Investigation of Electrical Properties & Mechanical Quality Factor of Piezoelectric Material (PZT-4A)

Butt, Zubair,Anjum, Zeeshan,Sultan, Amir,Qayyum, Faisal,Khurram Ali, Hafiz Muhammad,Mehmood, Shahid The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.2

Piezoelectricity is the capability of a piezoelectric material to change mechanical energy into electrical energy. The determination of electrical and mechanical properties plays a significant role in characterizing the piezoelectric material. The energy losses characteristics of piezoelectric material can be described by mechanical quality factor. In this paper, the output voltage and mechanical quality factor of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-4A) piezoelectric material is determined under various resistance and loading conditions by using the test setup. The commercial FEM software ABAQUS is used to analyze the performance of piezoelectric material under static loading conditions. It is observed that these properties affect the performance of a material particularly in the designing of smart structures. The experimental results are partially compared to the simulation values.

Investigation of Electrical Properties & Mechanical Quality Factor of Piezoelectric Material (PZT-4A)

Zubair Butt,Zeeshan Anjum,Amir Sultan,Faisal Qayyum,Hafiz Muhammad Khurram Ali,Shahid Mehmood 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.2

Piezoelectricity is the capability of a piezoelectric material to change mechanical energy into electrical energy. The determination of electrical and mechanical properties plays a significant role in characterizing the piezoelectric material. The energy losses characteristics of piezoelectric material can be described by mechanical quality factor. In this paper, the output voltage and mechanical quality factor of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-4A) piezoelectric material is determined under various resistance and loading conditions by using the test setup. The commercial FEM software ABAQUS is used to analyze the performance of piezoelectric material under static loading conditions. It is observed that these properties affect the performance of a material particularly in the designing of smart structures. The experimental results are partially compared to the simulation values.

Generation of electrical energy using lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) piezoelectric material: Analytical, numerical and experimental verifications

Zubair Butt,Riffat Asim Pasha,Faisal Qayyum,Zeeshan Anjum,Nasir Ahmad,Hassan Elahi 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.8

Energy harvesting is the process of attaining energy from the external sources and transforming it into usable electrical energy. An analytical model of piezoelectric energy harvester has been developed to determine the output voltage across an electrical circuit when it is forced to undergo a base excitation. This model gives an easy approach to design and investigate the behavior of piezoelectric material. Numerical simulations have been carried out to determine the effect of frequency and loading on a Lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) piezoelectric material. It has been observed that the output voltage from the harvester increases when loading increases whereas its resonance frequency decreases. The analytical results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental and numerical simulation results.

PE-106: Presence of Anemia Predicts Advanced Grade at Presentation in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

( Nauman Arif Jadoon ),( Zeeshan Butt ),( Ahmed Shahzad ),( Kamran Mushtaq ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: The objective of our study was to assess the impact of anemia on HE grade at presentation. Methods: Consecutive patients of HE admitted in the medical wards of Mayo Hospital, Lahore during March 2010 and May 2010 were enrolled in the study. HE grade at presentation was assessed by using West-Haven Criteria. Complete blood count, bleeding profile, liver function tests and ultrasound was done in emergency at presentation. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level less than 12 g/dl. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to assess the impact of anemia on hepatic encephalopathy grade at presentation. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 61 patients were included in the study. 20% patients were in grade 1 HE; 20% in grade 2; 39% in grade 3; and 21% in grade 4 HE. Advanced grade HE was defined as HE grade >2. On univariate analysis prothrombin time >15 seconds, diabetes, esophageal varices on endoscopy, and anemia were significant predictors of advanced grade HE (p values: 0.048, 0.048, 0.039, 0.037). Hypoalbuminemia was less common in advanced grade HE patients (p, 0.004). Child Pugh Score and MELD Score had no relation with HE grade at presentation. All the significant factors in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model. Only anemia was significant predictor of advanced grade HE in multivariate analysis (p, 0.018). Conclusions: Sixty percent of HE patients present with advanced grade. Anemia is associated with advanced HE grade at presentation.

Prevalence and Predictors of Thrombocytopenia in Advanced Liver Disease

( Nauman Arif Jadoon ),( Zeeshan Butt ),( Sa? U Khan ),( Kamran Mushtaq ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: To study clinical, laboratory and demographic predictors of thrombocytopenia in advanced liver disease. Methods: 248 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC) (age range: 30-75 years; majority with chronic C hepatitis (78 %)) were prospectively analyzed. The platelet count with cut-off value of \150,000/lL was taken as thrombocytopenia. Patients with and without thrombocytopenia were correlated with patients’ characteristics, such as demographics, prevalent extra hepatic diseases, therapeutic interventions (endoscopy, band ligation and interferon therapy), clinical signs and laboratory variables. Results: 248 patients showed following distribution according to CP classi.cation: A; 7 %; B; 30 % and C; 63 %. Hepatitis C (83 %, P = 0.009) demonstrated strong correlation but hepatitis B infection and alcohol failed to show any signi.cant association with thrombocytopenia (P[0.05). People with splenomegaly (73 %, p = 0.000) and elevated ALT levels ([35 IU) were more prevalent in thrombocytopenia group (96 %, P = 0.019). Deranged clotting parameters PT ([15 sec, 96 %, p = 0.001) and aPTT ([35 s, 86 %, p = 0.023) were strongly associated with thrombocytopenia. However no statistically signi.cant association was observed between demographic variables, MELD score, CP classi.cation, extra-hepatic diseases, therapeutic interventions and other clinical signs and laboratory tests (p[0.05 for all). Conclusions: Hepatitis C infection is an independent predictor of thrombocytopenia in DC. Combination of splenomegaly, elevated ALT, deranged clotting parameters can predict thrombocytopenia in advanced liver disease.

PE-107: Hyponatremia in Decompens ated Cirrhosis: Is It Associated with More Severe Disease?

( Nauman Arif Jadoon ),( Zeeshan Butt ),( Ahmed Shahzad ),( Kamran Mushtaq ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: The aim of our study was to evaluate whether there is any association between hyponatremia and severity of decompensated cirrhosis. Methods: Consecutive patients of decompensated cirrhosis presenting at three tertiary care hospitals were included in the study. Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium levels of <135 mEq/L. Patients with Child-Pugh Class A and B were considered having mild disease and Class C patients were categorized as having severe disease. Results: A total of 202 patients were included in the study with male preponderance (53%). Patients presenting with Child-Pugh Class A, B and C were 16 (6.9%), 74 (36.6%) and 114 (56.4%) respectively. Hyponatremia was present in 37.3% of the patients. On bivariate analysis, factors associated with severe decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh Class C) were total protein <6 g/dL (p, 0.002), hemoglobin level <12 g/dL (p, 0.006), APTT >35 seconds (p <0.001), AST >35 IU (p, 0.03) and serum sodium level <135 mEq/L. Thrombocytopenia, raised blood urea, raised serum creatinine, and hyperkalemia were not associated with severity of decompensated cirrhosis as was the etiology of cirrhosis (Hepatitis C versus non-hepatisis C). Variables significant in the bivariate analysis were then included in the multivariate logistic regression model. All the variables remained significant except anemia which did not show any association with severity of disease in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: One third of the patients with decompensated cirrhosis in the present study had hyponatremia which was associated with less severe disease (lower Child-Pugh Class) at presentation.