L1 Transfer in the Use of Deictic Verbs by Korean Learners of English

Yoon Namkung Ewha Institute fo English and American Studies 2015 Journal of English and American studies Vol.14 No.-

This paper examines Korean EFL learners’ use of the deictic verbs come/go and bring/take. Fillmore’s (1997) theory of deictic patterns claims that the use of come and bring involves motion toward either the speaker or the addressee while the use of go and take only involves motion distinct from the speaker’s location. Because English and Korean have different deictic patterns for come and bring, but the same patterns for go and take, Korean EFL learners are expected to transfer their L1 in the use of come and bring when motion is towards the addressee. Results of forced choice elicitation tasks in both English and Korean revealed that learners transfer their L1 when using English deictic verbs. They made errors when the questions targeted come and bring used for motion towards the addressee by using go and take instead. Also, while the learners significantly differed from the native English speakers in their choices of the correct English deictic verbs, the higher proficiency level learners and the lower proficiency level learners did not significantly differ in their L1 transfer. This suggests that learners transfer the Korean deictic patterns in their use of come and bring regardless of proficiency level. In addition, results have shown that animacy influences learners’ use of bring and take. Learners associated bring with animate beings and take with inanimate objects. Pedagogical implications are also discussed.

Formulaic Language Development in Asian Learners of English: A Comparative Study of Phrase-frames in Written and Oral Production

Yoon Namkung,Ute Romer Institute for Corpus Research 2023 Asia pacific journal of corpus research Vol.4 No.2

Recent research in usage-based Second Language Acquisition has provided new insights into second language (L2) learners' development of formulaic language (Wulff, 2019). The current study examines the use of phrase-frames, which are recurring sequences of words including one or more variable slots (e.g., it is * that), in written and oral production data from Asian learners of English across four proficiency levels (beginner, low-intermediate, high-intermediate, advanced) and native English speakers. The variability, predictability, and discourse functions of the most frequent 4-word phrase-frames from the written essay and spoken dialogue sub-corpora of the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE) were analyzed and then compared across groups and modes. The results revealed that while learners' phrase-frames in writing became more variable and unpredictable as proficiency increased, no clear developmental patterns were found in speaking, although all groups used more fixed and predictable phrase-frames than the reference group. Further, no developmental trajectories in the functions of the most frequent phrase-frames were found in both modes. Additionally, lower-level learners and the reference group used more variable phrase-frames in speaking, whereas advanced-level learners showed more variability in writing. This study contributes to a better understanding of the development of L2 phraseological competence.

Graduate Colloquium 2 : Biochemistry 2 ; Requirement of the α1D subunit of L-type Ca2+ channels for proper generation of β-cells in the postnatal pancreas of mice

( Yoon Namkung ),( Nataliya Skrypnyk ),( Myung Jin Jeong ),( Tae Hoon Lee ),( Myung Shik Lee ),( Hyung Lae Kim ),( He Min Chin ),( Pann Ghill Suh ),( Sung Sook Kim ),( Hee Sup Shin ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2001 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2001 No.-

DefiNiteNess aNd Specificity iN L2 Article AcquisitioN by KoreaN EFL LearNers

( Yoon Namkung ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2015 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.68

This study examiNes the iNflueNce of specificity oN KoreaN EFL learNers` article choice by testiNg the FluctuatioN Hypothesis (FH; IoNiN et al. 2004), which posits that learNers fluctuate betweeN defiNiteNess aNd specificity. The curreNt research also aNalyzes the directioNality effect of articles, iN which learNers use the more accurately thaN a, as fouNd iN earlier studies. Results revealed that learNers overused a iN defiNite NoN-specific coNtexts aNd overused the iN iNdefiNite specific coNtexts, coNfirmiNg the FH. Also, high proficieNcy learNers were able to fix the defiNiteNess settiNg of ENglish. However, learNers were more accurate iN usiNg a thaN the, coNtradictiNg the directioNality effect. Pedagogical implicatioNs are also discussed.

전문대학 식품영양과 교육과정의 수정 개발에 관한 연구

남궁석,소명환,윤성식 한국식품영양학회 1989 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

According as the economic growth and the development of highly industrialized society have improved the nation's standard of living, a great change in recognition of public health has occurred and also brought about a concomitant change in the roles and responsibilities of nutritionists. Consequently, the curriculum of Junior Colleges is required to be revised so as to provide substantial education through which the acquisition of necessary professional knowledge and technique as intermediate technicians and the efficient training can be achieved. On the basis of the survey and analysis of the current curriculum and of the functional structures of nutritionists, this study made an attempt to frame a model curriculum that may provide effective education and training and help to establish a desirable curriculum of Junior Colleges.

韓國人의 食事嗜好에 關한 硏究 : (Ⅰ.基本味의 變化)

남궁석,장건형,양철영,윤은숙 서울保健大學 1985 論文集 Vol.5 No.1

한국인의 식사가호의 변화를 조사하기 위해 4원미의 측정, 맛의 기호성조사, 미맹검사를 위한 실험을 실시한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 기본미의 최소감각농도는 짠맛이 0.008-0.015%, 단맛이 0.244-0.246%, 신맛 0.004-0.006%, 쓴맛 0.008-0.012%였다. 2. 기본미의 최소감미농도는 짠맛 0.013-0.015%, 단맛 0.247-0.250%, 신맛 0.007-0.010%, 쓴맛 0.011-0.015%였다. 3. 4원미의 최소감각농도의 평균농도는 짠맛이 0.021%. 단맛 0.2446%, 신맛 0.0050%, 쓴맛 0.0104% 이었고, 최소감미농도의 펑균농도는 짠맛이 0.0137%. 단맛 0.2480%, 신맛 0.0089%, 쓴맛 0.0133%으로 나타났다. 4. 음식맛에 대한 기호도는 단맛 12-14%로, 외국사람들이 나타낸 10-12%에 비하여 단맛을 좋아하는 경향을 보이며, 신맛인 orange juice 0.85%. 미역초우침 0.5356%이고, 짠맛은 콩나물국0.3446-0.6892%, 두부찌게 0.9189%로서, 종래의 국의 염분농도인 1.040-1.900%보다 낮은 염분농도를 좋아하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 쓴맛은 0.0565-0.075%였다. 5. 식품의 기호맛중 단맛과 신맛은 농촌거주인이 높은 농도를 좋아하는 경향이고 쓴맛은 도시거주인들이 농촌거주인보다도 높은 농도를 좋아하였다. 6. PTC(0.03% Phenylthio Carbamide) 물질에 의한 미맹검사 결과는 7.10%가 미행으로 나타났으며, 표현된 맛으로는 단맛(1.0%), 신맛(0.8%), 짠맛(0.8%), 기타의 맛(1.6%), 맛이 없다(2.9%) 로 나타냈다. Four primary taste, dietary preference and taste blind testing were investigated to provide data applicable to food industry and to improve Korean dietary life. The results were summarized as follows.. 1. The detection threshold concentration of four primary taste by panel members, was 0.008-0.015% of salt, 0.244-0.246% of sweet, 0.004-0.006% of sour and 0.008-0.012% of bitter, respectively. 2. T he recognition threshold concentration of salt, sweet, sour and bitter was 0.013-0.015%, 0.247-0:250%, 0.007-0.010% and 0.011-0.015%, respectively. 3. The average detection threshold of salt, sweet, sour and bitter was 0.012, 0.244, 0.005 and 0.010%, The average recognition threshold was 0.013, 0.248, 0.008 and 0.013%, respectively. 4. The most dietary preference were 12-14% of with sugar content, 0.85% of orange juice, 0.488%of seaweed seasoning with acetic acid,0.344-0.689% of soybeen sprout soup, 0.918% of poststew with bean curd with ~odium chloride, 0.056-0.075% of bitter with caffein, respectively. 5. Farm village panel members liked higher concentration of sweet sour and than others member, college student and business men liked higher. concentration of bitter than farm village members. 6. The result of taste blind testing by four groups, showed that blind numers were 7.10%, taste was sweet (1.0%), sour (0.8%), salt (0.8%), other taste (1.6%) and no taste (2.9%), respectively.

초음파 유도하 경피적 도관 삽입술의 유용성

남궁숙,허헌,김흥철,엄경태,유윤식,황임경 대한초음파의학회 1998 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.17 No.4

Association of polymorphisms in genes encoding IL‐4, IL‐13 and their receptors with atopic dermatitis in a Korean population

Namkung, Jung‐,Hyun,Lee, Jong‐,Eun,Kim, Eugene,Kim, Hyun‐,Je,Seo, Eun‐,Young,Jang, Hye‐,Yoon,Shin, Eun‐,Soon,Cho, Eun‐,Young,Yang, Jun‐,Mo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Experimental dermatology Vol.20 No.11

<P><B>Abstract: </B> Th2‐dominated immune responses are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). IL‐4 and IL‐13 are typical pleiotropic Th2 cytokines that play a central role in IgE‐dependent inflammatory reactions. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL‐4 and IL‐13 have been reported in patients with allergic disease from numerous countries. Gene–gene interactions among genes have been identified in patients with asthma, although negative results have been reported. To investigate the associations of SNPs in these genes and the interactions between these genes in AD, we genotyped 23 SNPs of the IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐4R, IL‐13Rα1 and IL‐13Rα2 genes for 1089 case‐control samples (631 AD patients and 458 controls) and analysed the SNPs and haplotypes in these genes. We also searched for gene–gene interactions among these five genes. Our data identified an association between rs3091307 and rs20541 in the IL‐13 gene and between rs2265753 and rs2254672 in the IL‐13Rα1 gene and the AD phenotype. In particular, three of the four SNPs were especially predictive of the allergic type of AD (ADe), and the haplotype TCGG in the IL‐13Rα1 gene showed significant association with AD, especially ADe. Furthermore, the combination of rs3091307 GG/ rs2265753 GG (IL‐13/IL‐13Rα1) conveyed a significantly higher risk for developing ADe. However, we did not identify any SNPs in the IL‐4, IL‐4R and IL‐13Rα2 genes that were associated with AD. As IL‐13Rα1 is most likely expressed in Th17 cells rather than in Th2 cells, these data suggest diversity in the classification of Th cells that needs to be verified in future studies.</P>

A Comparison of Ypet and Firefly Luciferase as Reporter Proteins for High-Throughput Screening

YOON, Sei Mee,NAMKUNG, Wan,LEE, Jinu Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology and Ag 2013 Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry Vol.77 No.11

전문대학 식품영양과의 실험실습 및 현장실습 운영실태에 관한 연구

윤성식,소명환,남궁석 한국식품영양학회 1989 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

This study was conducted to gather the baseline data on realities of experimental-practice and opinions toward spot-practice, and to examine how to cope with the problems raised at the Department of Food and Nutrition of Junior Technical College in Korea. Ouestionairs were gathered from 42 chairmans of the Department of Food and Nutrition and 140 present dieticians worked in Seoul, Bucheon and Seongnam area. The results are as follows, First, as a whole, each college had 2∼3 experimental laboratory (Lab), in which Cooking Science Lab, Chemistry Lab and Microbiology Lab were occured at higher frequency as Lab's name. Second, the numbers per experimental-practice class were more than 40 at most colleges. 85% of present dieticians have answered to feel too much numbers per the class during their college days, whereas professors' opinions toward the numbers per class were suitable at 20∼30 persons per class. Third, professors' opinion toward the adquate ratio of the theory subject classes to experimental subject classes was suitable at 60 : 40. Dieticians answered to take the theory subject classes partly or mostly on behalf of the experimental-practice classes. Fourth, the main reasons which inhibited normal experimental-practice class were the class for emphasis on examination, the shortage of experiment budget, the excess of class members, the shortage of experimental Lab. Also, this results showed same propensity to present dieticians' opinion toward the same question above. Fifth, among the experimental-practice subjects established at the Department of Food and Nutrition, Diet Therapy Lab was highest frequency class emphasized on theory followed by Nutrition Counselling Lab, Food Processing and Storage Lab, Food Hygiene Lab and Food Microbiology Lab in that order. Here, Basic Chemistry Lab, Biochemistry Lab, Food Microbiology Lab were pointed as subjects far from the present task of dieticians. Sixth, Department of Food and Nutrition, as a whole, has conferred with spot-practice arrangement. About 50% (all who want to join spot-practice) of second year students took part in spot-practice. In the other way, all colleges except for 2 colleges didn't give the credit for the spot-practice system. Seventh, according to the on analysis on spot-practice places, manufacturing company was at highest frequency followed by hospitals, elementary school having group feeding system in that order. Especially, 16.7% (5 colleges) of the total colleges sent the students to the research institute related to food industry for spot-practice experience. Eighth, Professors' opinions toward the spot-practice time and periord were preferable on summer vacation of second year and for 1∼2 weeks, respectively. On the contrary, 74 dieticians answered to the adquate period as for 4 weeks. Ninth, 86 dieticians of the total 140 answered to complete the spot-practice during their college days, which helps the present task of them. Lacks of spot-practice program, Lacks of comprehension of upper personnels and lacks of group feeding equipments ranks higher as difficulties in spot-practice management.