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FATIGUE FEATURES EXTRACTION OF ROAD LOAD TIMEDATA USING THE S-TRANSFORM
S. ABDULLAH,C. K. E. NIZWAN,M. F. M. YUNOH,M. Z. NUAWI,Z. M. NOPIAH 한국자동차공학회 2013 International journal of automotive technology Vol.14 No.5
This paper presents the algorithm development of a new fatigue data editing technique using S-T approach. Ingeneral, the S-transform (S-T) is a time-frequency spectral localization method which performs a multi-resolution analysis onsignal. This method represents a better time-frequency resolution especially for non-stationary signal analysis. This techniquewas developed to produce shortened fatigue data for fatigue durability testing. The S-T method was applied to detect thedamaging events contained in the fatigue signals due to high S-T spectrum location. The damaging events were extracted froman original fatigue signal to produce the shortened edited signal which has equivalent fatigue damage. Three types of road loadfatigue data were used for simulation purpose, pave track, highway and country road. In this study, an algorithm wasdeveloped, to detect the damaging events in the original fatigue signal. The algorithm can be used to extract the fatiguedamaging events and these events were combined in order to produce a new edited signal which neglect the low amplitudecycles. The edited signal consists of the majority of the original fatigue damage in the shortened signal with 15-25% timereduction. Thus, it has been suggested that this shortened signal can then be used in the laboratory fatigue testing for thepurpose of accelerated fatigue testing.
An overview on methods for the production of carbon nanotubes
N.M. Mubarak,E.C. Abdullah,N.S. Jayakumar,J.N. Sahu 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most exciting discoveries in nanoscale sciences. A brief survey of experimental work directed towards the synthesis of CNTs has been discussed. The various methods of production of CNTs are explained outlining their capabilities, efficiencies and possible exploitation as economic large scale production. Among the discussed techniques, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) appears to be the most potential way to produce high quality of CNTs at high yield. The advantages of CVD over other techniques are also explained and the effects of process parameter on the synthesis of these nanomaterials are discussed.
Microwave assisted multiwall carbon nanotubes enhancing Cd(II) adsorption capacity in aqueous media
N.M. Mubarak,J.N. Sahu,E.C. Abdullah,N.S. Jayakumar,P. Ganesan 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.24 No.-
Novel multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been successfully synthesized using tubular microwave chemical vapour deposition technique and proved to be an outstanding adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution. The effect of process parameters such as pH, MWCNTs dosage, agitation speed and time were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cd(II) were found to be 88.62 mg/g and a statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the highest removal (98%) of Cd(II) are at pH 5, MWCNTs dosage 0.1 g, agitation speed and time of 160 rpm and 50 min, respectively with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models match the experimental data very well and adsorption kinetic obeyed pseudo-second order. Our results proved that MWCNTs can be used as an effective Cd(II) adsorbent due to the high adsorption capacity as well as the short adsorption time needed to achieve equilibrium.
Jihn Yih Lim,N.M. Mubarak,E.C. Abdullah,Sabzoi Nizamuddin,Mohammad Khalid,Inamuddin 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.66 No.-
The advanced synthesis and development of raw graphene based on various significant functionalization has been outstanding in the wastewater treatment compared to the other alternatives such as carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanomaterials. Nano size graphene is known to possess large surface area and some promising properties in terms of mechanical, electrical, chemical and magnetism. Besides, the graphene can be generated via both Top-down and Bottom-up methods such as chemical exfoliation, chemical vapour deposition and other techniques so that it can be further functionalized to form graphene oxide-based nanomaterials. Hence, graphene oxide-based nanomaterials are discovered to be useful in the application of heavy metal removal from wastewater. In short, this paper critically reviewed on the synthesis method of graphene and application of graphene oxide-based nanomaterials in the term of heavy metal removal. The advantages, drawbacks, comparison of the data efficiencies, and research requirements are further highlighted, elaborated and discussed detailly. Lastly, the future challenges of graphene are elaborated. Therefore, it can be guaranteed that the wastewater discharged should be detected with the minimum or none of the heavy metals so that minimum effects on the ecosystem is discovered.
M.W. Yap,N.M. Mubarak,J.N. Sahu,E.C. Abdullah 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.45 No.-
The novel magnetic biochar (MB) has been successfully synthesized by using the microwave technique,using discarded materials such as coconut shell (CS). The optimized conditions for the best novelmagnetic biochar synthesis are at 800 W reaction power, 20 min reaction time, and 0.5 g (FeCl3:biomass)impregnation ratio. The detailed physical and chemical analyses of novel magnetic biochar were found tobe in good agreement with the hypothesis. These newly produced magnetic biochars have high surfacearea of 834 m2/g and this leads to high efficiency in the removal of cadmium and lead from wastewater. The results revealed that magnetic biochar composite exhibited excellent ferromagnetic property with asaturation magnetization of 6 emu/g. As for new invention, the magnetic biochar can be directlyproduced using microwaves heating by single stage of activation compared to the conventional method.
Xin Xiong Chang,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Shaukat Ali Mazari,Abdul Sattar Jatoi,Awais Ahmad,Mohammad Khalid,Rashmi Walvekar,E.C. Abdullah,Rama Rao Karri,M.T.H Siddiqui,Sabzoi Nizamuddin 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.104 No.-
The concept of green chemistry has attracted attention due to the green synthesis and ecofriendly natureof the compounds leading to the green and sustainable chemical industries and processes. Chitosan is anecofriendly material, which is biodegradable, non-toxic, and biocompatible. It has the potential to bemodified into biofilms for various applications such as biomedical, packaging, and pharmaceutical fields. Nevertheless, some poor properties of chitosan restrict its wide applications. The incorporation ofnanocellulose fillers into chitosan matrix can enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of chitosan. Cellulose nanomaterials can be achieved through chemical and mechanical modifications. The commontype of nanocellulose are cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), cellulose nano-whiskers (CNWs), tunicate CNCs (t-CNCs), algae cellulose particles (AC) and bacterial cellulose particles (BC). Nanocellulose are applied asthe reinforcement fillers in various polymer matrices such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polylacticacid etc. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are relatively novel green solvents, which can be applied in variousfields. DES are widely applied in metal processing, polymer processing and synthesis. Even though thereare not much studies available on DES for synthesis of nanocomposite films; however they are used aseco-friendly solvents in manufacturing processes. This study reviews the discovery, structure, propertiesof chitosan and cellulose, their derivatives and applications. In addition, the paper also discusses theproperties of DES and their applications.
An overview of functionalised carbon nanomaterial for organic pollutant removal
Lau Yien Jun,N.M. Mubarak,Min Juey Yee,Lau Sie Yon,Chua Han Bing,Mohammad Khalid,E.C. Abdullah 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.67 No.-
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), particularly carbon nanotube and graphene-based materials, are rapidly emerging as one of the most effective adsorbents for wastewater treatment. CNMs hold great potential as new generation adsorbents due to their high surface to volume ratio, as well as extraordinary chemical, mechanical and thermal stabilities. However, implementation of pristine CNMs in real world applications are still hindered due to their poor solubility in most solvents. Hence, surface modification of CNMs is essential for wastewater treatment application in order to improve its solubility, chemical stability, fouling resistance and efficiency. Numerous studies have reported the applications of functionalized CNMs as very promising adsorbents for treating organic and inorganic wastewater pollutants. In this paper, the removal of organic dye and phenol contaminants from wastewater using various type of functionalized CNMs are highlighted and summarized. Challenges and future opportunities for application of these CNMs as adsorbents in sustainable wastewater treatment are also addressed in this paper.
CFD simulation of fluidized bed reactors for polyolefin production – A review
M.J.H. Khan,M.A. Hussain,Z. Mansourpour,N. Mostoufi,N.M. Ghasem,E.C. Abdullah 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.6
This literature survey focuses on the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in variousaspects of the fluidized bed reactor. Although fluidized bed reactors are used in various industrialapplications, this first-of-its-kind review highlights the use of CFD on polyolefin production. It is shownthat CFD has been utilized for the following mechanisms of polymerization: governing of bubbleformation, electrostatic charge effect, gas–solid flow behavior, particle distribution, solid–gas circulationpattern, bed expansion consequence, mixing and segregation, agglomeration and shear forces. Heat andmass transfer in the reactor modeling using CFD principles has also been taken under consideration. Anumber of softwares are available to interpret the data of the CFD simulation but only few softwarespossess the analytical capability to interpret the complex flowbehavior of fluidization. In this review, thepopular softwares with their framework and application have been discussed. The advantages andfeasibility of applying CFD to olefin polymerization in fluidized beds were deliberated and the prospectof future CFD applications was also discussed.
Biodiesel synthesis using natural solid catalyst derived from biomass waste — A review
Song Yuan Chua,Loshinie A/P Periasamy,Celine Ming Hui Goh,Yie Hua Tan,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Jibrail Kansedo,Mohammad Khalid,Rashmi Walvekar,E.C. Abdullah 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.81 No.-
Biodiesel serves as an ideal candidate for alternative fuel as it is made from renewable source with lowerpollutant emission. However, current biodiesel production has several issues such as unrecoverablecatalyst, expensive separation stage and high wastewater generation due to the use of homogeneouscatalyst. Currently, there are several pathways to produce biodiesel without the problems stated abovesuch as supercritical condition transesterification and enzymatic catalyst. However, the economicfeasibility for both methods serve as a major hindrance due to extremely high pressure and pressure,expensive synthetic cost of enzyme, which lead to higher operation cost. At the present, heterogeneouscatalyst is the alternative, especially heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural resources such as wastebiomass are currently being extensively researched with promising results. Thus, this paper illustratesthe comprehensive research of biodiesel synthesis and assesses the latest breakthroughs involved in theuse of catalysts derived from waste biomass. Furthermore, an amalgam of experimental data obtainedfrom similar literature has been thoroughly reviewed to provide a better framework to produce biodiesel. Apart from that, this study aims to alleviate problems associated with heterogeneous catalyst separationand enhance the economic viability of the industry, thus, sustaining the environment while meetingenergy demands.