확률론적 안전성평가를 위한 일반 기기 신뢰도 데이타 베이스 구축 절차와 적용

김길유,김태운,정원대,황미정,임태진 한국산업안전학회 1997 한국안전학회지 Vol.12 No.4

건설중이거나 기기 이력이 부족한 원자력 발전소에 대한 확률론적 안전성평가에 사용되는 일반 기기 신뢰도 데이타를 기 개발된 일반 데이타 및 발전소 데이타를 취합하여 구한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서 사용한 계산 Code는 모수적 선험적 베이지안 방떱에 근거하여 3단계 베이지안 방법으로 한국원자력연구소에서 개발한 MPRDP Code이다. 일반 자교원에서 주로 자료를 취합하였으므로 각 문헌들 사이에 존재할 수 있는 종속성을 고려하여 Code에서 처리하였다. 본 논문에서는 결과로 얻어진 기기 신뢰도 자료표의 일부분을 보여준다. This paper presents the development procedure and application of the generic component reliability data base considering the dependency among dependent generic compendia in NPPs (Nuclear Power Plants) PSA (Probabilistic Safety Assessment) under construction or without operating history. We use MPRDP (Multi-Purpose Reliability Data Processor) code developed in KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) based on a PEB (Parametric Empirical Bayesian) procedure to estimate the reliability. The employed model in this study accounts for the relative credibility as well as the dependency among generic estimates. Numerical examples and the part of summarized reliability data table are provided as the application.

원자력발전소의 안전성 및 신뢰도 평가

정원대,황미정 한국산업안전학회 1997 한국안전학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Probabilistic Safety Assessment(PSA) is an engineering analysis of the possible contributors to the risk from a nuclear power plant. It consist of three phases named as Level 1, 2 and 3. Level 1 PSA mainly focused in this paper is the phase of system analysis which includes the development of accident scenarios and the frequency estimation of each scenario. It covers also the system reliability analysis, component data analysis, and human reliability analysis. PSA have become a standard tool in safety evaluation of nuclear power plants. The main benefit of PSA is to provide insights into plant design, performance and environmental impacts, including the identification of dominant risk contributors and the comparison of options for reducing risk.

The expression patterns of RANKL and OPG in murine tooth eruption

Hwang, Kyung-Mun,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Hyun-Jung,,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

치아의 맹출은 치아기 (dental organ)와 치조골의 세포와 연관된 매우 복잡한 과정이다. 우선 치아 맹출이 일어나기 전에 파골세포가 치낭으로 집결하게 된다. 이러한 치낭의 역할은 파골세포와 조골세포의 상호작용으로 이루어 지는 골개조와 밀접한 관련이 있는데, 이는 치아 맹출과 연관된 많은 유전자들이 치낭에서 발현되기 때문이다. RANKL는 TNF ligand family로써 조골세포에 존재하며 파골세포의 형성 및 전구세포로 부터의 활성화를 유도한다. 이러한 RANKL은 OPG에 의해 그 작용이 억제되며 RANKL와 OPG의 상대적인 비율이 파골세포의 형성에 영향을 미친다. 또한 Runx2유전자의 변이는 조골세포의 분화와 활성에 차질을 가져오고 결국 RANKL/OPG pathway를 통해 파골세포 형성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 치아의 발육 및 맹출에 미치는 RANKL 및 OPG의 영향을 알아보고 Runx2와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 in situ hybridization 방법으로 태생 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11일된 쥐의 하악 및 제1대구치를 사용하여 실험을 실시한 결과 RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 mRNA가 태생 1일부터 11일까지 치낭 및 치아주위조직에 특성있게 나타났다. 이중 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 RANKL 및 Runx2는 치아의 교합면측과 하방 치조골 부위의 발현이 강하게 나타난 반면 OPG는 약한 발현을 보였다. 이는 또한 파골세포의 활성부위를 알아보기 위해 TRAP염색을 실시하여 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 최대의 활성화를 나타낸 결과와 연광성 있게 나타났다. RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 특성있는 발현양상들을 종합해 볼 때, 치아 맹출은 치낭, 치아기, 치조골 사이의 상호 작용을 통해 이루어 지며, 이는 치낭이 치아 맹출에 있어서 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 이러한 유전자들 (RANKL, OPG, Runx2) 이 치아의 맹출에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves cells of the tooth organ and the surrounding alveolus. Osteoclast precursors must be recruited into the dental follicle prior to the onset of eruption. This function of dental follicle may be regarded as the ability of bone remodeling characterized by the interaction of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This is because tooth eruption is a localized event in which many of the genes required for eruption are expressed in the dental follicle. RANKL is a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the TNF ligand family, which is present on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, and induces osteoclast formation and activation from precursor cell. The biologic effect of RANKL is inhibited by OPG and, in bone, the relative ratio of RANKL and OPG modulates osteoclastogenesis. To evaluate the roles of RANKL and OPG in tooth eruption and the relations with the expression pattern of Runx2, in situ hybridization was performed with mandibles of mice at postnatal stage 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. mRNA of RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 are expressed in dental follicle and surrounding tissue from P1 to 11. To determine the sites of osteoclastic activity duing tooth eruption, mandibles were dissected. Peak osteoclastic activity in alveolar bone along the occlusal and basal regions was observed from P5 to 9, with osteoclasts in these regions being large and strongly TRAP-positive. The specific spatic-temporal expression patterns of RANKL, OPG and Runx2 in our study suggest that tooth eruption could be progressed through the interactions of molecular signaling among dental follicle, dental organ and alveolar bone, furthermore it means that dental follicle is quite important in tooth eruption. In addition, it indicates that these genes (RANKL, OPG, and Runx2) play critical roles in tooth eruption.

Corrigendum to “Vertebral Body Anterior Translation, a Novel Technique for Delayed Myelopathy Due to Osteoporotic Spine Fractures”

Jung Soo Lee,Dong Ki Ahn,Won Shick Shin,Kyung Jun Cho,Young Rok Ko,Il Chan Hwang 대한정형외과학회 2022 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.14 No.4

Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery 2020;12:485-492 https://doi.org/10.4055/cios20028 In the article entitled “Vertebral body anterior translation, a novel technique for delayed myelopathy due to osteoporotic spine fractures,”1) the name of one of the authors was incorrectly presented: Il Chan Whang should read Il Chan Hwang.

부산지역 미세먼지에 대한 건강 취약성 평가

이원정,황미경,김유근,Lee, Won-Jung,Hwang, Mi-Kyoung,Kim, Yoo-Keun 한국환경보건학회 2014 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.40 No.5

Objectives: This study seeks to evaluate the vulnerability assessment of the human health sector for $PM_{10}$, which is reflected in the regional characteristics and related disease mortality rates for $PM_{10}$ in Busan over the period of 2006-2010. Methods: According to the vulnerability concept suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), vulnerability to $PM_{10}$ is comprised of the categories of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The indexes of the exposure and sensitivity categories indicate positive effects, while the adaptive capacity index indicates a negative effect on vulnerability to $PM_{10}$. Variables of each category were standardized by the rescaling method, and each regional relative vulnerability was computed through the vulnerability index calculation formula. Results: The regions with a high exposure index are Jung-Gu (transportation region) and Saha-Gu (industrial region). Major factors determining the exposure index are the $PM_{10}$ concentration, days of $PM_{10}{\geq}50$, ${\mu}g/m^3$, and $PM_{10}$ emissions. The regions that show a high sensitivity index are urban and rural regions; these commonly have a high mortality rate for related disease and vulnerable populations. The regions that have a high adaptive capacity index are Jung-Gu, Gangseo-Gu, and Busanjin-Gu, all of which have a high level of economic/welfare/health care factors. The high-vulnerability synthesis of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity indexes show that Dong-Gu and Seo-Gu have a risk for $PM_{10}$ potential effects and a low adaptive capacity. Conclusions: This study presents the vulnerability index to $PM_{10}$ through a relative comparison using quantitative evaluation to draw regional priorities. Therefore, it provides basic data to reflect environmental health influences in favor of an adaptive policy limiting damage to human health caused by vulnerability to $PM_{10}$.

균여전 소재 향가의 차자 표기 독법 검토 -고려시대 『용감수경(龍龕手鏡)』 한자음의 음운론적 특징을 중심으로-

김양진 ( Yang Jin Kim ),황국정 ( Kuk Jung Hwang ) 경희대학교 인문학연구원 2013 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.24

이 논문의 목적은 균여향가에만 보이는 차자 ``留, 兮``의 정확한 음가를 추정해 보고자 하는 데 있다. 이 글자들은 기존의 해독을 따라 광운이나 당시 중고음의 음가 추정으로는 분명하게 그 음가를 추정하기 어렵다. 이에 본고는 균여향가의 차자 표기들이 신라 향가와는 다른 표기의 차이가 있음을 전제로 하고, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 우선 『균여전』 편찬에 연루되어 있는 혁련정의 언어 인식도 균여 향가의 차자 표기법을 이해하는 데 고려의 대상으로 넣어야 한다고 생각했다. 따라서 『균여전』의 편찬 배경을 둘러싼 여러 사료들을 검토하고 특히 혁련정에 대한 기록을 검토해 봄으로써 균여향가의 차자 표기법에 대해 기존의 시각과는 다른 측면에서 균여 향가를 읽을 가능성을 제시하였다. 또한 거란의 음운서인 『龍龕手鏡』을 검토해 봄으로써 균여향가의 차자 표기가 용감수경 한자음과 일련의 관계가 있을 가능성에 대해서도 고찰해 보았다. 『龍龕手鏡』은 한자의 음을 ``__反, 俗__反, 正__反, 俗__音, 正音, 今音`` 등으로 표시하고 있다. 본고는 이렇게 표시된 한자음을 모두 뽑아내어서 반절자들의 음을 정리하는데 주력했다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 『균여전』 소재 향가에서만 보이는 ``留, 兮``의 차자 표기가 『용감수경(龍龕手鏡) 』과 같은 대장경 계통의 불경 자전들의 영향을 받았을 가능성에 대해서 논의했다. This paper aims to examine different reading method of ``留, 兮`` some borrowed characters of Hyang Ga, which have been extant only in Kyunyo Chon. It is difficult to make out correct pronunciation of ``留, 兮`` particularly because they are present nowhere else than in Kyunyo Chon. First of all, considering that there exist differences in writing between Hyang Ga`s expression system and that of Shilla Hyang Ga, we propose Hyukryun Jung`s linguistic findings on the writing system of Kyunyo Chon to take also into consideration. We confirmed that Hyukryun Jung went to Yo(遼) Danasty during the historical period of Koryo dynasty. We also found that 留 could be pronounced as [ro], 兮 as [i] etc., in the Yong Gam Su Gyoung(龍龕手鏡). In Conclusion, we discuss on the possibility of seeing borrowing characters of ``留, 兮`` of Hyang Ga as having been influenced by Buddhist scriptures of Dae Jang Gyong.

간벌에 의한 서식지 구조와 양서,파충류 개체군의 특성 차이

박창득 ( Chang Deuk Park ),정지화 ( Ji Hwa Jung ),손승훈 ( Seung Hun Son ),황현수 ( Hyun Su Hwang2 ),이우신 ( Woo Shin Lee ) 한국임학회 2016 한국산림과학회지 Vol.105 No.2

본 연구는 간벌에 따른 서식지 구조와 양서·파충류 개체군 특성 차이를 파악하기 위해 2014년과 2015년 의 6월부터 9월까지 강원도 홍천군 매화산의 침엽수림과 활엽수림에서 각각 실시되었다. 산림의 수직구조를 파악한 결과, 모든 임상에서 간벌 이후 산림환경이 구조적으로 크게 변화하였다. 특히 간벌 후 중층 및 하층의 피도량이 감소한 반면, 도목잔존물의 수와 부피는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 침엽수림과 활엽수림에 각각 2개 조사구, 총 4개 조 사구 내에서 간벌 전과 후 월별 1회씩 총 32번의 선형횡단조사를 통해 양서류는 5종 119개체, 파충류는 3종 5개체 가 확인되었다. 임상별 관찰된 평균 종수 및 개체수 차이를 파악한 결과, 침엽수림에서는 양서류의 평균 종수가 간벌 후 감소한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 참개구리(Pelophylax nigromaculatus)와 북방산개구리(Rana dybowskii) 등 2종 이 차이를 보였다. 파충류는 관찰 간벌 후 모든 임상에서 관찰되지 않았다. 향후 간벌에 따른 양서·파충류의 개체 군 특성 차이를 파악하기 위해서는 간벌의 규모와 빈도, 강도 등 다양한 요인을 고려한 정밀 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to clarify the differences in habitat structure and amphibian and reptile (herpetofauna) populations between before and after thinning in the coniferous and deciduous forests from June to September 2014 and 2015 at the Mt. Maewha of Hongcheon, Gangwon province, Korea. Forest structure was dramatically changed after thinning. Coverage of understory and mid-story were decreased while volume and number of downed trees were increased after thinning. We used line transect sampling method on a total of 4 transect lines, 2 lines in each forest type. 119 individuals of 5 amphibian species and 5 individuals of 3 reptile species were recorded. Mean number of amphibian species were decreased after thinning in the coniferous forest. There was no observed reptiles after thinning in the coniferous and deciduous forests. Detailed monitoring with different area, frequency and intensity might be needed to clarify more precise differences characterisitics of herpetofauna by thinning.

‘로자리오 비얀코’(Vitis vitisvinifera)와 ‘캠벨’( Vitis labrusca) 포도과실의 유황패드 처리에 따른 저장성 향상

임병선(Byung-Seon Lim),이신희(Shin Hee Lee),조미애(Mi-Ae Jo),황정환(Jung Hwan Hwang),황용수(Yong Su Hwang2) 한국원예학회 2010 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2010 No.10

A high tocopherol content rice cultivar ‘Tocomi-1’

Jung Eun Hwang,In Jung Jung,Sung Min Han,Hong-Il Choi,Soon-Jae Kwon,Jin-Baek Kim,Si-Yong Kang,Dong Sub Kim 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

‘Tocomi-1’, a new japonica rice cultivar derived from a 200 Gy gamma ray irradiation with high tocopherol content and red pericarp. The local adaptability test of MRXII-1001-1 was carried out from 2012 to 2014 and it was named as ‘Tocomi-1’ in 2014. This variety is medium matured with heading date of August 12 in honam plain area of Korea. This variety is about 80 cm tall culm length and 106 spikelets per panicle. Its 1,000 grain-weight of rice seeds is 25.4 g. The yield potential of this variety is about 5.15 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. This variety exhibited greater seed longevity than the Donganbyeo, indicating a crucial role for tocopherols in maintaining viability during quiescence, and displayed faster seedling growth during the early growth stage. Tocopherol contents was 50% higher than the Donganbyeo. To study the molecular mechanism underlying vitamin E biosynthesis, we examined the expression patterns of seven rice genes encoding vitamin E biosynthetic enzymes. Accumulation levels of the OsVTE2 transcript and OsVTE2 protein in the ‘Tocomi-1’ were significantly higher than in the Donganbyeo. Sequence analysis revealed that the ‘Tocomi-1’ harbored a point mutation in the OsVTE2 promoter region, which resulted in the generation of MYB transcription factor—binding cis-element. These results help identify the promoter regions that regulate OsVTE2 transcription, and offer insights into the regulation of tocopherol content in ‘Tocomi-1’.

Characterization of OsJAC1 which is responding to different types of ionizing radiation

In jung Jung,Jung Eun Hwang,Sung Min Han,Hong-Il Choi,Soon-Jae Kwon,Jin-Baek Kim,Si-Yong Kang,Dong Sub Kim 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

Ionizing radiation affects gene expression from plant genomes. To monitor the genome-wide transcriptional changes induced by three types of ionizing radiation, we used the rice RNA sequencing to identify genes that are up- or down-regulated by gamma rays (GAs), proton (PRs) and ion beams (IBs). The Oryza sativa jacalin-like lectin domain containing proteins (OsJAC1) gene was highly induced by GAs, PRs and IBs. OsJAC1 was selected based on the expression patterns of a genome-wide dataset of RNA sequencing. Many jacalin-related lectin genes have been shown to be associated with disease resistance, biotic and abiotic stress signaling. Therefore, we studied its expression pattern in response to different abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments. The expression patterns of OsJAC1 under two different abiotic stress conditions (salt and heat stress) and phytohormones (salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate) were examined. The transcripts of OsJAC1 were significantly induced in response to abiotic stress conditions, including salt and heat treatments. In addition, it was induced in response to the salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate treatments, respectively. To investigate the sub-cellular localization of OsJAC1, the gene was expressed as a fusion protein tagged with GFP, in tobacco leaf epidermis and examined under confocal microscope. The OsJAC1 was clearly localized at the nucleus. These results provide critical insights into the molecular functions of the rice jacalin-like lectin domain containing proteins as receptors of external signals.