo = 0.723–0.743), low inbreeding coefficient(FIS = 0.003–0.024) and Hardy–Weinberg equilibriumwere observed in both wild and hatchery populations. However, the genetic heterogeneity between the populationswas significant. Therefore, genetic drift likely promotedinter-population differentiation, and rapid loss ofgenetic diversity remains possible. Regarding conservation,genetic variation should be monitored and inbreedingcontrolled in a commercial breeding program.
안혜숙,이장욱,홍성완,홍하늬,박정연,명정인,안철민 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.6
Red sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus is the most important and valuable commercial sea cucumber species in Korea. Its farming and stock enhancement started in the early 2000s and is still rapid expansion in Korea. Therefore, the analyses of genetic status of wild and hatchery populations are necessary to maintain the genetic diversity of this valuable marine resource. In this study,possible genetic similarity and differences between the wild population and hatchery population in Jeju, Korea were accessed using multiplex assays with eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. High levels of polymorphism were observed between the two populations. A total of 93 different alleles were found. Although a considerable loss of unique alleles and relatively high inbreeding coefficient value were observed in the hatchery samples, no statistically significant reductions were found in heterozygosity or allelic diversity in the hatchery population,compared with the wild population. However, significant genetic heterogeneity was found between two populations. These results suggest that genetic drift has probably promoted differentiation between populations, and stocking intensity in wild populations may correlate with loss of genetic integrity. Therefore, the sustainable exploitation plans of the fishery resource should be developed by applying basic genetic principles combined with molecular monitoring. This genetic baseline information of Korean red sea cucumber has important implications for designing of genetically sustainable restocking programs and more efficient conservation management guidelines for these valuable genetic materials.