Experimental Fluid Percussion Brain Injury Induces Temporally and Regionally Specific Expressions of Heat Shock Protein Genes

김영화(Younghwa Kim),김달수(Dal Soo Kim),박선화(Sun-Hwa Park),김태식(Tae Sik Kim),선웅(Woong Sun),김현(Hyun Kim),김창미(Changmee Kim) 대한해부학회 2004 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.37 No.1

HSP유전자군은 다양한 스트레스 자극에 의해 발현이 유도되는 것으로 알려져 있음에도 불구하고 외상성 뇌 손상 후 hsp 유전자들의 발현양상에 대한 명확한 보고가 없다. 이 연구에서는 외상성 뇌손상 모델로써 유압출 뇌손상 동물모델을 사용하였으며, 외상성 뇌손상 스트레스에 의해 유도되는 hsp 유전자들의 발현양상은 in situ hybridization 방법을 사용하여 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 hsp70 superfamily member인 hsp110, hsp70과 작은 hsp member인 hsp25의 발현 양상은 많은 차이를 보였다. Hsp110과 hsp70은 뇌손상 후 1시간 내에 발현하기 시작하여 손상 후 3시간에 최고의 발현을 보였으며, hsp25는 손상 후 6시간에 발현하기 시작하여 손상 후 6일까지 지속되었다. Hsp110과 hsp70은 손상부위에서 높은 발현을 보인 반면, hsp25는 손상 부위 뿐만 아니라 손상부위와 멀리 떨어진 같은 쪽 대뇌피질 전 영역에 걸쳐 발현하였다. 이러한 결과는 다양한 hsp유전자들을 조합하여 순차적으로 조작함으로써 급성 혹은 지연된 외상성 뇌 손상 후 세포사 및 신경학적 기능이상을 완화시킬 수 있을 가능성을 시사한다. Although the induction of various members of hsp (heat shock protein) gene family has been linked to the resistance to apoptosis by a range of diverse stress stimuli, detail information has not been available yet as to the temporal and spatial expression patterns of various hsp genes after traumatic brain injury. In the present study, using a lateral fluid percussion (FP) injury as a model of traumatic brain injury, expression profiles of stress induced hsp genes were comparatively evaluated in the adult rat brain by in situ hybridization (ISH). We found that the temporal and regional expression patterns between the hsp70 superfamily members, hsp110 and hsp70, and the small hsp member, hsp25 are distinct. While the hsp110 and hsp70 expression was observed as early as 1 hr after injury and maximally induced at 3 hr after injury, the hsp25 expression appeared 6 hr after injury and the expression sustained until 6 days after the injury. Moreover, the expression of hsp110 and hsp70 was localized primarily in the impact site, that of the small hsp25 was observed throughout the ipsilateral cortical area in the distant regions remote from the impact site as well as in the impact site following injury. These results suggest that the sequential and combinatorial manipulation of various hsp genes can be exploited in reducing acute and delayed post-traumatic apoptosis and associated neurological dysfunction.

Changes in the Prevalence of Childhood Asthma in Seoul from 1995 to 2008 and Its Risk Factors

Kwon, Ji-Won,Kim, Byoung-Ju,Song, Younghwa,Seo, Ju-Hee,Kim, Tae-Hee,Yu, Jinho,Kim, Hyo Bin,Lee, So Yeon,Kim, Woo-Kyung,Kim, Kyoung-Won,Ji, Hye-Mi,Kim, Kyu-Earn,Kim, Ho,Hong, Soo-Jong The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical 2011 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.3 No.1

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To investigate the prevalence of asthma and determine its risk factors in elementary school students in Seoul.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was used to survey 4,731 elementary school students from five areas in Seoul between April and October, 2008.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>In elementary school children, the lifetime and recent 12-month prevalence of wheezing were 11.7% and 5.6%, respectively. The lifetime prevalence of asthma diagnosis was 7.9%, and the recent 12-month prevalence of asthma treatment was 2.7%. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-2.66), history of atopic dermatitis (AD) (aOR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.98-3.84), history of allergic rhinitis (AR) (aOR, 3.71; 95% CI, 2.61-5.26), history of bronchiolitis before 2 years of age (aOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.39-3.07), use of antibiotics during infancy for >3 days (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.35-2.62), parental history of asthma (aOR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.52-5.27), exposure to household molds during infancy (aOR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.18-2.89), and the development or aggravation of asthma symptoms within 6 months after moving to a new house (aOR, 11.76; 95% CI, 5.35-25.86) were the independent risk factors for wheezing within 12 months.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The prevalence of wheezing and asthma in elementary school students in 2008 was similar to that in the past decade. Male sex, history of AD, history of AR, history of bronchiolitis before 2 years of age, parental asthma, use of antibiotics during infancy, exposure to molds in the house during infancy, and development or aggravation of asthma symptoms within 6 months after moving to a new house, could be risk factors for wheezing within 12 months.</P>

Inductin of neuron-derived orphan receptor-1 in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation following transient global ischemia in the rat.

Kim, Younghwa,Hong, Soontaek,Noh, Mi Ra,Kim, Soo Young,Huh, Pil Woo,Park, Sun-Hwa,Sun, Woong,Kim, Hyun Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2006 Molecules and cells Vol.22 No.1

<P>Neuron-derived orphan receptor (NOR-1) is a member of the thyroid/steroid receptor superfamily that was originally identified in forebrain neuronal cells undergoing apoptosis. In addition to apoptotic stimuli, activation of several signal transduction pathways including direct neuronal depolarization regulates the expression of NOR-1. In this study we tested whether the expression of NOR-1 is changed following transient ischemic injury in the adult rat brain. NOR-1 mRNA increased rapidly in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation and piriform cortex 3 h after transient global ischemia and returned to basal level at 6 h. On the other hand, oxygen-glucose deprivation of cultured cerebral cortical neurons did not alter the expression of NOR-1. These results suggest that expression of NOR-1 is differentially regulated in different brain regions in response to globally applied brain ischemia, but that hypoxia is not sufficient to induce its expression.</P>

Value of palm kernel co-products in swine diets

Sheena Kim,Byeonghyeon Kim,Younghoon Kim,Samooel Jung,Younghwa Kim,Juncheol Park,Minho Song,Sangnam Oh 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2016 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.43 No.5

에탄올로 유도된 간세포 손상에 대한 조리방법에 따른 자색고구마의 보호 효과

김윤정(Yoonjeong Kim),김다경(Dagyeong Kim),김나은(Naeun Kim),김영화(Younghwa Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2023 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.52 No.12

본 연구에서는 에탄올로 유도된 간 손상에 대한 자색고구마의 조리방법에 따른 간세포 보호 효과를 연구하였다. 자색고구마는 찌기, 굽기, 전자레인지의 세 가지 방법으로 조리되었고 생것과 함께 연구에 사용되었다. 자색고구마의 조리방법에 따른 수용성 비타민 B군의 함량을 분석한 결과, 대체로 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 특히 비타민 B7은 굽기와 전자레인지 조리 후 유의적으로 증가하였다. 조리방법에 따른 자색고구마 추출물은 모두 간세포에서 독성을 나타내지 않았으며, 에탄올 자극에 대해 고구마 추출물은 간세포의 생존율을 증가시켰다. 특히, 생것과 찐 자색고구마 추출물은 유의적으로 높은 간세포 보호 효과를 나타내었다. 그뿐만 아니라, 에탄올 단독 처리구에 비해 모든 자색고구마 추출물은 ROS의 생성을 억제하였으며, 특히 생것과 찐 자색고구마 추출물이 굽거나 전자레인지로 조리한 자색고구마에 비해 ROS 생성을 유의적으로 억제하였다. 간세포의 손상 지표로 알려진 ALT 및 AST의 활성과 MDA 함량을 확인하였을 때 에탄올 처리는 이들 지표를 모두 증가시켰으나 자색고구마 추출물과 함께 처리 시 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 특히 생것과 찐 자색고구마는 ALT 및 AST 활성과 MDA의 함량을 크게 감소시켰다. 또한 체내 항산화 방어 시스템에 작용하는 효소인 GST의 활성은 에탄올에 의해 감소하였으나, 생것과 찐 자색고구마 추출물에 의해 대조군과 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 에탄올로 유도된 간세포 손상에 대해 자색고구마는 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며, 자색고구마는 기능성 식품 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Present study aimed to investigate the effects of three methods, namely, steaming, roasting, and microwaving, of cooking purple sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) on hepatoprotective effects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Vitamin B1 and B7 contents were altered more after steaming than microwaving. The methanolic extracts of raw and cooked purple sweet potato had no cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells, and raw and steamed potatoes had the greatest cytoprotective effects against ethanol damage. All samples significantly inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species against ethanol-induced stress after 60 min compared to ethanol-treated controls. Ethanol treatment increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malondialdehyde (MDA). However, pretreatment with raw and/or steamed purple sweet potatoes significantly inhibited ALT, AST, and MDA levels. Moreover, pretreatment with raw or steamed purple sweet potato significantly increased glutathione S-transferase levels compared to ethanol treatment alone. Overall, these results suggest that purple sweet potatoes have potential use as a functional food ingredient to ameliorate ethanol-induced liver damage.

Therapeutic Potentials of Procyanidins from Defatted Grape Seed

Younghwa Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.8

Antioxidant and Anti-adipogenic Activities of Esculetin in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Younghwa Kim,Junsoo Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.8

Effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on anti-inflammatory response via heme oxygenase-1 induction during adipocyte-macrophage interactions

Kim, Younghwa,Lee, Junsoo 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.6

In this study, we examined the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on anti-inflammatory responses through the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in cocultured macrophages and adipocytes. EGCG significantly decreased the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the coculture of RAW 264.7 macrophages and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, EGCG inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cocultured macrophages and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in cocultured adipocytes. Furthermore, the HO-1 expression showed an approximately 4-fold increase in cocultured adipocytes and an approximately 6-fold increase in cocultured macrophages. Lastly, HO-1 silencing induced NO generation in cocultured cells regardless of EGCG treatment. These results indicate that EGCG inhibited inflammatory responses by suppressing the production of proinflammatory cytokines through HO-1 induction during adipocyte-macrophage interaction.

Zinc(II) ion promotes anti-inflammatory effects of rhSOD3 by increasing cellular association

( Younghwa Kim ),( Yoon-jae Jeon ),( Kang Ryu ),( Tae-yoon Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2017 BMB Reports Vol.50 No.2

Recently, we demonstrated that superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is a strong candidate for biomedicine. Anti-oxidant function of SOD3 was accomplished without cell penetration, and it inhibited the inflammatory responses via non-enzymatic functions. SOD3 has the heparin binding domain associating cell surface. Interestingly, we found that Zn²⁺ promotes transduction effects of recombinant human SOD3 (rhSOD3) by increasing uptake via the heparin binding domain (HBD). We demonstrated an uptake of rhSOD3 from media to cell lysate via HBD, resulting in an accumulation of rhSOD3 in the nucleus, which was promoted by the presence of Zn²⁺. This resulted in increased inhibitory effects of rhSOD3 on NF-kB and STAT3 signals in the presence of Zn²⁺, which shows elevated association of rhSOD3 into the cells. These results suggest that an optimized procedure can help to enhance the inflammatory efficacy of rhSOD3, as a novel biomedicine. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(2): 85-90]

Esculetin Inhibits Adipogenesis and Increases Antioxidant Activity during Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells

Younghwa Kim,Junsoo Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.22 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-adipogenic activity of esculetin (ECT) which is reported to be attributable to the modulation of antioxidant enzymes during adipogenesis. After six days of ECT treatment of 3T3-L1 cells, lipid accumulation was determined by Oil red O staining. The levels of glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase were examined. In addition, the protein expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was measured by Western blot. ECT significantly inhibited lipid accumulation by approximately 80% and ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. GSH level and GPx activity were increased by ECT by approximately 1.3-fold and 1.7-fold compared to the control group, respectively. GCLC and HO-1 expression were elevated by ECT. These results showed that ECT treatments strongly inhibit adipogenesis, increase GSH level, and upregulate the expression of GCLC and HO-1, possibly by decreasing ROS production in 3T3-L1 cells during adipogenesis.