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Biodiesel synthesis using natural solid catalyst derived from biomass waste — A review
Song Yuan Chua,Loshinie A/P Periasamy,Celine Ming Hui Goh,Yie Hua Tan,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Jibrail Kansedo,Mohammad Khalid,Rashmi Walvekar,E.C. Abdullah 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.81 No.-
Biodiesel serves as an ideal candidate for alternative fuel as it is made from renewable source with lowerpollutant emission. However, current biodiesel production has several issues such as unrecoverablecatalyst, expensive separation stage and high wastewater generation due to the use of homogeneouscatalyst. Currently, there are several pathways to produce biodiesel without the problems stated abovesuch as supercritical condition transesterification and enzymatic catalyst. However, the economicfeasibility for both methods serve as a major hindrance due to extremely high pressure and pressure,expensive synthetic cost of enzyme, which lead to higher operation cost. At the present, heterogeneouscatalyst is the alternative, especially heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural resources such as wastebiomass are currently being extensively researched with promising results. Thus, this paper illustratesthe comprehensive research of biodiesel synthesis and assesses the latest breakthroughs involved in theuse of catalysts derived from waste biomass. Furthermore, an amalgam of experimental data obtainedfrom similar literature has been thoroughly reviewed to provide a better framework to produce biodiesel. Apart from that, this study aims to alleviate problems associated with heterogeneous catalyst separationand enhance the economic viability of the industry, thus, sustaining the environment while meetingenergy demands.
Song Yuan Han,Koon Teck Koh 중앙대학교 학교체육연구소 2016 Asian Journal of Physical Education of Sport Scien Vol.4 No.1
Decision making in the sport setting has been an important topic of research, especially in the competitive environment where an appropriate decision from the coach or athlete can offer advantageous positioning that could make a difference between a win and a loss in a game. However, research investigating how coaches acquire and develop appropriate decision-making skills is still scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate how and where coaches from individual sports learned their craft in decision making. Eight successful coaches aged between 28-38 years old (4 males, 4 females) with at least five years of coaching experience at the competitive level took part in this study. Thematic analysis of data from the individual interviews revealed three main sources from which coaches acquired and developed decision-making skills: (a) Past athletic experience and the understanding of game rules, (b) Personality traits such as self-reflection, resilience, and curiosity, and (c) External learning situations such as having a mentor and past coaches that provided guidance and logical thinking processes, as well as exposure to cultural norms of the sport. The results are discussed in relation to studies on expert coach development. Practical suggestions are also highlighted to facilitate the development of future coaches.
Song, Jeonghun,Oh, Si-Doek,Yoo, Yungpil,Seo, Seok-Ho,Paek, Insu,Song, Yuan,Song, Seung Jin Elsevier 2018 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.225 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In renewable power systems for remote islands, a significant amount of electricity is curtailed for power balance. This study examines the effect of reducing electricity curtailment on optimal renewable power system design for remote islands. A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problem for obtaining the optimal design of remote renewable power systems is formulated with an additional constraint which limits the total electricity curtailment. For a parametric study, the problem is solved with various values of electricity curtailment limit, for four cases; two islands - one with a higher and the other with a lower capacity factor of wind turbines - in South Korea, and two renewable power penetrations - 60% and 90% - in the two islands. Variations in the optimal capacities of photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and batteries for limited total electricity curtailment are examined for every case. Reasons of the variations are explained by an analysis on the temporal operation profiles of the remote renewable power systems. In addition, the appropriate upper limit of total electricity curtailment considering cost increment, normalized by the total electricity demand, is newly suggested as a function of renewable power penetration to guide policy design.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Remote renewable power system is optimized with limited electricity curtailment. </LI> <LI> Variations of optimal design for decreased electricity curtailment are explained. </LI> <LI> A policy for reducing electricity curtailment in remote islands is suggested. </LI> </UL> </P>
Yuan Song,Xiangqun Wu,Di Yang,Fang Fang,Lingshi Meng,Ya Liu,Weiwei Cui 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.4
Much research has indicated that alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation induced by ethanol, and that numerous antioxidants could effectively alleviate such injuries. Moreover, recent studies have identified andrographolide (AD) as having strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can block oxidative damage associated with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation. However, the biological role and potential mechanism of AD in its protection against ALD have not been fully characterized. To observe the possible effect of AD, male C57BL/6J mice received ethanol through intragastrical gavage for 12 weeks in this study. The ethanol group was separated into five subgroups: (1) model group (n = 10); (2) silymarin group (0.1 mg/g body weight [BW], n = 10); (3) AD (0.05 mg/g BW) group (n = 10); (4) AD (0.1 mg/g BW) group (n = 10); and (5) AD (0.2 mg/g BW) group (n = 10). Mice in AD groups were treated orally by gavage once per day. The experimental results show that serum aminotransferase, liver lipids, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant capacities were significantly changed in the model group after alcohol treatment, and the liver tissue histological findings showed pathological changes. Compared with the model group, treatment with AD improved serum aminotransferase, liver function, lipid accumulation, and hepatic reactive oxygen species levels. And AD decreased the hepatic NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein expression of ALD mice. This research demonstrated that AD can alleviate liver pathological injury and oxidative stress in mice exposed to ethanol by decreasing the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α.
( Yuan Han Song ),( Teck Koh Koon ) 중앙대학교 학교체육연구소 2016 Asian Journal of Physical Education of Sport Scien Vol.4 No.1
Decision making in the sport setting has been an important topic of research, especially in the competitive environment where an appropriate decision from the coach or athlete can offer advantageous positioning that could make a difference between a win and a loss in a game. However, research investigating how coaches acquire and develop appropriate decision-making skills is still scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate how and where coaches from individual sports learned their craft in decision making. Eight successful coaches aged between 28-38 years old (4 males, 4 females) with at least five years of coaching experience at the competitive level took part in this study. Thematic analysis of data from the individual interviews revealed three main sources from which coaches acquired and developed decision-making skills: (a) Past athletic experience and the understanding of game rules, (b) Personality traits such as self-reflection, resilience, and curiosity, and (c) External learning situations such as having a mentor and past coaches that provided guidance and logical thinking processes, as well as exposure to cultural norms of the sport. The results are discussed in relation to studies on expert coach development. Practical suggestions are also highlighted to facilitate the development of future coaches.